高中英语外研版选修8教学案module1sectionⅠintroductionamp；reading-pre-reading

ShiptourismtoAntarcticaisontherise:Morethan35,000touristsareexpectedtovisitAntarcticathissummer.In1992－1993,6,750touristsvisitedAntarctica,accordingtotheAntarcticaTreaty.Allofthistourism,however,isputtingbothtouristsandtheenvironmentingreatdanger.Amongthetouristshipsthatvisitthecontinent,theExplorer,aCanadianship,wasoneofthefirst.Puttousein1969,itwasbuilttocarrytouriststoAntarctica.Lastweek,however,itbecamethefirstcommercial(商业)passengershiptosinkbeneaththewaters.Fortunately,allofthepassengersandcrewmemberswererescuedfromtheship.However,thesunkenshipendangeredtheAntarctic'sfragile(脆弱的)environment.Theshipwasestimatedtobeholding48,000gallonsoffuel.Asanaturalfrontier,Antarcticaisinamessylegalsituation.Therearenoobviousanswersastowhoisresponsiblefordealingwiththethreatthattouristmaycausetohumanlifeandtheenvironment.ThereisnocoastguardforAntarctica.DowewantittobecomeDisneyland,ordoweneedsomecontrols?

Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre­reading[原文呈现]Antarctica①：theLastContinentAntarcticaisthecoldestplaceonEarth.It'salsothedriest.Withannual②rainfall③closeto④zero⑤，Antarcticaistechnicallyadesert.Coveringabout14millionsquarekilometresaroundtheSouthPole⑥，itisthefifthlargest⑦continentintheworld.Ahighmountainrange,theTrans­Antarcticrange⑧，runsfromeasttowest,cuttingthecontinentintwo⑨.Therearevolcanoestoo,buttheyarenotveryactive.Antarcticaholds⑩90%oftheworld'sice,andmostofitsfreshwater(70%)isinafrozenstate⑪，ofcourse.98%ofthesurfaceis⑫coveredpermanently⑬intheicecap.Onaverage⑭itistwokilometresthick,butinsomeplacesitreachesadepth⑮offivekilometres.Strongwinds⑯drivenbygravity⑰blowfromthepoletothecoastline,whileotherwindsblowroundthecoast.Itisdifficulttoimagineamoreinhospitable⑱place.[读文清障]①Antarctica/æn'tɑːktIkə/n.南极洲②annual/'ænjuəl/adj.每年的n.年刊，年鉴③rainfall/'reInˌfɔːl/n.降水量；降雨量④closeto靠近，接近，几乎⑤with复合结构作原因状语。⑥coveringabout...theSouthPole作状语。⑦thefifthlargest第五大⑧Trans­Antarcticrange横贯南极洲的山脉⑨现在分词短语作状语。⑩hold此处指“拥有”⑪state/steIt/n.状态；状况⑫“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词保持一致。⑬permanentlyadv.永久地，长期地⑭onaverage通常，按平均值above/belowaverage高于/低于平均水平⑮depth/depθ/n.深度⑯过去分词短语作后置定语。⑰gravity/'ɡrævəti/n.重力，地心引力⑱inhospitable/ˌInhɒ'spItəbl/adj.荒凉的，不适宜居住的南极洲：最后(一块被发现)的大洲[第1段译文]南极洲是地球上最冷的地方，同时也是最干燥的地方。南极洲年降水量几乎为零，严格来说该地区就是一片荒漠。南极洲覆盖了南极圈周围约1400万平方千米的面积，是世界第五大洲。一条横贯南极洲的高大山脉，从东到西将南极洲分为两半。南极洲也有火山，但并不十分活跃。南极洲拥有世界90%的冰，当然其大部分淡水(70%)都处于一种冰冻状态。南极洲98%的地表永久地被冰盖覆盖。冰层平均厚度为2000米，但某些地方厚度可以达到5000米。受地球重力影响，会有暴风从极地吹向海岸，同时也有其他方向吹来的风。很难想象比南极洲条件更为恶劣的地方了。YetAntarcticaisfullofwildlife,whichhasadaptedto⑲itsextreme⑳conditionseq\o(○,\s\up1(21)).Therearedifferenttypesofpenguins,flyingbirds,seals,andwhales.ButthelongAntarcticwinternight,whichlastsfor182dayseq\o(○,\s\up1(22))(thelongestperiodofcontinuousdarknessonearth),aswellastheextremecoldandlackofrainfall,meansthatfewtypesofplantscansurvivethereeq\o(○,\s\up1(23)).Onlytwotypesoffloweringeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))plantsarefound,whiletherearenotreesonthelargecontinenteq\o(○,\s\up1(25)).Therestoftheplantsaremadeupofmosseseq\o(○,\s\up1(26))，algaeeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))andlicheneq\o(○,\s\up1(28)).Someformsofalgaehaveadaptedtogrowonice.⑲adapt(to)(使)适应adaptoneselfto使自己适应或习惯⑳extreme/Ik'striːm/adj.极端的，极度的n.极端extremelyadv.极其，极端，非常eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰wildlife。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))which引导定语从句，修饰winternight。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))means用第三人称单数形式，与aswellas...前面的winternight保持数的一致，并且that引导宾语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))flower/'flaʊə/v.开花eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))while意为“而，然而”，作并列连词，表示对比。eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))moss/mɒs/n.藓；苔藓eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))algae/'ældʒiː/n.藻类(植物)eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))lichen/'laIken/n.地衣[第2段译文]但南极洲仍然栖息着许多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。这里有不同种类的企鹅、飞禽、海豹以及鲸。但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期，而且气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在这里生存。仅发现了两种开花类植物，而这片大陆上没有树木生长。其他的植物也就是一些苔藓、海藻以及地衣。有些藻类已经适应了在冰上生长。Mostoftheicehasbeenthereforthousandsofyears.Asaresulteq\o(○,\s\up1(29))，ithasbecomeawindowonthepast,andcangiveresearcherslotsofusefulinformation.Gasesandminerals,intheformofeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))volcanicdusttrappedeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))intheiceeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))，cantellusalotaboutwhattheworld'sclimatewaslikeinpastageseq\o(○,\s\up1(33)).Antarcticrocksarealsoveryimportantforresearch.Mostofthemaremeteoriteseq\o(○,\s\up1(34))fromouterspaceeq\o(○,\s\up1(35)).Onerock,knownasthe“Alien”rockeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))，maycontaineq\o(○,\s\up1(37))evidenceofextraterrestrialeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))life.SincemostAntarcticrocksaredarkincoloureq\o(○,\s\up1(39))，theystandouteq\o(○,\s\up1(40))againstthewhitebackgroundandareeasytoidentifyandcollect.eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))asaresult结果eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))intheformof以……的形式(介词短语)taketheformof采取……的形式(动词短语)eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))trap/træp/v.储存，留存eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))过去分词短语trappedintheice作后置定语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))what引导的宾语从句作介词about的宾语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))meteorite/'miːtiəˌraIt/n.陨石eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))outerspace太空，外部空间(前面无冠词)eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰rock。eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))containv．包含，容纳eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))extraterrestrial/ˌekstrətə'restriəl/adj.天外的，地球外的eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))since引导原因状语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))standout突出，显眼，出色[第3段译文]南极洲大部分的冰已经有成千上万年的历史了。因此，它已经变成了人们了解过去的窗口，可以给研究者提供大量有用的信息。这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。南极洲的岩石对于研究来说也很重要。它们大部分是来自太空的陨石。其中有一块叫做“外星”的岩石，或许含有地球以外生命存在的证据。南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的背景下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。Antarcticawasthelastcontinenttobediscoveredeq\o(○,\s\up1(41)).ButmorethantwothousandyearsagoGreekgeographersbelievedthattherewasalargelandmasseq\o(○,\s\up1(42))inthesouthwhichbalancedeq\o(○,\s\up1(43))thelandinthenortheq\o(○,\s\up1(44)).TheycalleditAnti­Arktikos,orAntarctica：theoppositeofArctic.WhenEuropeansdiscoveredthecontinentofAmericainthe15thcenturyeq\o(○,\s\up1(45))，thegreatageofexplorationeq\o(○,\s\up1(46))began.However,progresstotheSouthPolewasslow.Notuntilthelate18thcenturydidtheBritisheq\o(○,\s\up1(47))explorerJamesCookcrosstheAntarcticCircle,butheneversawland.Thenin1895,aNorwegiancalledCarstensBorchgrevinkeq\o(○,\s\up1(48))becamethefirstmantosetfootoneq\o(○,\s\up1(49))theAntarcticmainland.Theracetothepolehadbegun.Itwasfinallyreachedon11thDecember,1911bytheNorwegianRoaldAmundsen.,eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))tobediscovered是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰thelastcontinent。eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))mass/mæs/n.块，堆，团amassof一块，一堆，一团；一大群massesof许多的，大量的eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))balance/'bæləns/v.使平衡eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))which引导限制性定语从句，修饰landmass。eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))When引导时间状语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))exploration/ˌeksplə'reIʃn/n.(对某地区的)勘查explorev．勘探，探险，探索explorern．探险家，勘探员eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))notuntil位于句首时，主句需部分倒装。eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Norwegian。eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))setfooton进入，到达[第4段译文]南极洲是最后一块被发现的大洲。但在两千多年以前，希腊的地理学家就相信地球南边会存在一大块陆地与北边的陆地保持平衡。他们称之为Anti­Arktikos或者Antarctica，意为“与北极相反的”。在15世纪欧洲人发现了美洲以后，一个伟大的探险的时代也随之开始了。然而，到达南极洲的步伐却非常慢。直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。奔赴南极的竞赛开始了。最终一名挪威人罗尔德·阿蒙森于1911年12月11日到达南极。TodayscientistsfrommanycountriestraveltoAntarcticatostudyitsresources.Aspiritofinternationalfriendshiphasreplacedtherivalryeq\o(○,\s\up1(50))thatexistedbetweenmanyoftheearlierexplorerseq\o(○,\s\up1(51)).In1961,atreatyeq\o(○,\s\up1(52))signedby12countrieseq\o(○,\s\up1(53))，includingBritain,France,andtheUSA,madeAntarcticatheworld'sbiggestnaturereserve.Theaimofthetreatyistopreventeq\o(○,\s\up1(54))thecommercialeq\o(○,\s\up1(55))andmilitaryuseofthecontinent.Inparticulareq\o(○,\s\up1(56))，itaimstokeepAntarcticafreefromeq\o(○,\s\up1(57))nucleareq\o(○,\s\up1(58))testseq\o(○,\s\up1(59))andradioactiveeq\o(○,\s\up1(60))waste;topromoteeq\o(○,\s\up1(61))internationalscientificprojects;andtoendargumentsaboutwhoownsthelandeq\o(○,\s\up1(62)).Todaycountriesrepresentingeq\o(○,\s\up1(63))80%oftheworld'spopulationeq\o(○,\s\up1(64))havesignedthetreaty.Antarcticahasbecomeperhapsthemostsuccessfulsymbolofman'seffortstoworktogetherforprogressandpeace.eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))rivalry/'raIvlri/n.(不断的)竞争eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))that引导定语从句，修饰rivalry。eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))treaty/'triːti/n.(国家或政府间的)条约，公约eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰treaty。eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))preventv．防止，预防preventsb.(from)doingsth.防止某人做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))commercial/kə'mɜːʃl/adj.商业的eq\o(○,\s\up1(56))inparticular(＝particularly)尤其是，特别是eq\o(○,\s\up1(57))keepfreefrom使……摆脱eq\o(○,\s\up1(58))nuclear/'njuːkliə/adj.核的，核能的eq\o(○,\s\up1(59))test/test/n.试验eq\o(○,\s\up1(60))radioactive/ˌreIdiəʊ'æktIv/adj.(具有)放射性的eq\o(○,\s\up1(61))promote/prə'məʊt/v.促进，增进eq\o(○,\s\up1(62))whoownstheland是宾语从句作介词about的宾语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(63))representv．代表，象征represent...as把……描绘成eq\o(○,\s\up1(64))现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰countries。[第5段译文]当今，来自许多国家的科学家到南极洲去研究其资源。一种国际友谊已经代替了存在于许多早期探险家之间的相互竞争。1961年，由包括英国、法国和美国在内的12个国家签署的一份条约，使南极洲变成了世界上最大的自然保护区。条约的目的在于防止将南极洲用于商业以及军事方面。该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。今天代表世界人口80%的国家已经签署了这份条约。南极洲或许已经成为人类为了进步与和平而共同努力的最成功的标志。Pre­readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．depthA．thetoporoutsidelayerofsomething2．adaptB．theamountofrainwhichfallsinaparticularplace3．exploreC．tokeepsth.inaparticularplace4．trapD．totraveltooraroundanareaoracountryinordertolearnaboutit5．rainfallE．tochangetosuitanewsituation6．surfaceF．usedtomeasurehowdeepsomethingis1～6________________答案：1～6FEDCBALead­inLookatthepicturesandtellyourclassmateswhatyoucansee.1．Lotsofpenguinsarewalkingfreely.2．Amountainiscoveredbyheavysnowandthickice.3．Thisisthefifthlargestcontinentintheworld,Antarctica.While­readingFast­reading(Ⅰ)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Thepassageismainlyaboutthe_introductions_to_Antarctica.(Ⅱ)Skimthepassageandmatcheachparagraphwiththeirmainideas.A．thediscoveryofAntarcticaPara.2 B．thebackgroundandaimoftheAntarcticTreatyPara.3C．generalintroductionofthevastlandPara.4 D．plantsandwildlifetherePara.5E．agreatplaceforscientificresearch答案：～CDEABCareful­reading(Ⅰ)Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothepassage.1．Howmuchofthesurfaceiscoveredpermanentlyintheicecap?A．90%. B．70%.C．98%. D．80%.2．HowlongdoesthelongAntarcticwinternightlast?A．12centuries. B．15days.C．11centuries. D．182days.3．WhyaretheAntarcticrockseasytosee?A．Becausetheyarewhitewhilethebackgroundisblack.B．Becausetheyareblackwhilethebackgroundiswhite.C．Becausetheyareusefulwhilethebackgroundisuseless.D．Becausetheyareouterwhilethebackgroundisinner.4．WhowasthefirsttolandontheAntarctica?A．JamesCook.B．RoaldAmundsen.C．Greekgeographers.D．CarstensBorchgrevink.5．Whatistheaimofthetreatysignedin1961?A．Topreventthecommercialandmilitaryuseofthecontinent.B．TopreventtheresearchintheAntarctica.C．Tokeepthehuntersfromkillingthepenguins.D．Toavoidthewarbetweentheadvancedcountries.答案：1～5CDBDA(Ⅱ)Completethefollowingformaccordingtothepassage.HeadingMainideaThelandAntarcticaisaninhospitableplacebecauseitisthe1.coldestandthedriestplaceonEarthandis2.permanently_coveredwithice.PlantsandanimalsAsaresultofits3.extremeconditionsonlyfewtypesofplantscansurvivethere,butitisfullof4.wildlife.AgreatplaceforresearchersAntarcticiceand5.rockscangiveresearcherslotsofusefulinformation.ThediscoveryofAntarcticaAntarcticawasthe6.lastcontinenttobediscoveredandCarstensBorchgrevinkwasthefirstmantoset7.footontheAntarcticmainland.TheAntarcticTreatyTtectAntarcticaandAntarcticahasbecomeperhapsthemost9.successful_symbolofman'gress_and_peace.Study­readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthepassage.1．ButthelongAntarcticwinternight,whichlastsfor182days(thelongestperiodofcontinuousdarknessonearth),aswellastheextremecoldandlackofrainfall,meansthatfewtypesofplantscansurvivethere.[句式分析][尝试翻译]但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，而且气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能在这里生存。2．Gasesandminerals,intheformofvolcanicdusttrappedintheice,cantellusalotaboutwhattheworld'sclimatewaslikeinpastages.[句式分析]本句为复合句，intheform...theice为介词短语作定语，修饰主语gasesandminerals，其中trappedintheice为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰volcanicdust,whatthe...inpastages作介词about的宾语。[尝试翻译]这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。3．ButmorethantwothousandyearsagoGreekgeographersbelievedthattherewasalargelandmassinthesouthwhichbalancedthelandinthenorth.[句式分析][尝试翻译]但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就相信地球南边会存在一大块陆地与北边的陆地保持平衡。Ⅰ.阅读理解AWe'vecolonisedmostoftheworld,butonevaststretchoftheplanetremainsbeyondourgrasp:Antarctica.Thisfrozencontinentattheendoftheearthhasneverbeenpermanentlyoccupiedbyman.Evenifyou'retravelingthereonacruiseship,asmostpeopledo,thesolitude(孤独)andtheemptinesswillenvelopyou.Notthatsolitudeisthefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyou'restandinginthemiddleofapenguincolonyonanAntarcticshoreline.WhenIvisitedinearlyFebruary,therewerethousandsofbirdspackedtightlyoneveryrock,bothshygentoopenguinsandthebolderadéliepenguins.Theyseemedhappytoseeuswanderingamongthem;ourcamerasclickedcrazilyatthegreyfluff­ballchickswhoaretappingtheirparents'beaks(鸟嘴)tobefed.Butpenguinsarebynomeanstheonlystarsoftheshowhere.Ifounditequallyexcitingtoseeawanderingalbatross(信天翁)circlingaboveourship,dippingitsgreatwingsintotherollingwatersoftheDrakePassage.Orfatelephantsealsrestonthebeachinasoupofalgae(海藻),shoutingateachotherlikeelderlymembersofagentlemen'sclub.Mostexcitingofall,though,werethewhales.Asthecallwentupfromthebridgeofourship—“Humpbacks！”—wespottedthreeofthemleapingfromthewater,theirmagnificenttailsemerginganddippingasifinslowmotion,soclosethatwecouldseetheirgreatheads,theireyesandblowholes.Justasvastandattractivearetheicebergs.TheglassyworldoftheWeddellSeaisafantasticpictureoficyskyscrapersstretchingtothehorizon.Somearewhippedbywindandwaterintofantasticalshapes—oriental(东方的)palaces,ruinedfortresses,anArtDecocinema.Alloftheaboveisexactlywhatmakesavoyageheresoextraordinary.AjourneytoAntarcticaisatravelexperienceasspecialasyoucanhave.语篇解读：作者描述了自己到南极去的一次旅行经历，在作者的笔下一切都充满了生机和活力。1．WecaninferfromParagraph2thatpenguins________.A．aremostlyshyB．arenotafraidofhumansC．dislikethepresenceofhumansD．hidetheirchicksfromhumans解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段第三句中“Theyseemedhappytoseeuswanderingamongthem”可知，企鹅似乎对人类在周围徘徊感到高兴，说明它们一点也不惧怕人类。2．WhatisthemostexcitinginAntarcticaaccordingtotheauthor?A．Penguins. B．Thewhales.C．Theicebergs. D．Elephantseals.解析：选B细节理解题。从文章第四段第一句“Mostexcitingofall,though,werethewhales.”可知，作者认为最令人激动的是见到鲸。3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheicebergs?A．Theylackattraction.B．Theylookcoldandlifeless.C．Theyarehugeandfrightening.D．Theyarebeautifulandindifferentshapes.解析：选D细节理解题。从文章第五段可知，冰山形态各异、闪闪发光，它们在作者的笔下也显得生动而美丽。4．Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A．Anad. B．Anewsstory.C．Atraveljournal. D．Aresearchpaper.解析：选C文章出处题。综合全文，特别是文章最后一段“AjourneytoAntarcticaisatravelexperienceasspecialasyoucanhave.”可知，本文节选自游记。BAntarcticseabirdsarebreeding(繁殖)later,becausethinnerseaiceiscausingtheirfoodsuppliestodecline,anewstudysays.Thebirds,whichnestinEastAntarctica,havedelayedtheirspringarrivalbyanaverageofninedaysandegg­layingbyanaverageoftwodaysoverthepast50years,accordingtopolarresearchersfromtheFrenchNationalCenterforScientificResearchinVilliersenBois,France.StudyauthorsChristopheBarbrandandHenriWeimerskirchattributethislaterbreedingactivitytodecreaseinseaicecausedbyclimatechange.Theresearcherssaythedisappearingseaice,combinedwithalongersea­iceseason,hasinterferedwiththebirds'breedingcyclebyreducingtheamountofkrill(磷虾)andotherprey(猎物)availableinearlyspringinAntarctica.BecauseAntarctica'sseasonsareoppositethoseintheNorthernHemisphere,springontheicycontinentbeginsinOctober.Thestudyisbasedondatacollectedatseabirdcoloniesbetween1950and2004inAdélieLand,ontheeasternedgeofthefrozencontinent.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Oftheninespeciesstudied,somearrivedupto30dayslaterthantheyhadinpreviousyears.Despitemuchlaterarrivals,thebirdsarelayingtheireggsatprettymuchthesametimeastheyhadinthepast.Inthemostextremecases,birdswerelayingtheireggsanaverageof3.7dayslaterintheseasonthantheywere50yearsago.eq\x(语篇解读：本文主要介绍了生活在南极洲东部的海鸟推迟繁殖的原因。)5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．SeabirdsarebreedinglaterinEastAntarctica.B．Theamountofkrillintheoceanhasdecreased.C．TheweatherinAntarcticahaschanged.D．ThespringinAntarcticaisbeginninglater.解析：选A主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章主要介绍的是现在生活在南极洲东部的海鸟的繁殖期由于气候变化而延后。6．InwhichofthefollowingmonthsisitautumninAntarctica?A．October. B．September.C．November. D．June.解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句可推知南极6月应是秋天。7．Howmanykindsofseabirdswerestudiedbytheresearchers?A．Two. B．Five.C．Nine. D．Thirty.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第五段可推知研究了九种鸟。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“attribute”inPara.1mean?A．Contribute. B．Cause.C．Owe. D．Devote.解析：选C词义猜测题。研究者认为这种推迟的生育行为是由于气候变化海冰减少而引起的。attribute...to...“认为……由……引起或产生”，C项与之相符。CWhenLucafirstheardoftheIslandofInventions,hewasstillveryyoung.Butitswonderssoundedsoincrediblethattheywereforeverburnedinhismemory.Fromthatmoment,heneverstoppedsearchingforclueswhichmightleadhimtotheisland.Hereadhundredsofadventurebooks,histories,volumesofphysicsandchemistry,evenmusic.Overtime,hepiecedtogetherhisideaofwhattheIslandofInventionswaslike.Itwasasecretplace,whereallthegreatwisemenintheworldwouldmeettolearnandinventtogether.Accesstotheislandwastotallyrestricted.Tojoin,youhadtohavecreatedsomegreatinventionsforhumanity.Onlythencouldyoureceivethespecialinvitation—whichcamewithdirectionstotheisland.SoLucaspenthisyouthstudyingandinventing.Hemadeeverynewideahegotintotoinvention,andifthereweresomethinghedidn'tunderstand,he'dseekotherstohelphim.SoonhemetotheryounginventorsandhetoldthemabouttheIslandofInventions.Theyalsodreamedofreceivinganinvitationletteroneday.Asyearspassed,thedisappointmentofnotreceivingtheirinvitationsmadeLucaandhisfriendsworkharder.TheywouldmeetinLuca'shouse,sharetheirideasandbuildnewmachines.Theirinventionsbecameknownthroughouttheworld,andimprovedthelivesofmillions.Butstill,noinvitationcame.Theydidn'tloseheart.Theycontinuedlearningandinventingeveryday,tryingtocomeupwithmoreandbetterideas.Freshyoungtalentsjoinedtheirgroup,asmoreinventorsdreamedofgettingtotheisland.Onedaymanyyearslater,Luca,alreadyveryold,wasspeakingwithabrilliantyoungmannamedRoberts,whomaletterhadbeenwrittento,askinghimtojointhegroup.LucastartedtellingthemanthewonderfulIslandofInventions,andhowhewassurethatsomedaytheywouldreceiveaninvitation.Surprised,theyounginventorinterrupted：“Youmeanthisplaceisn'ttheIslandofInventions?Isn'ttheletteryousentmetherealinvitation？”ItwasonlythenthatLucarealizedthathisdreamhadbecometrueinhisveryownhouse.Noislandcouldexistwhichwouldbebetterthanwherehewasnow.Noplaceofinventionwouldbebetterthanwhatheandhisfriendshadcreated.Lucafelthappytoknowthathehadalwaysbeenontheisland,andthathislifeofinventionandstudyhadbeenatrulyhappyone.语篇解读：Luca很小的时候就听说了发明岛，且一直铭记于心。因此，他一直努力寻找去该岛的线索，且一直盼望着收到来自发明岛的邀请。与此同时，他和其他年轻的发明家们共同努力，一同寻梦，他们的发明闻名世界。突然有一天，一位年轻的发明家一语道破天机。9．Luca'spictureoftheIslandofInventionswasmainlybasedon________.A．scientificresearch B．hisimaginationC．reportsofothers D．historybooks解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Overtime,hepiecedtogetherhisideaofwhattheIslandofInventionswaslike.”可知他主要根据自己的想象画出了发明岛的图画，故选B。10．WhydidLucaandhisfriendsprobablyneverreceiveaninvitationtotheisland?A．Theirideaswerenotconsideredworthyenough.B．Theyweretooconcernedwithacquiringfame.C．Theorganizationhadalreadybrokenup.D．Theislandwasnotarealplace.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Youmeanthisplaceisn'ttheIslandofInventions？”及最后一段的第二句“Noislandcouldexistwhichwouldbebetterthanwherehewasnow.”可推知那个岛根本就不存在，故选D。11．WhatwasRoberts'reactiontoLuca'sstoryoftheisland?A．Hethoughthehad