英语发音及拼写

英语语音语调音素是音的最小单位，英语共有48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。元音(vowels)：发音时气流从肺部泄出，不受任何阻碍，在鼻腔和口腔中畅通无阻不带任何摩擦，这样发出的音叫元音。辅音(consonants):气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到某种阻碍发出的音叫辅音；辅音有清辅音和浊辅音之分。英语元音有20个单元音有12个，按发音时舌头前、中、后哪一部分抬得最高可分为：/e/egg /田/bag/e/egg /田/bag/A/bus/□:/short /u/good中元音/。/about /。:/word后元音/a:/ask /□/want/u:/fruit/su/home双元音有8个/su/home/ai/time/ei/name/au/house/oi/boy/is/deer /ss/air /us/our英语中有28个辅音..爆破音：发音时气流在口腔某处受到阻碍，然后气流冲出阻碍,爆破生音./p//b//t//d//k//g/注意：a./p/和/b/,/t/和/d/,/k/和/g/互为清辅音和浊辅音.b.在/s/后面,/p//t//k/发音时不送气.Eg:sport,star,sky.摩擦音：发音时气流在口腔中部分受阻，持续通过口腔形成缝隙的部位，摩擦生音./f//v//e//a//s//z///////h//r/注意：/f/和/v/,i/和/a/, /s/和/z/,///和//互为清辅音和浊辅音..破擦音:/t///d//tr//dr//ts//dz/.鼻腔音：发音时口腔通道完全阻塞，气流从鼻腔出来./m//n//”.半元音:/j//w/.舌边音：发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从舌一侧或两侧逸出./l/元音：前元音[i：][i][e][田]辅音：爆破音[p][b][t][d][k][g]朗读下列音标：pig[pig] pen[pen]bee[bi：] bad[b田d] tell[tel]tea[ti：] did[did] deep[di：p] week[wi：k] keep[ki：p]bag[b田g] give[giv]get[get]元音：中元音[][:][A]辅音：摩擦音[f][s][e][/][h][v][z][a][][r]朗读下列音标：

better[bet]five[faiv]ship[/ip]very[veri]this[dis]run[rAn]shirt[better[bet]five[faiv]ship[/ip]very[veri]this[dis]run[rAn]shirt[7:t]sleep[sli:p]shift[fift]love[lAv]the[d]rule[ru:l]cup[kAp]

thin[。in]have[h田v]zero[ziru]closuer[klu§]thirty[0:ti]hat[h田t]music[mju:zik]pleasure[ple]发音时，其唇型是由近乎全合到近乎全开；其舌位依次降低。辅音：破擦音[tf][][tr][dr][ts][dz]朗读下列音标：fast[fa:st] hard[ha:d] lock[lok] shot[fot]short[fo:t] more[mo:] foot[fut] book[buk]school[sku:l]you[ju:]large[la:d] just[dAst]tree[tri:]country[kAntri]dream[dri:m]dry[drai]arts[a:ts]sports[spo:ts]goods[guds]woods[wuds]teacher[ti:tf] much[mlarge[la:d] just[dAst]tree[tri:]country[kAntri]dream[dri:m]dry[drai]arts[a:ts]sports[spo:ts]goods[guds]woods[wuds]元音：双元音[ei][ai][oi][u][au]辅音：鼻辅音[m][n][d]朗读下列音标：paper[peip]able[eibl]my[mai]eye[ai]

paper[peip]able[eibl]my[mai]eye[ai]noise[noiz]want[wont]home[hum]nose[nuz]noise[noiz]want[wont]home[hum]nose[nuz]flower[flau]mouse[maus]move[mu:v]more[mo:] nice[nais]need[ni:d]sing[siD] think[。i^k]元音：双元音/i/住//u/辅音：舌边音[l]半元音：[j][w]朗读下列音标：hear[hi]dear[di] air[s]bear[bs]tour[tu]sure[/u]live[liv]school[sku:l]yes[jes]year[ji]women[wimin]wolf[wulf]容易混淆的元音[e]和[田]bed/bad;men/man;pen/pan;lend/land[i:]和[ei]real/rail; greet/great;mean/main;read/raid[e]和[ai]bet/bite; red/write; said/side; head/hide[au]和[o:]now/nor;house/horseloud/lordsouth/sauce容易混淆的辅音［v］和［w］vet/wet;vest/west;vine/wine;very/well网和［e］sink/thinksort/thoughtmiss/mythmass/math［z］和［d］bays/bathebreeze/breatheclosing/clothing;［n］和［口］thin/thingsin/singwin/wingran/rang音节:元音与辅音结合起来构成比音素更大的语音单位，这就是音节。Eg:ease/i:z/easy/‘i:zi/uneasy/An,i:zi/。有些较响亮的辅音/l//m//n//口/等，在后面没有元音的情况下，也能和前面的辅音构成一个音节，如bottle/,btl/等。音节是节奏的基本单位。O开音节：a）以辅音+元音+不发音的e结尾。例如:name,bike,nose。b）以辅音+发音的元音字母（a.e.i.o.u）结尾。例如：he,go,hi。O闭音节：以辅音字母（a.e.i.o.u之外的）结尾。例如：bad,bed,sit,hot,cup.o重读音节：在双音节和多音节词中，一般有一个音节读得重些、清楚些，这个音节叫做重读音节，其他读得较清而弱的音节叫做非重读音节。重读音节在音标中用符号［’］标明，标在音节的左上方。例如：［,卸l］，［’bet。］，［ju:ni,v9：siti］oO句子重音：句子是由单词组成的。一般来说，句子中的实词（如:名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词等）都需要重读；有时根据句子要表达的意思，需要特别强调的部分往往也需要重读。也就是说，句子重音可能是句子的每个部分。例如：Ican’tfinishthisjob.O在连贯地说话或朗读时，在同一个意群（即短语或从句）中，如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾，后者以元音音素开头，就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼，构成一个音节，这就是连读。如：OI'm〜an〜Englishboy.OLetmehave〜a100k〜at〜it.OThey,remyfather〜andmother.ONicetomeet-you.OWou1d-you1ike-acup-oftea?OCould-youhelpme,please?O英语中的爆破音:/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/O失去爆破：有时发爆破音时，气流不必冲破阻碍，只是稍做停顿.Eg:baske(t)ball,goo(d)boya.爆破音+爆破音Eg:Hehasabadcoldtoday.Youshouldtakecareofthechildren.b.爆破音+/打/或代/Eg:Haveyoureadthebookaboutthatchild?Thethirdchairisbroken.c.爆破音+/m/,/n/,/l/,/s/Eg:Goodmorning,sir.Goodnight.Theyareveryfriendlytous.O英语中常常会把某些音省略。其中一个最重要的省略现象就是失去爆破。失去爆破总结起来相当复杂，但在实际运用中要简单得多。简单说失去爆破就是当一个爆破辅音后面直接跟着另外一个辅音时，这个爆破辅音就会失去爆破或不完全爆破，以节省气力。也就是说，如果一个爆破辅音后面跟了一个元音，那么这个辅音就会跟这个元音拼读，但如果后面跟了个辅音，则失去爆破。阅读下列单词，比较失去爆破和不失去爆破的区另U：blackboard,post-card,September,doctor,stoptalking,hardtimes,wastetime,thatpoliceman,goodboy,goodjobO爆破音(/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/)后面直接跟另外一个爆破音，破擦音/t//,/d3/,或鼻辅音/m/,/n/时爆破音则会失去爆破，即做出要爆破的动作，形成闭塞但不爆破出来。例如：acttwo,goodpicture,ashortnight。O如果爆破音(/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/)后面直接跟的是摩擦音/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/W/,/T/,/F/,/V/时这个爆破音会有很轻微的爆破，即不完全爆破。例如：breakfast,advice,exciting,helpthisman,lifttheveiloO在一些常见单词中，在非重读章节上的一些音常常会被省略。例如：history,interesting,handkerchief,castle。O在标准的美国英语中，/h/前如果有别的辅音，/h/也常常被省略。例如：yoghurt,tellher,likehim。话语节奏：重读音节和非重读音节交替出现的现象。英语的节奏规律是以重音定时的，即重读音节彼此距离相等。Eg:breadandmilk(OoO)和somebreadandsomemilk(oOooO),两者的重读音节数相同，因此朗读两者的时间大致相等。语调（intonation）,即说话的腔调，就是一句话里通过声调高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化，表达出说话人的态度或口气。英语有五种基本语调：升调（/）、降调（%）、升降调（A）、降升调（V）以及平调（一）。O例如：A：Jean,canyoubringmethenewspaper?B：Sorry?O用升调说“Sorry”，其意思是“Ididn'thearyou.Couldyousaythatagain?”O用降调说“Sorry"，显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。

英语拼写发音规律字母情况发音例词a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中[田]bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中[i：]hethesemeChinese在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中[u]thoseclosegohoehomeno在闭音节中[]clocknotboxshopsocku在开音节中[ju：]studentexcusedutyTuesday在闭音节中[八]upbuscupjumpmuchlunch字母情况发音例词a[]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast[i]orangecomradevillagecabbagee[]hundredstudentopenmoment[i]chickenpocketbeginchildreni[]/[i]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal[ai]exercisesatellite

o[]secondtonightsomebodywelcome[u]alsozerophotou[]autumndifficult［ju（：）］popular读音例词a在［w］音后面[。]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前[a:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigho在-st-ld前[ou]mostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前Rcomemonkeylovemotherar[a:]carfarmdarksharpenerar在［w］音后面[。:]warmquartertowardsor[。:]fortymorningshortor在［w］音后面[:]wordworkerworseerirur[:]herare[£]caredarehareere[i]heremereire[ai]firehirewireore[。:]morescorebefore

ure[ju]ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplayair[£]airhairchairpairrepairal[o：]smallballtalkwallall[。:l]alwaysalsosaltalmostal在fm前[a：]halfcalmau/aw[o:]autumndaughterdrawea[i：]teacheasycheapplease[e]heavybreadsweaterweather[ei]breakgreatear[i]heardearnearclearyear[£]bearpearwearswear[：]earthlearnearlyee[i：]jeepweekgreenthreeeer[i]pioneerdeerbeerei/ey[ei]eightneighbourtheyeu/ew[ju：]newfewnewspapereu/ew在jlr后[u：]flewbrewjewelryie/[s]音后拼写为ei[i：]piecefieldreceiveseizeoa[ou]coatJoanboatgoaloar/oor[o：]roarboarddoorflooroi/oy[oi]noisepointboytoilet

oo[u：]broomfoodtoothschool[u]booklookcookfootgoodow[au]flowerhousecountdown[u]knowrowthrowthoughou[/Jyoungcountryenough[u:]groupyousoupthroughour[:]courseyourfour[au]ourhourours[:]journeyui[ju:i]fluidsuicidetuitionui在jlrs后[u:]juicefruitsuitb[b]bikebusbag[/]bombtomblambclimbc[k]cakepicturecoatmusicc在e前或在i/y前[s]facedecidecinemach[tj]muchchickrichteacher[k]schoolheadachechemistry[f]machineChicago-ck[k]cockpocketblackknockd[d]doctorbreadhandday-dge■]bridgefridgedr-[dr]childrendriverdrink

f[f]fivefourbreakfastg[g]baggardongog在ei/y前&]orangelargeGerman-gh[f]coughenoughroughgh-[g]sorghumspaghettighostgu--gue[g]guessleaguedialogueguitar[gw]languageanguishpenguinh[h]hotheadhousehand[/]hourhonesthonorj&]jeepjarjokejoinJulyk[k]kindbikeskatemakeweekkn-[n]knif