综合英语第三册第一单元知识点Keys-unit1-2-22895

***IV.(PhrasePractice)1.Theyliveduptothetruespiritofsportsmanshipthroughoutthegames.liveupto:tokeeptothehighstandardsofe.g.Didthefilmliveuptoyourexpectation?(=Wasitasgoodasyouexpected?)2.Westartedoffatdawnanheadedfortheseaforsurfing.headfor:movetowards;gotoe.g.“Whereareyouheadingfor?〞“Manchester.〞3.Theytriedtoseekoutthetruthinwhatwassaidinthenewspaper.seekout:Ifyouseekoutsomeoneorsomethingorseekthemout,youkeeplookingforthemuntilyoufindthem.e.g.对于当地公司来说，如今是时候去欧洲寻求商机了。NowisthetimeforlocalcompaniestoseekoutopportunitiesinEurope.4.Youhavetotakeyourdaughtertohospital,asarashhasbrokenoutonherfaceandhands.breakout:(ofwar,fighting,disease,orsimilarlyundesirablethings)startsuddenlye.g.印度尼西亚爆发了森林火灾。ForestfireshavebrokenoutacrossIndonesia.5.Inthedarkness,I_______therightbox.gropedforgropefor:feelorsearchaboutuncertainly(forsomething)byhands;searchuncertainlyorwithdifficulty(forasolution,answer,etc.)e.g.我在黑洞洞的屋里探究着寻找电灯开关。Igropeforthelightswitchinthedarkroom.6.Iwarnedhimrepeatedlythatitwasnogood_______thatkindoftricks________me.trying…ontryon:puton(anarticleofclothing)tofindoutwhetheritfitsorissuitable;testtheefresultofe.g.①你可以试试这件新上衣。Youcantryonthisnewcoat.②人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？Whydopeopleliketotrytheirluckonlottery?7.Ourheartfeltsympathies________therelativesofthevicgoouttoims.(one’sheartorsympathy)goouttosb.:feelsympathytowardssb.andthinkabouttheme.g.他非常同情布莱克曼夫人和她那没有父亲的孩子。HisheartwentouttoMrs.Blackmanandherfatherlesschild.8.Thedrugtraffickerswerearrestedafterthepolicewere________bythelocalresidents.tippedofftipoff:giveanadvancewarningorhintto…e.g.他向警察告密，揭露了恐惧分子的阴谋。1***Hetippedoffthepoliceabouttheterroristplot.V.(Synonym/Antonym)1.Addingtomydistresswasthedistinctimpressionthateveryoneoncampuswaswatchingme.•Antonyms:indistinct,vague2.Withthatthoughtinmind,Iraisedmyhead,squaredmyshoulders,andsetoutinthedirectofmydorm,glancing(andtheneversodiscreetly)atthecampusmapclutchedinmyhand.•Synonyms:carefully,meticulously3.Whatconfidence,whatreserve,whatmuscles!•Synonyms:self-restraint,self-control4.IspenttheafternoonseekingouteachofmyclassroomssothatIcouldmakeaperfectlytimentrancebeforeeachlecturewithouthavingtoaskdumbquestionsaboutitswhereabouts.•Antonyms:clever,intelligent,sensible5.Freshmenmanualsadvisedsittingnearthefront,showingtheprofessorinintelligentandenergeticdemeanor.•Synonyms:manner,behaviour6.IwasevenmoresurprisedwhenIsawwhothepoorsoulwas:theverycomposed,veryupperclassfootballplayerI’dseenjustdaysbefore…•Antonyms:excited,agitated7.IexpectedhimtoslinkoutofthecafeteriaasIhad,butinsteadheturnedaroundandbepreparinganothertray.•Synonym:sneak8.WhatIhadinterpretedasamaliciousattempttoembarrassanaivefreshmanhadbeenmerelyamomentofcollegefun.•Antonyms:mature,sophisticatedVI.1.becamepopular2.respect3.keepup4.leadto5.understand6.found7.use8.start补充：though，although2***Though作连接词时，表示“虽然〞、“尽管〞之意，与另一连词although一样，但在使用场合上有所不同。（一）although的语势比though强，大都用于正式的文体，指已成立的事实；though的语势较弱，一般指设想和假定的情况。例：Hewouldn'ttakeanumbrellaalthoughitwasalreadyraining．虽然当时已在下雨，他还是不愿意拿雨伞。Hewouldn'ttakeanumbrellathoughitshouldraincatsanddogs．虽然有可能会下大雨，他还是不愿意拿雨伞。在西方，不少学者认为，although是though的强调式，正如until是till的强调式；upon是on的强调式一样。〔二〕although在句中大都放在句首的位置，如放在句中〔如上面一例〕，那么表示强调的意味；though放在句首和句中均可〔如上面一例，可将thoughitshouldraincatsanddogs移至句首〕。though假设要加强语势时，可将位置移后形成倒装，例如：Thoughheisyoung，…改为Youngthoughheis，…；Thoughheispoor，…改为Poorthoughhemaybe，…；但不能用although。〔三〕although只能作连词使用；though除作连词外，还可用作副词，表示“然而〞、“但是〞等义，这时候，though一般放在句末。例：Annie'sgrandfatherlovestosmoke．Andhelikesbeertoo．It'simpossibleforhimtolivetobe100．Itwastrue，though．安妮的祖父喜欢抽烟，又喜欢饮啤酒，他不可能活到一百岁，然而，这却是真的，他活到了一百岁。值得注意的是，中国学生由于受汉语“虽然…但是…〞的影响，常犯though〔although〕之后与but连用的错误，但是之后可与nevertheless，still连用。见下例：Thoughbewasill，buthewenttoschool．〔错〕Thoughhewasill，hewenttoschool．〔对〕假设说话人一定要强调“但是〞之意，可以在hewenttoschool之前加个副词yet。另一点要注意的是，词组asthough、eventhough的though不能改作although，因为它们是固定词组。在近代英语中，though作连词使用时，与although的差异已有日渐缩小的倾向，一般说来，though比although使用得普遍得多。3

***nevertheless“尽管如此，然而，不过，仍然〞e.g.Hewastired,buthekeptworkingnevertheless.=Hewastired;nevertheless,hekeptworki尽管他累了，但他还继续工作。(Pp.10-12)课本语法练习答案如下：I.1.c2.d3.b4.f5.a6.e7.h8.gII.1.Mydecisiontoresignwaswise.2.Theirreadinesstoacceptthepeaceagreementreallysurprisedthediplomaticworld.3.Mydeterminationtopassthetesthelpedme.4.Herfailuretogetintocollegedisappointedherparents.5.Mywillingnesstocooperatewasappreciated.6.Hisrefusaltohelpsurprisedme.7.Theproposalthatweshouldimportmoreequipmentistobediscussedatthemeeting.8.Whocanhavetoldyouthatpuzzlesme.III.1—4DBCC5—8ABDBIV.1.IspenttheafternoonseekingouteachofmyclassroomssothatIcouldmakeaperfectlytimedentrancebeforeeachlecture.2.Heworeglassesandafalsebeardsothatnobodywouldrecognizehim.3.ThestrangerspokeveryslowlysothatIcouldunderstandwhathesaid.4.Shelockedthedoorsothatshewouldn’tbedisturbed.5.Johnwhisperedsothatotherscouldn’thearhim.6.Pleasearriveearlysothatwecanstartthemeetingontime.7.Johnhasboughtabicyclesothathemaysavemoneyonbustravel.8.Thelecturershowedsomeslidessothathemightillustratehispoint.V.1.Although/Though2.yet3.however/though4.however/nevertheless/though5.Although/Though；still/nevertheless6.Despite/Inspiteof7.although/though8.however9.However10.Despite/InspiteofVI.1.Wehavetogetthecarfixednomatterwhoyouare.2.Hefinishedallthepaperworkatnomatterhowmuchitcosts.Youcan’tgoinfiveo’clock,gettingup,refillingtheteapot,thenhiscup.Andaddingatouchofskimmedmilk.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,lingaughndtalkingmerrily.4***Writing(p.15)EssayWriting1.AnIntroductionDifferentkindsofessays:descriptive,narrative,expositive,persuasive(orargumentative)Structuralfeatures:adefinablebeginning,middleandending;acentralidea(orthethesis)Whatmakesagoodessay:TaskResponseCoherenceandLexicalGrammaticalCohesionResourceRangeandAccuracyFullyandInformationandAwiderangeofAwiderangeofappropriatelyexplain/ideasarewellvocabularyusedstructuresusedinprove/discusstheorganized,thesiswithclear,presentedinanaccurateanaccurateandandandappropriateappropriatemannerforthemannerfortherelevantandlinkedwell-supportedideasinrequiredlengthtasktask2.SampleWhyKing’sCollege?①ThisparagraphwillexplainwhyIamgoingtoKing’sCollege.②ThefirstreasonIgotoKCisthatitissmall.③Theclassesareeasytogettoontime,andifIhavetoruntothelibrary,cangettherequickly.④Second,KCislocatedinasmalltown.⑤IcanwalkanywhereIwanttogo.⑥Third,thecostofgoingtoKCislow,andmostofthebooksarecheckedouttothestudentinthelibrary.⑦Fourth,theinstructorsarefriendlyandeasytofindduringtheirofficehours.⑧ThisparagraphhasexplainedwhyIamattendingKing’sCollege.SampleAnalysisThesampleisaone-paragraphessay.Sentence①constitutesthebeginningoftheessayandalsoservesasitsthesis.Sentences②-⑦aresupportingideasandmakeupitsbody.Sentence⑧istheendofthisessayandreiteratesitsmainidea.3.PracticeWriteaone-paragraphessayonthegiventopic:WhyIKept________asMyPet.SampleWhyIKeptaCatasMyPet5***Mostpeoplechoosetokeepcatsastheirpetsforsomesimilarreasons.Firstandforemost,thinkcatsarecute.Ilovetoseemycatmewingtobefed.Anditseemscatscandoalotofthwiththeirbody.Theycurlupandburytheirfacewhentheysleep.Theyarchtheirbackinafrightenedanddefensivemode.Andevenfashionmodelstrytoimitate“cat’swalk〞.Second,catsarecleananimals.Theydoatidy-upaftertheyeat.Theycanbetrainedtousecatlittertheyhavetopeeandshitindoors.Third,catsarebetterthandogsinasensethatyoudon’thavetowalkthem,whichcansavemealotoftrouble.Keepingpetscanbearatherpersonalchoiceandmyfirstpetcatwasgivenbymyfatherasabirthdaygift.Translation(P.13)I.1.事实上，不管我如何摆出一副成熟的样子，我感觉自己还是有一点大一新生的菜鸟气。2.新生手册上建议坐在前排，在教授面前摆出一幅聪敏、朝气的架势。3.整整三天，我单独品味的只有耻辱和惭愧。偏巧门口有台快餐机，于是那三天我吃的全是里面各色垃圾食品。4.我曾以为那些笑声是恶意捉弄菜鸟新生的，原来那不过是大学校园里的开心一刻。II.1.听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。(distress)ExplanationIfyoudistresssomeone,youupsetthembydoingorsayingsomethingthatcausesthemtofeelunhappyoralarmed.TranslationItdistressedmeagreatdealtohearthenewsthathehadsufferedrepeatedfailures.Practice①假设我问了你的这一切使你感到苦恼，我很抱歉。I’msorryifI’vedistressedyoubyaskingallthis.②请不要自寻烦恼。Pleasedon’tdistressyourself.2.他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副快乐的样子。(assume)Explanation:Ifyouassumeaparticularexpressionorwayofbehaving,youlookorbehaveinthiswaydeliberatelyinordertogivepeopleaparticularimpression.TranslationHeassumedanairforcheerfulness,eventhoughhelostfavorwithhisboss.6***Practice①文职官员们装出一副军人的样子。Civilservantsassumeacertainmilitaryair.②他装出一副悔过的样子。Heassumedanexpressionofpenitence.3.格列佛〔Gulliver〕经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物。〔assortment〕TranslationGullivermetwithextraordinaryadventuresandsawastrangeassortmentofpeople.4.假设你再犯同样的错误，他会对你非常生气的。(furious)ExplanationWhenyouarefuriouswith/atsb.orsth.,youareextremelyangryorannoyedwithhim/atit.TranslationHewillbefuriouswithyouifyourepeatthesamemistake.Practice①他为没有更早明白这件事而对自己非常生气。Hewasfuriouswithhimselffornotrealizingitsooner.②他因为她所做的事情而大发雷霆。Hewasfuriouswithheratwhatshehaddone.5.我们都被他的坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引。(draw)ExplanationIfsomethingdrawsyou,itissointerestingornoticeablethatyoulookatitormovetowardsit.TranslationWewereallgreatlydrawnbyhisfrankviews,humorouswordsandgenialmanner.Practice①收音机的声音吸引了孩子们的注意。Thenoiseoftheradiodrewthechildren.②这部好莱坞大片为了吸引大批观众，动用了许多大牌明星。TheHollywoodblockbusterhasusedmanybigstarstodrawalargeaudience.6.等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲。(diedown)ExplanationIfsomethingdiesdown,itbecomesverymuchquieterorlessintense.TranslationAfterthecheeringapplausedieddown,theNobelPrizewinnerbeganhisspeech.Practice①她等到笑声渐渐停顿。Shewaiteduntilthelaughterhaddieddown.②既然这名妇女已经死了，这些闲言碎语也将很快消失。Thegossipwillsoondiedownnowthatthewomanisdead.7.他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力，因此，他很少随大流。(runwiththecrowd)TranslationHeisgiftedwithasortofinsightandforesight,soherarelyrunswiththecrowd.7

***8.我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活。(liveupto)ExplanationIfsomeoneorsomethinglivesuptowhattheywereexpectedordesiredtobeordo,theyareasgoodastheywereexpectedordesiredtobe.TranslationIfeelrealitiesareafterallveryharsh,soonlivecanhardlyupentirelytohisideals.Practice①这部电影没有我期望的那么好。Thefilmdidn’tliveuptomyexpectations.②你没能实现自己的诺言。Youhavefailedtoliveuptyourpromises.III.我上大学的头几天颇为难忘。爸妈驾车分开，将我单独留在校园里，我手足无措。不管如何努力装成熟，我就是摆脱不了大一新生的感觉。我花了好几个小时，搞清了我选修课程所在的各个教室。第二天早上，我坐在教室的前排，翻开美国文学选集，抖擞精神准备听课。但老师却说“欢迎选修生物课〞，我意识到自己坐错了教室。我用铁一样的意志，摆出了一幅生物专业学生的姿态，一直坚持到讲座完毕。下课以后，我感到我的胃需要加点营养，于是匆匆赶往自助餐厅。但不幸的是，当我端着餐盘朝着桌子走去时，脚底一滑，盘子翻倒，我失去了平衡，扑倒在地上。好几天，我都倍感羞辱。过后，我渐渐地意识到自己把这种微缺乏道的小事看得过重了。在大学里，重要的是做自然的“我〞，发现真正的“我〞，而不是试图把一切都做得尽善尽美。ExercisesforIntegratedSkills(p.14)1.DictationTherearegenerallytwoeducationalmethods:/thelecturemethodandthegrouplearningmethod./Inalectureclassroom,/theteacherdominatestheclass/bydoingmostofthetalkinStudentslistenandtakenotes./Thismethodisbestatpassingoncontenttostudents./Itprstudentsforasociety/thatvaluesdisciplineandself-control./Theproblemisthatstudentsmostofthefacts/thattheyhavemechanicallymemorized./Incontrast,/theteacherofaglearningclassroom/appearstohavenodefiniteroleatall,/wanderingaboutfromgrouptogroup./Studentsdonotmemoriseinformation,/buttheyactivelygeneratetheirownideas,/eacontributinginsightsforthesuccessofthegroup./Thismethodpreparesstudentsforasociethatvaluescreativeideas./Thedisadvantageisthat/studentshavenotmemorisedenoughbasfacts.2.FillineachblankinthepassagebelowwithONEwordyouthinkappropriate.Academicsuccess(1)________inmanyforms.Formoststudents,it’sastellartranscriptthatopensdoorsintogreatjobsorgreatgraduateschools.For(2)________,academicsuccessalsincludes(3)________happensoutsideoftheclassroom.Withsomuch(4)________onin8***college,though,howcanyoumakesureyou’reheadeddownapathtowardtrueacademicsuccess—andtowardatrulyrewardingcollegeexperience?Youmayarriveatcollegeknowingthatyouaredestinedtobecomeateacher,alawyer,adoctor,oranengineer.Oryoumayarrive(5)________havingtheslightestideaaboutwhatyouwanttomajorin.Nomatterwhichendofthespectrumyou’reon,however,youshouldletyourselfexploreeverythingthatyourschoolhasto(6)________academically.Takeclassesinsubjectyou’venevertakenbefore.Followapassionthatdoesn’t(7)________toyourmajor.Justletyourselfreallylearnfromyourenvironment.Therewillundoubtedlybealotofpeoplegiviyouadviceaboutwhatyoushoulddoduringandafter(8)________.Andwhileyoumaybeinschooltolearn,youwill,atsomepoint,havetodrawyourownlineinthesand.Pickacareercourseofstudythatsuitsyou,(9)________yourparents.Payattentiontothefireinyourbandlearnwhatyou’retrulypassionateabout.Makesureyou’rehappyatyourschool.Andonceyou’vemadeachoice,feelconfidentinyourdecisionanddoallyoucanto(10)________fromtheresourcesaroundyou.Keys(1)comes(2)others(3)what(4)going(5)not(6)offer(7)relate(8)college(9)not(10)learn说明：(1)Thissentencelacksapredicateofintransitiveverb,meaning“tohappen〞or“tooccur〞.(2)Afterformoststudents,hereanechoingstructureisnaturallyexpected.(3)Grammaticallyspeaking,inthissentence,includesneedsanobjectwhereashappensoutsidetheclassroomatthesametimerequiresforasubject.Intermsofthemeaning,itcanbeinferredfromthecontextas“academicsuccessalsoincludesthethingthathappensoutsidetheclassroom〞.Apronoun,whichleadsanobjectclauseandfunctionsas“thethingthat〞,isrequiredhere.(4)Herefollowingwithsomuch,anounorgerundisexpected.Incollegeisaseparatephrase,leavingonpendingtocombinewiththepreviousmissingword,whichhintsataphrasethatmeansalotofthingsaretakingplaceorhappening.(5)Youmayarriv