A4纸江苏省前黄中学2019-2020学年高三英语试卷

#省前中2020届高三下学期期初考试英语试卷20200229一听力(1*20)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。Whoistheman?A.Astudent. B.Asalesman. C.Apoliceman.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?Cancelthemeeting.Changethetimeofthemeeting.Skipthemeeting.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?Hehasneverbeenacrosstheocean.Hedoesnotunderstandwhatthewomanmeans.Helikesmathematicsalot.Whatkindofjobwouldthewomanprefer?A.Anyjobwithahighsalary.B.Anaveragejobwithanicesalary.C.Anexcitingjobwithanaveragesalary.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theweather. B.Whathappenedlastnight.C.Sleepingproblems.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。 听每段对话或独白前， 你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第 6、7题。Whatisspecialaboutthemeal?A.Theamountoffood.B.Thepriceoffood.C.Thekindoffood.A.Theamountoffood.B.Thepriceoffood.C.Thekindoffood.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Tryadessert. B.Tryhisfavoritemeat.听第7Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Tryadessert. B.Tryhisfavoritemeat.听第7段材料，回答第 8至10题。C.Eatasmuchaspossible.Whatdidthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Takeabreak.B.Takemorepictures.C.Showhimthephotos.A.Takeabreak.B.Takemorepictures.C.Showhimthephotos.Whydidthemancomplain?Thebeachwasdirty.Therewerenopicturesofhim.Theweatherwasbad.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?Thewomanisveryselfish.ThemanwillcopyhispicturesintohisPC.

Thespeakersareonvacation.听第8段材料，回答第 11至13题。Whydoesthemanwishtobreakupwithhisgirlfriend?Sheisnotasprettyassheoncewas.Theydon’tgetalongwell.Hewillmovesoon.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthematter?Themanshouldnottakethejob.Themanmightbereasonable.Themanshouldmaintainthisrelationship.Howdoesthemanthinkhisgirlfriendwillfeelathisdecision?A.Sad.听第9段材料，回答第 14至17A.Sad.听第9段材料，回答第 14至17题。Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Somesaucepans.Whendidshefirstseethem?A.Thismorning.Whatdidthemanaskthewomantodo?Havealookatthewindowdisplay.Checkallthekitchenwareinstock.Describetheitemshewanted.Howmightthewomanfeelintheend?A.Disappointed.听第10段材料，回答第 18至20题。Whathappenedtotheelderlygentleman?A.Hegotstuckinthedoorsofthetrain.C.Hewasseriouslyinjuredonthetrain.WhatdoweknowaboutthegentlemanA.Shewasingreatpanic.Whoofferedtohelpsolvetheproblem?Thespeakerandtwoothermen.B.Calm.Somefryingpans.B.Yesterday.B.Excited.B.Hemissedthetrain.’swife?B.Shecriedforhelp.Theconductor.C.Happy.Someplates.C.Somedaysago.C.Surprised.C.Sheremainedcalm.C.Nobody.二单项选择 (1*15)Ifyouseethingsinanegativelight，youwillfindfaultseverywhereandproblemswheretherearereally .A.none B.some C.many D.nothingIntheforest,soundisthebestmeansofcommunicationoverdistance incomparisonwithlight,itwon’tbeblockedbytreeswhentravelling.A.while. B.because C.unless D.thoughI’msellingmye-bikefor$90.Thisisaqualitybicycleandisdefinitelyworththisprice,aquarterof Ipurchaseditforlastyear.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.howA.whichB.whatC.thatD.howNomanisuselessinthisworldlightenstheburdensofsomeoneelse.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.asTheanswergivenbythefilmstardidn'tcompletelysatisfythewomanrepornodbedsneacceptance.A.relevantB.reliableC.reluctantNomanisuselessinthisworldlightenstheburdensofsomeoneelse.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.asTheanswergivenbythefilmstardidn'tcompletelysatisfythewomanrepornodbedsneacceptance.A.relevantB.reliableC.reluctantD.reasonable26.Theyshouldhaveinformedyouoftheoutcomeofthecontestbythetimeitwasgiven,A.hadn'ttheyB.didn'ttheyC.shouldn'ttheyD.haven'ttheyA.hadn'ttheyB.didn'ttheyC.shouldn'ttheyD.haven'tthey27.ThePeople'sBankofChinahasissuedasetof“r-uprmanoddopiensigDutthecoinswillnotbein27.ThePeople'sBankofChinahasissuedasetof“r-uprmanoddopiensigDutthecoinswillnotbeinA.recognitionB.translationC.circulationD.transportationA.recognitionB.translationC.circulationD.transportation28.“Thoseesponsiblefortheaccidentbepunishedwhilethosecontributingtosolvingtheproblemsbe28.“Thoseesponsiblefortheaccidentbepunishedwhilethosecontributingtosolvingtheproblemsberewarded,A.must“promisedtheofficialthenandthere.B.mayC.shallrewarded,A.must“promisedtheofficialthenandthere.B.mayC.shallD.should29.Thecollegeannouncedthestudentsexchangeprogram,mostofapplicationforms.studentshavingsubmittedtheir29.Thecollegeannouncedthestudentsexchangeprogram,mostofapplicationforms.studentshavingsubmittedtheirA.themB.whichC.whoseD.its30.TheBBChascreatedamodern-daySherlockHolmesseries,ArthurConanDoyle'populardetectiveintothepresent.A.tohavebroughtQualityandcustomizedembracingthetrendofanB.havingbrought

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aintelligenthomeC.bringingamongurbanD.broughthouseholdsinChinaascitiesareA.catchingupA.themB.whichC.whoseD.its30.TheBBChascreatedamodern-daySherlockHolmesseries,ArthurConanDoyle'populardetectiveintothepresent.A.tohavebroughtQualityandcustomizedembracingthetrendofanB.havingbrought

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aintelligenthomeC.bringingamongurbanD.broughthouseholdsinChinaascitiesareA.catchingupB.catchingonC.cateringtoAnewfunctionofChina'sofficialtrainticketbookingwebsiteD.carryingthroughboosobuyers'chancesofobtainingaticketduringtheupcomingSpringFestivaltravelrush.A.willbeexpected33.NotuntilathirdtimeB.expects C.hasbeenexpectedD.isexpectedA.willbeexpected33.NotuntilathirdtimeB.expects C.hasbeenexpectedD.isexpectedthathehadgivenbirthtothereadingsystemfortheblindcalledBraille.A.LouisBrailletried,heannouncedB.didLouisBrailletry;heannouncedA.LouisBrailletried,heannouncedB.didLouisBrailletry;heannouncedC.LouisBrailletried;didheannounceD.hadLouisBrailletried,hadheannouncedC.LouisBrailletried;didheannounceD.hadLouisBrailletried,hadheannounced34.ThemarketingstrategyA.targetingattheold,thoughwellorganized,turnedouttobeacompletefailure.B.targetedatC.havingtargetedD.totarget34.ThemarketingstrategyA.targetingattheold,thoughwellorganized,turnedouttobeacompletefailure.B.targetedatC.havingtargetedD.totarget35.Davewasa.Becauseofhismisconductinclass,thewholeclasshadtostayafterschool.35.Davewasa.Becauseofhismisconductinclass,thewholeclasshadtostayafterschool.A.wetblanket完型填空(1*20)A.wetblanket完型填空(1*20)B.leadinglightC.blacksheepD.darkhorseAsisnewlydiscovered,happypeoplealsoworkinadifferentstyle.They'remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence__36__firmswork,too.'sbecausehappinessislinkerCompanieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.__37firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).Thatkindoflonger-termthinking__38__formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.'sbecausehappinessislinkerTheresearcherswantedtoknowifthe_39_andwillingnessforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappiness'averagehappiness__41__byGwould__40__thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.citiespollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.'averagehappiness__41__byG__42__enough,firms ’investmndenRt&aDdegreewereconnectedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere__43__.Butisitreallyhappinessthat ’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiecities__44__whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledvarious__45__thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest-likesize,industry,andsales-andindicatorsthataplacewas__46__tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally__47__evenafteraccountingforthesethings.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors__48__to “lessfixeddecisionmakingprocess ”andthepossiblepresenceof __49__“maynoaugnegresrandlesswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbyfeeling. ”Therelationshipwas__50__strongerinplaceswherehappinwasspreadmore__51__.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.__52__thisdoesn’ptrovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast__53__thatpossibility.It ’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandfeelingw__54__howmanagersthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsreasonablethathappypeoplewouldbemoreorward-thinkingandcreativeand__55__R&Dmorethantheaverage,”36.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why37.A.InparticularB.InconclusionC.InreturnD.Incontrast38.A.perfectB.sufficientC.necessaryD.famous39.A.modernismB.realismC.individualismD.optimism40.A.spoilB.recallC.changeD.miss41.A.measuredB.assumedC.imaginedD.invented42.A.UnfortunateB.OddC.SureD.Often43.A.advertisedB.situatedC.absorbedD.divided44.A.predictB.explainC.summarizeD.emphasize45.A.factorsB.methodsC.stagesD.levels46.A.reliableB.sociableC.affordableD.desirable47.A.restartedB.appearedC.heldD.broke48.A.referB.oweC.transformD.compare49.A.sensitiveB.civilizedC.experiencedD.ambitious50.A.thusB.insteadC.neverD.also51.A.rapidlyB.equallyC.directlyD.regularly52.A.AfterB.SinceC.WhileD.Until53.A.indicatesB.losesC.strikesD.gains54.A.simplifyB.shareC.rediscoverD.shape55.A.tendtowardsB.prayforC.giveawayD.sendoutsaidoneresearcher.四阅读理解(2*15)请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A撰貂1NEWYEAR'SRESOLUTIONTHATLASTSIHtHADIILUOPLet'ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.Howdoyoumakethathappen?Considerputtingthehabitlooptouse.Here'showitworks:Ahabitisa3-stepprocess.First,there 'sacue,somettellsyourbraintooperateautomatically.ThenthereAndfinally,areward,whichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesiretheVtMl?behavior.Itswhatyoucanu।-orbreak-habitsofyourown.Here'showtoapplyit:Chooseacue,likeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoor,thenpickarewardsay,apieceofchocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Thatway,thecueandtherewardbecomeinterconnected.Finally,whenyouseetheshoes,yourbrainwillstartlongingforthereward,whichwillmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.Thebestpart?Inacoupleofweeks,youwon'tneedthechocolateatall.YourbrainwillcometoseetheparixhET.¥mi<onplawdAlXaflibeie(*nukr«■NewYitarLet'ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.Howdoyoumakethathappen?Considerputtingthehabitlooptouse.Here'showitworks:Ahabitisa3-stepprocess.First,there 'sacue,somettellsyourbraintooperateautomatically.ThenthereAndfinally,areward,whichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesiretheVtMl?behavior.Itswhatyoucanu।-orbreak-habitsofyourown.Here'showtoapplyit:Chooseacue,likeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoor,thenpickarewardsay,apieceofchocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Thatway,thecueandtherewardbecomeinterconnected.Finally,whenyouseetheshoes,yourbrainwillstartlongingforthereward,whichwillmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.Thebestpart?Inacoupleofweeks,youwon'tneedthechocolateatall.YourbrainwillcometoseetheparixhET.¥mi<onplawdAlXaflibeie(*nukr«■NewYitar、nMtatMkn.OitfrbtwHiekBirttbrnwEcwjwIm< thebflrfjrryzT9MlffM(4)(Jnh的farIxwJ虐fQij1ThtewftiBhiJfn1intmfertoYburcwrrnwKtaJrmJFJViWutlWUtej)KM1HowdoiffI/乒室workoutitselfasthereward.Whichisthewholepoint,right?patthikpLulwfiore

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towriteitcktwn1Whichofthefollowingbestfitsintheboxwitha?”inTHEHABITLOOP?A.Pickanewcue. B.Formanewhabit.C.Chooseanewreward. D.Designanewresolution.What'sthepurposeofputtingthehabitlooptouse?Totestoutdifferentkindsofcues.ToworkoutthebestNewYear'sresolution.Tomotivateyourselfwithsatisfactoryrewards.Todosomethingasahabitevenwithoutrewards.BAftermypubiclecturesonevolution,someoneintheaudienceasks, “Arewestillevolving?knowifhumansaregettingtaller,smarter,betterlookingormoreathletic.Myansweristruthfulbutdisappointing:Wdrealmostcertainlyevolving,butwedon 'tknowinwhatdirectionorhowfast.Wdveseensomeevolutioninourspeciesoverthepastfewmillennia(千年),butitwasdetectedbyreconstructinghistoryfromDNAsequences.Forexample,weknowthatduringthepast10,000years,severalpopulationsofhumans-thosekeepingsheep,cowsorgoatsformilk-gainedtheabilitytodigestdairyproducts.Thistraitwasuselessinourearlierancestorswho,afterbabyhood,neverencounteredmilk.Andinthepast3,000years,Tibetanshaveacquiredgeneticadaptationsthatallowedthemtodevelopwellintheirhigh-altitude,low-oxygenhome.Butthesewell-documentedchangesarelimitedtoparticularpopulations,sotheevidenceforrecentevolutionofourentirespecies,remainsnotmuch.Theauthorsof“EvolvingOurselves"disagree.Notonly,theyclaim,areweevolvingfasterthanever,butwe'redoingittoourselves.JuanEnriquezandSteveGullansarguethathumanshavecontrolledevolutionnotjustinourownspeciesbutvirtuallyinallspecies: "Forbetterorworse,weareincreasinglyincharge.Wearetheprimarydriversofchange.Wewilldirectlyandindirectlydeterminewhatlives,whatdies,where,andwhen.Weareinadifferentphaseofevolution:thefutureoflifeisnowinourhands.”Accordingtotheauthors,we'vereplacednaturalselectionwithwhattheycall“unnaturalselection.”Overfishing,forexample,hasreducedtheaveragesizeofmanyfishspecies,fortakingthebiggestfishselectsinfavorofthosethatreproducewhenyoungerandsmaller.Yetwhilethere'nodoubtthatwe'rechangingtheplanet,theclaimthatwe'recompletelychangingevolutionontheplanetdoesnotfollow.Let 'stakethosefishthatareevolvingtoreproducesmallerandyoungeThisphenomenonhasbeendocumentedinmanyspeciesthatweeat,butthisisjustaminusculefraction（极小的一部分）ofthe30,000knownspeciesoffish.Theauthorsspeakwithunwarrantedassuranceabouthowourspeciesisevolvinginresponsetonearlyeverything.Whentheyassert,forexample,ouringestion（摄取）ofdrugsandexposuretochemicalsmeanthat“ourchildren'sbrainsareevolvingfast, "theyareoverplayingtheirhandandabusingthewordchildrenbrsinsmaybechangingfastinresponsetothenewpharmacological（药理学的）environment,butchangealoneisnotevolution.ThetwoexamplesinParagraph2aregivento.showinwhatdirectionhumansevolveexplaintheimportanceofDNAsequencesillustratetheevidenceforevolutionofourentirespeciesisinsufficientdemonstratehowslowhumanshaveevolvedoverthepastfewmillenniaTheauthorsof“EvolvingOurselves"claimthat.humansdominatethefutureofotherlifefishbecomesmallerbecauseofnaturalselectionhumansaretoblameforchangingtheplanetfortheworsetheboundarybetweennaturalselectionandunnaturalselectionisunfixed60.Whatisthemajorquestiondiscussedinthepassage?A.Arehumansstillevolving B.Isunnaturalselectionpowerful?C.Arehumansthemaindriverofevolution? D.Doesevolutionrequiremanygeneticchanges?CDishonestyisaslipperyslope.Ifyoubehavedishonestlyonce,youmaybecomemorelikelytodosoagaininthefuture,anewstudyfromEnglandshowed.Thereasonmaybethatthebraingrowslesssensitivetoself-servingdishonestbehaviorovertime,theresearchersaid.Inthestudy,theresearchersasked80adultsaged18to65toadviseasecondpersonabouttheamountofmoneyinaglassjarofpennies.Inseveralofthetrials,conditionsmadesuredishonestybenefitedtheparticipants.Forexample,theresearchersmightpromisetheparticipantsahigherrewardiftheirpartnersoverestimatedthenumberofpenniesinthejar.People'sdishonestyescalated^级）overthecourseofthesetrials. "Thisstudyisthefirstexperimentalevidencethatdishonestbehaviorescalates, “saidNeilGarrett,theleadauthorofthestudyandanexperimentalpsychologyresearcheratUniversityCollegeLondon.With25oftheparticipants,theresearchersconductedthepenny-jarexperimentswhileafunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging（fMRI）machinescannedtheperson'sbrain.Theresultsshowedthattheamygdala,apartofthebrainconnectedtoemotions,showedamarkedreductioninactivityinresponsetoself-servingdishonestyoverthecourseofthetrials.Infact,researchersfoundthattheamountofthereductionintheamygdala’asctivityforeachtrialcouldpredicttheamountthattheparticipant’sdishonestywouldincreasebyinthenexttrial:Themoretheamygdalaactivityreducesduringonetrial,thebiggertheliewouldbethenexttime.“Itislikelythatbrain’sbluntedresponsetorepeatedactsofdishonestyreflectsareducedemotionalresponsetotheseacts, ”Garrettsaid.Thestudyalsoofferssupportfortheideathattheactivityintheamygdala （厌恶） to“ascitgsnalsaversionthatweconsiderwrongorimmoral, ”Garrettsaid.Inotherwords,wheneverapersonliesfoonraplegrasin,theamygdalaproducesanegativefeelingthathelpscontrolthatact—butthemoreoftenapersonlies,themoretheresponsefades,leadingtoaslipperyslopethatmayencourageanescalationofdishonestbehavior.Peopleinthestudyactuallyliedthemostwhentheirliesbenefitedboththemandtheirpartners.bebecauseitiseasiertorationalizetheselies, ”saidTailSharot,theseniorauthorofthestudyandanassoprofessorofcognitiveneuroscienceatUniversityCollegeLondon.Inthiscondition,theamygdaladidnotshowthesameresponsepatternaswhenpeopleliedsimplytobenefitthemselves.Interestingly,though,theresearchersfoundthatstudyparticipantsneverliedasmuchastheycouldhave.Participantsest’imatesofthevalueofthecoinsinthejarwerealwayssignificantlylowerthantheceiling,meaningthattheindividuals “alwayshadanopportunitytoliemorethantheyactuallydid, ”texplainedthatpeopleusuallyliebyjustalittlebit,perhapssotheycanstillholdarelativelypositiveperceptionofthemselves.“Still,theresultsmayhaveimportantimplicationsforothertypesofdecision-making,suchasrisk-takingorviolentbehavior,”theresearcherssaid. how“thTehpeorsessiubltesdsangersofregularengagementinsmallactsofdishonesty,risksthatarefrequentlyobservedinfieldsrangingfrombusinesstopoliticsandlawenforcement,thescientistswroteintheirfindings. “Thestudysuggeststhlaietsrempaeyatpeadvsemthaellwayforlargerliesovertime,”theresearcherssaid.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?Dishonestycanchangeapersonastimegoeson.Dishonestymakesaperson’sbrainlesssensitive.Dishonestymakesapersontendtofeelashamed.Dishonestymayleadtomoredishonestbehavior.62.Accordingtothestudy,lieseasilyoccurwhen .A.liesbenefitthosewhotell lies B. peoplehavebeenliedtoC.peoplehavenochoicebuttolie D. bothsidesbenefitfromtheseliesItcanbeinferredthatthestudyinthepassage .A.makesnosense B. isnotreliableC.isverysignificant D. isquitecomprehensiveWhichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Liesdevelopmorelies B.DishonestyisbadmannersC.Thebrainisuseddishonestly D.ThebrainislesssensitivetoliesDLawsandMoralityAlllaws,whetherprescriptive（约定俗成的 ）orprohibitive,legislatemorality.Alllaws,regardlessoftheircontentortheirintent,arisefromasystemofvalues,fromabeliefthatsomethingsarerightandotherswrong,thatsomethingsaregoodandothersbad,andthatsomethingsarebetterandothersworse.Intheformulationandenforcement（实施）oflaw,thequestionisneverwhetherornotmoralitywillbelegislated,butwhichone.Thatquestionisfundamentallyimportantbecausenotallsystemsofmoralityareequal.Somearewise,butothersarefoolish.Forbetterorworse,everypieceoflegislationtouchesdirectlyorindirectlyonmoralissues,orisbasedonmoraljudgmentsandevaluationsconcerningwhatwewantorbelieveoughttobe,andwhatweoughttoproduceandpreserve.Sometimesthosewhoresistlegislatingmoralitydosonotbecausetheyobjecttothemoralitybeinglegislated,butbecausetheyvaluefreedomandwishtodefendit.Theydonotseemtounderstand,however,thattheirallegedly（宣称地）morals-freeproposalswillbethedeathofthefreedomtheyvalue,notitsprotection.Withouttheguidanceandconstraintofmorallyinformedlaws,libertydegenerates（退化 ）intomerelicense,whichisnotthesameaspoliticalfreedom.Onesimplycannotrejectmoralauthorityandyetliveinanorderlyworld.Whenapeoplebanishmoralityfromthepublicsquare,theygivebirthtoanoutlawculture,nottofreedom.Becausehumannatureiswhatitis,withoutgreatvolumesofenforceablelaws,politicalfreedomisshort-lived,andfinallyimpossible.AlmostnooneintheSouthtodayarguesthatslaveryismoral,eventhoughmanyoftheirgreat-grandparentsthoughtitwasand,asaresult,ownedotherhumanbeingsasproperty.Whatstandsbetweentoday'ssuthernAmericansandtheirslave-owningancestorsismorals-basedlaws,specificallytheCivilRightslawsofthemid-twentiethcentury,allofwhichhelpedradicallytoreshapethebehaviorandbeliefsofthosewhogrewupintheirwake.Similarly,beforeprohibitiontheaverageannualconsumptionofalcoholinAmericawasnearlythreegallonsperperson.Afterprohibitionthatnumberfelltoslightlylessthanonegallon.Whilelegislatingmoralityisaninevitability,Iamnotsayingallsinsoughttobemadecrimes.Nogovernmentcouldeffectivelyenforcelawsagainstso-called“whitelies”,eventhoughsuchactivitiesaresinful.Wearenotbornintotheworldasgoodandcompetentcitizens.Thecivicvirtuesandpublicresponsibilitiesthatdefinegoodcitizenshipmustbeacquired.Theyneedtobelearned.Inthatsense,weallenterthisworldunequippedbynaturalendowmentforeffectivecitizenshipandself-government.Thisiswhyoneoftheoldestpoliticalinsightsavailabletousisthatwearealwaysonlyonegenerationfrombarbarism.Everynewlyborngenerationneedstobecivilized,orculturallyhousebroken.Thosenecessarybutunnaturalsocialskillsandcivicvirtuesrequirenurtureandguidancefortheirgrowth--evenfortheirexistence.Consequently,moraleducationisaprerequisite（必备条件）forasoundandflourishingcivilsociety.Lawsdivorcedfrommoralitycannotaccomplishthattask.Instead,morals-freelawsteachthecitizensthatmoralconductisnotnecessary,eitherfortheirownhappinessorfortheestablishmentandcontinuationofagoodsocietyandcivilorder.Perhapsananalogy（类比）willservetoclarifythepoint:computerprogrammersemploytheacronymagigo,“derivedfromthefirstlettersofthewords agarbagein,garbageout,"aprogrammersthatnobadprogramyields（产生）goodresults.What'stheauthor'sunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenlawsandmorality?A.Moralityvarieswithlaws. B.Lawsarebasedonmorality.C.Lawsaresuperiortomorality. D.Moralityarisesfromthepracticeoflaws.Accordingtothepassage,politicalfreedomcanbemaintainedby.A.creatinganoutlawculture B.supportingmorals-freeproposalsC.praisingthenatureofhumanbeings D.enforcingmorallyinformedlawsTheauthormentionedtheexamplesof “slavery"and"alcohol"toprovethatlawscanforcepeopletobehaveinaparticularwaypeopleusedtomisunderstandthemeaningofmoralsmoralstandardshavebeenchangingsinceancienttimespeopleaddictedtoalcoholaremorelikelytochallengemoralsWhat'stheauthor'sattitudetocardsso"whitelies"?A.Critical. B.Indifferent. C.Tolerant.D.Cautious.Theunderlinedword “barbarism"inthelastbutoneparagraphprobablymeans “A.anabsolutelynewinsight B.anadvancedcivilizationC.awell-regulatedsociety D.anuncivilizedandrudestateTheauthorusesthewords “garbagein,garbageout"toshowthat.somesocialsystemscanbeeasilyabandonedasocietywithbadlawsturnsouttobeabadonecitizensareresponsibleforbuildingagoodsocietyestablishingaharmonioussocietyisreallydifficult第II卷（非选择题，共35分）第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Themostcommonuseofintelligencetestscoresistopredictdegreeofacademicsuccess.Suchscoresareusedinsomecommunitiesasbasesforadmittingablechildrentoschoolsatagesyoungerthannormal,andtheyareverygenerallyusedtodetermineadmissionstoschoolsbeyondpublicsecondaryschool.Anotherusecommoninelementaryschoolsinvolvescomparingsuchscoreswithperformancesinvarioussubjectstoidentifychildrenwhoareworkingbelowcapacity.Thegreatestprobleminusingintelligencetestsforthepurposeofpredictionisthatnodependablecriterionoftheiraccuracyexists.Theidealcriteriawouldbeobjectiveandreliableachievementtestsfollowinginstructionsineachsubject,buttherearefewsuchtests,especiallyatthecollegelevel.Studieshaveshownthatcorrelations(相关性)betweenintelligencetestsandachievementtestsinvarioussubjectsthroughsecondaryschoolrangeroughlyfrom0.5to0.8.Suchcorrelationsarefairlyhigh,buttheydonotsuggestanywherenearcompleteagreement.Atthecollegeleveltherearetwomajortestsusedascriteriaofadmission.ByfarthemoreimportantistheCollegeEntranceExamination,constructedbytheEducationalTestingServiceauthorizedbytheCollegeEntranceExaminationBoard.ThesetestsarereturnedtotheEducationalTestingServiceforscoring,andtheresultsa