高中英语语法精讲突破系列三

三、形容词、副词和比较等级阅读下面短文,根据本部分语法内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Somepeoplethinkthattheywillgetilliftheyusetheirbrains1.___

much.Itisnottrue.Throughmanystudies,scientistsshowusthatthe2._____(much)youuseyourbrain,thebetteritwillbeandthe3._______(clever)youwillbecome.

toomoreclevererOfcourse,ifyouwanttokeepyourmind4._____

(clearly)andactive,youmusttakeaproperrestandstudy5.________(proper).Totheteenagers,usingtheirbrainsinthemorningis6._____(well)fortheirhealth.

clearproperlygoodTherearemanywaystorest.Oneisa7.________

(peace)rest.Sleepisapeacefulrest.Anotherisan8._____(act)rest.Forexample,takeawalk9.________

(outdoor)anddosomeexerciseeveryday.Tochangethewayofbrains’activitiesisalsoagoodwaytorest.

peacefulactiveoutdoorsIneverydaylife,eatingsomeeggs,meat,freshvegetablesandfruitisalsogoodforthebrains.Wishyouawisemananda10.______(happily)life.

happy考点1形容词和副词的词性转换1.形容词后缀(1)-able:①v.+able:reliable,eatable,enjoyable,movable等。②n.+able:valuable,reasonable,knowledgeable等。(2)-ible:terrible,horrible,invisible,possible等。(3)-al:international,mental,medical,natural,general等。(4)-ant或-ent:instant,distant,constant,important,patient,different,absent等。(5)-ed或-ing:interested,interesting,pleased,pleasing等。(6)-en:wooden,golden,spoken,written,mistaken等。(7)-ern:eastern,southern,western,northern等。(8)-ful:①n.+ful:colorful,beautiful,helpful,powerful等。②v.+ful:forgetful,careful等。(9)-less:fearless,harmless,useless,helpless等。(10)-ly:friendly,lovely,daily,weekly等。(11)n./v.+(i)ous:curious,dangerous,various,anxious等。(12)-some:handsome,troublesome,tiresome等。(13)n.+-y:funny,lucky,snowy,rainy,dusty等。2.形容词前缀(1)un-:unhappy,unfair,unimportant,uncomfortable,unnecessary等。(2)im-:impossible,impolite,impatient等。(3)in-:inactive,inconvenient,incorrect等。(4)dis-:disabled,dishonest等。(5)ir-:irregular,irresponsible等。(6)il-:illegal等。3.副词后缀(1)一般都是

adj.+-ly构成,如quick→quickly等。(2)“辅音字母+y结尾”的形容词,将y改为i再加-ly,如easy→easily等。(3)以“le”结尾的形容词,去e加-y,如simple→simply,gentle→gently等。(4)以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词,去e加-ly,如true→truly等。(5)以“ll”结尾的形容词只加-y,如full→fully等。【题组训练】Englishisthelanguageoftechnology,_________(especial)hightechnologylikecomputerscience,genetics,andmedicine.世纪金榜导学号97862292especially2.Ifasecondchildisallowed,the__________(tradition)preferenceforboysisexpectedtobelessofaproblem.3._____________(approximate),100gramsofchocolateorlessadayisalreadyenoughaccordingtostudies.traditionalApproximately考点2比较等级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er,-est构成,如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表:

特殊情况构成方式例词以不发音的e结尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾,再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottest②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily(2)不规则形式good/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—worse—worst2.比较等级的用法(1)基本用法①两者相比,表示“和……一样”,用“as+原级+as”表示。Helearnsasquicklyashisclassmates.他和他的同学学得一样快。【点津】在同等比较级中,若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。Ourneighborhasasbigahouseasours.②两者相比,表示“不如……”,用“notas/so+原级+as”。Unfortunately,mywifeisn’tsofondofthemasIam.③两者相比,表示“比……更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不比……更”,用“not+比较级+than”。SeekinginformationontheInternetismoreconvenientthansearchinginalibrary.④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级+比较范围”。Duringthe1990s,MichaelJordanwasprobablythebest-knownbasketballplayerintheworld.(2)特殊用法①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。Inmanywaysmydisabilityhasmademegrowmoreandmoreindependent.②“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。ThemoreupsetIgot,thelessIwasabletoconcentrate.③“more+原级+than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。Thegirlwasmorefrightenedthanhurt.④“morethan+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能;……不能”。ThebeautyofthecityismorethanIcandescribe.⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheardabetteronebefore.Ican’tagreemore.⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型a....倍数+as+原级+as...HecanrunthreetimesasfastasJohn.b....倍数+比较级+than...Thistableisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.c....倍数+thesize/length/width/height,etc.+of...Thistableisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.【题组训练】(2017·巢湖模拟)MostcomputerapplicationsareinEnglish,soyouwillunderstandthem______(good).2.Forexample,itisthoughtthatmanyphysicalproblemsandotherconditionsaremade_____(bad)byanincreasedlevelofstress.betterworse3.(2017·太原模拟)Astheeveninggrew______(dark),IantoldJeremytoleavehimandgobacktohisparents,buthestilldidnotleave.darker词性转换与语法填空【考题再现】(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.officially2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks________(regular).3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich_________(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.世纪金榜导学号97862293regularlygradually【技法点拨】1.利用句子成分定词性:看到空格词作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语,要想到用形容词;看到空格词作状语,要想到用副词。2.利用修饰语功能定词性:看到空格词修饰名词,要想到用形容词;看到空格词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语,要想到用副词。

词性转换与短文改错【考题再现】(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady._______________steady→steadily2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.___________3.(2016·四川高考)ThedishesthatIcookedwereMom’sfavoritest._________________freely→freefavoritest→favorite【技法点拨】1.如果修饰名词,要用形容词;如果修饰动词、形容词、副词和分词应为副词。2.作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语,要想到应为形容词;作状语应为副词。

比较等级与语法填空【考题再现】(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof_______(great)andlessimportance.greater2.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Afewhours____________,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,withits