海水与卤水成份分析

1海水与卤水：1、海水中主要成分和主要盐类：海水中已觉察的元素很多，但含量大于1mg/L的元素不过15种。它们是氧、氢、存在，其他各元素以离子、分子或原子团形式溶解于海水中。海水中主要成分含量组分含量‰Cl－19.35Na＋10.26SO2－2.71Mg2＋1.29Ca2＋0.41K＋0.39HCO3－0.14Br－0.067Sr2＋0.08合计35.136占总量%54.9730.567.703.681.171.100.400.190.23100.00海水中主要盐类含量主要盐类NaClMgCl2MgSO4CaSO4K2SO4CaCO3MgBr2合计含量‰27.2133.8071.6581.2600.8630.1230.07635.000占总盐类%77.75810.8784.7373.6002.4650.3450.217100.0002、海水组成的特点：保持恒定。3、卤水：浓度的卤水，各种卤水组成如下：各种卤水中主要盐类含量： 〔g/L〕浓度〔0Be/〕d420CaSO4MgSO4MgCl2KClNaClNaBrH2O※3.511.02401.272.193.030.7725.350.127991.26※7.041.05022.574.586.331.5853.730.263981.14※10.01.07483.565.619.281.9169.500.312—13.441.10154.279.2713.353.30112.140.552958.6217.941.14083.2613.6519.474.71163.470.797935.4425.041.20861.4720.3930.607.59251.061.216896.27※25.501.21601.3628.1046.908.59236.201.480893.3726.761.22640.8231.8253.2312.13233.942.026892.3928.461.24440.3953.9693.9421.68174.793.456896.18※30.501.2680—76.22151.8323.75109.93——31.331.27600.1684.70157.9534.2895.735.764897.41注：※分别为海水、浓海水、中度卤水、饱和卤水、苦卤。4、海水、卤水的浓缩率：水。海水、卤水浓缩时体积缩小，在析出氯化钠以前有肯定规律。可用公式表达：C=(100－B)(b－0.15)/(100－b)(B－0.15)式中：C—浓缩率(%)b—浓缩开头浓度(0Be/)(0Be/)海水、卤水浓缩率数据表浓度(0Be/)3.55.06.07.08.010.012.014.015.0浓缩率(%)10068.055.7847.1340.6931.7225.7821.5619.87浓度(0Be/)16.017.018.019.020.022.024.025.525.88浓缩率(%)18.4017.1015.9514.9213.9912.3911.0610.2010.0氯化钠开头析出后卤水的浓缩率为：浓度(0Be/)25.8826.026.527.027.528.028.5浓缩率(%)100.0095.8570.4055.9546.5440.0035.54浓度(0Be/)29.029.530.030.531.031.5—浓缩率(%)31.5028.5526.1824.2422.6121.23—浓度(0Be/)30.030.832.0832.833.9734.635.12浓缩率(%)100.0088.5079.072.666.661.551.8浓度(0Be/)36.1537.2838.2238.9———浓缩率(%)40.436.234.432.9———5、卤水中盐类结晶析出规律：过程中，常按肯定规律结晶析出，卤水的化学组成也相应发生有规律的变化。在常温下，蒸发浓缩海水，各种盐类按肯定规律析出：〔Fe2O3〕7.10Be/以前已全部析出。7.10Be/16.70Be/全部析出。〔3〔CaSO4超过140B/16.8～20.60B/析出量最大占64.2%；80%300Be/时全部析出。〔4〔NaCl25.8～260B/28.50B/7030.20B/350Be/91.3%8.7%。、硫酸镁〔MgSO4〕在氯化钠析出时，卤水中硫酸镁尚未饱和，不能呈晶体、氯化镁(MgCl2)当氯化钠析出时，氯化镁同样也被母液带出微量；到350Be/6、海水、卤水资源量：3.50Be/3m30.5m360Be/浓缩海水1.5m320m3300天计算，年产淡水6000m39000m31.8m3。含化学资源量为〔以1.5m3计470380801145321.4。1m360Be/941m316.5m3饱和卤计算，145万吨。各步卤水资源量为：各种卤水中主要盐类含量： 〔g/〔万吨〕浓度〔0Be/〕d420MgSO4MgCl2KClNaClBr－总盐量H2O※3.511.02402.193.030.7725.350.098—991.2615000m3100%32.8545.4511.553801.47470—※7.041.05024.586.331.5853.730.204—981.147000m347.13%32.0644.3111.06376.111.43465—※10.01.07485.619.281.9169.500.242——4758m331.72%26.6944.159.09330.681.15410—※25.501.216028.1046.908.59236.201.150—893.371530m310.20%43.0071.7613.14361.391.76490—940m36.26%26.4144.098.072221.08300—※28.461.244453.9693.9421.68174.792.684—896.18530m33.55%28.6049.7911.4992.641.42184—320m3—17.2730.066.9455.930.86110—160m3—8.6315.033.4728.000.4355—各种卤水中主要盐类含量： 〔g/〔万吨〕浓度〔0Be/〕d420MgSO4MgCl2KClNaClBr－总盐量H2O※3.511.02402.193.030.7725.350.098—991.2610000m3100%21.9030.307.70253.50.98314—※7.041.05024.586.331.5853.730.204—981.144700m347.13%21.5329.757.43252.530.96312—※10.01.07485.619.281.9169.500.242——3170m331.72%17.7829.426.05220.320.77274—※25.501.216028.1046.908.59236.201.150—893.371020m310.20%28.6647.848.76240.921.17327—※28.461.244453.9693.9421.68174.792.684—896.18355m33.55%19.1633.357.7062.050.95123—160m3—8.6315.033.4728.000.4355—各种卤水中主要盐类含量： 〔g/L〕〔0Be/〕d420CaSO4MgSO4MgCl2KClNaClNaBr总盐H2O※3.511.02401.272.193.030.7725.350.12732.74991.26※7.041.05022.574.586.331.5853.730.26369.05981.14※10.01.07483.565.619.281.9169.500.31290.17984.6313.441.10154.279.2713.353.30112.140.552138.61962.8917.941.14083.2613.6519.474.71163.470.797205.36935.4425.041.20861.4720.3930.607.59251.061.216312.33896.27※25.501.21601.3628.1046.908.59236.201.480322.63893.3726.761.22640.8231.8253.2312.13233.942.026333.97892.4328.461.24440.3953.9693.9421.68174.793.456348.22896.18※30.501.2680—76.22151.8323.75109.93—361.73906.2731.331.27600.1684.70157.9534.2895.735.764378.58897.41浓海水制盐试验卤水分析： 〔g/〔万吨〕浓度〔0Be/〕d415CaSO4MgSO4MgCl2KClNaCl钠/镁－总盐量H2O6.531.04742.513.976.691.3850.018.51764.56982.849000m3100%22.5935.7360.2112.42450—58088453.89%6.15%10.36%2.14%77.46%9.331.06913.736.1610.202.0976.588.50298.76970.346000m367.41%22.3836.9661.2012.54460—59058223.78%6.24%10.33%2.12%77.54%15.731.12233.659.9818.363.07137.268.774172.32949.983322m336.92%12.1233.1560.9910.20456—57231552.12%5.79%10.65%1.78%79.65%26.221.22211.3116.5040.187.80254.688.087320.47901.631500m316.64%1.9724.7560.2711.70382—48013520.41%5.15%12.54%2.43%79.47%26.631.22631.1727.4545.699.82247.196.138331.32894.981178m313.10%1.3832.3453.8211.57290—39010540.35%8.28%13.79%2.96%74.61%28.281.24381.2252.6683.9718.97190.032.529346.85896.95660m37.37%0.8034.7555.4212.52125.42—2285900.35%15.18%24.21%5.47%54.79%30.121.26380.2974.23116.4625.38147.241.404363.60900.20455m35.05%0.1333.7752.9911.5566.99—1654090.08%20.42%32.03%6.98%40.50%7、海水、卤水化学资源综合利用图：〔3.50Be/〕淡化硝酸钾〔6.00Be/〕吸附 洗脱蒸硫酸钾空气吹出法无机溴盐发有机溴化物〔100Be/〕溴溴系列阻燃剂蒸溴系列灭火剂发气态膜法无水硫酸钠〔220Be/〕冷冻 芒硝元明粉蒸日晒盐发滩晒 原盐粉洗精盐加碘盐真空盐〔25.50Be/〕复多品种盐晒真空蒸发 真空盐养分盐调味盐低钠盐药用硫酸镁冷冻 七水硫酸镁精制硫酸镁无水硫酸镁〔30～320Be/〕硫酸钾兑卤法 氯化钾氯酸钾氢氧化钾氯化钠高温盐硫酸镁钾镁肥融雪剂卤片真空蒸发 氯化镁晶体氯化镁镁氧水泥〔36.50Be/〕轻质碳酸镁纯碱法 镁化合物轻质氧化镁石灰法氢氧化镁SO42母液卤水炼镁金属镁海水、卤水化学资源综合利用图8、海水化学资源综合利用工程工艺流程图：海水 〔淡水〕冷却 海水淡化硝酸铵洗脱

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