全程训练2023届高考英语一轮总复习考点集训介词及介词短语

PAGEPAGE8介词及介词短语A根底达标练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2022·浙江卷)Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.________short,he'sreliable.2．(2022·全国卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithPandasgoesback________mydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s.3．(2022·四川卷)Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda________morethantwoyears.4．(2022·全国卷Ⅲ)InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.5．(2022·广东卷)Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,shefelloverthehillanddied.ThentheJohnsonshadtomakealiving________thecow.6．(2022·课标全国Ⅱ改编)Hereportedthecase________thepoliceandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinastrangecity.7．Finally,in1966,PresidentLyndonJohnsondeclaredthethirdSundayofJune________Father'sDay.8．(2022·湖北宜昌教学协作体联考)________theend,theyoungmenfoundthatworkinghardistrulyatreasureinitself.9．(2022·浙江改编)Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes________animalsbothonlandandsea?10．(2022·北京海淀期中改编)Atthebadnews,thewomanputherhands________hereyesandcriedout.11．(2022·陕西西安八校联考改编)ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon'thaveenoughmoney________me.12．(2022·全国卷Ⅱ)Mostofusaremorefocused________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.13．(2022·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocoolthehouseduringthehotday;________thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.14．(2022·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext________thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.15．(2022·福建单科质检改编)IwasborninatowncalledBlackburn,andlivedtheretillIlefthome________theageofeighteen.Ⅱ.单句语法改错1．(2022·浙江卷)Whiletheychatted，myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositinthetopofthefridge.________2．(2022·全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization，theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.________3．(2022·全国卷Ⅰ)Nearlyfiveyearsago，andwiththehelpbyourfather，mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.________4．(2022·全国卷Ⅱ)Wedon'tneedtodosomuchhomework.Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter－schoolactivities.________5．(2022·全国卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.________6．(2022·全国卷Ⅱ)Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.________7．(2022·课标全国卷Ⅱ)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.________8．(2022·湖北四地七校联考)Firstofall,weshouldmakeitaruletoeathealthyfood,incaseunhealthyfooddoesharmforourhealth.________9．(2022·山西第四次诊断)Toimprovemygrades,Ipaidmoreattentionfortheteachers'talkinginclass.________10．(2022·河南洛阳一模)ThankyouforsendingtometheScheduleforSummerEnglishCourses.________Ⅲ.语法填空(2022·黑龙江省实验中学模拟)Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeverydifficulttoletgoofyouranger.Butforgivenessispossible—anditcanbesurprisingly__1__(benefit)toyourphysicalandmentalhealth.Sofar,research__2__(show)thatpeoplewhoforgivecanhavemoreenergy,betterappetiteandbettersleep.“Peoplewhoforgiveshow__3__(little)angerandmorehopefulness，〞saysDrFredericLuskin,whowrotethebookForgiveforGood.“Soitcanhelpreducethetirednessoutoftheimmunesystemandallowpeople__4__(feel)moreenergetic.〞Sowhensomeonehashurtyou,cooldownfirst.Takeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomething__5__givesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,orsomeoneyoulove.Don'twaitforan__6__(apologize)．“Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoumayneverthinkofapologizing，〞saysDrLuskin.“Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon'tseethingsin__7__sameway.Soifyouwaitforpeopletosaysorry,youcouldbewaitingaverylongtime.〞Nextkeepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymean__8__(accept)theactionofthepersonwhoupsetsyou.Instead,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou.Finally,trytoseethings__9__theotherperson'sperspective.Youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofignorance.Togainperspective，youmaywanttowritealetterto__10__(you)fromthatperson'spointofview.Ⅳ.短文改错(2022·安徽合肥一模)Forstudentslearninginstruments,summerisalwaysa“musicseason〞.Duringvacationtimes,wearealwaysbusyattendingvariouslylessons,takingexamsandparticipatingincompetitions.ThissummerIjoinedamusiccompetitionbutwasluckytogetthesecondplace.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadplayedonthestageinfrontofsuchmanypeople.Ifeltveryupsetatfirst,buttheencouragefrommyteacherkeepsmegoingahead.Surprising,Iwasgiventhesilvermedal,thatincreasedmyconfidence.Ifwetryourbesttogetahead,wewillbeabletoachievewhatwedesireanddeserveit.B能力提升练Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheworldisgettingwarmer.Animalshavebeguntochangeinresponsetothenewcondition.Andsomeofthemhavebecomesmaller.Somescientiststhoughtthismightbeanadaptationtoawarmerworld,smallerbodiesshouldbeabletoloseheatbetter.ButnowanewstudypublishedinSciencehasfoundthatforredknotbirds,that'snotthecase.EcologistJanvanGilsandhiscolleagueshavebeenstudyingthesebirdsfor33years.Overthecourseoftheirresearch,vanGilsandhisteamhavefoundthatinRussiawheretheredknotssummer,snowmeltandspringhavebeenadvancingbyhalfadayperyearonaverage.Overmorethanthirtyyears,theresearcherscaughtandmeasurednearly2,000birds.Inyearswhenthesnowmelthadarrivedparticularlyearly,thebirdswerelikelytobesmallerandhaveshorterbills(鸟嘴)．ThebirdsleavethecoastofWesternAfrica,wheretheywinter,andflynorthtowardRussiawithnoclueastowhattheweatherislikethere.Thebirdsaresupposedtoarriveinspring,sotheycanlaytheireggsandwhentheirchickshatchout,therewillbeawealthofarthropod(节肢动物)insectstofeedtheiryoung.Buteventhoughtheredknotsareadvancingtheirarrivaldatebyaboutaquarterofadayperyear,itisnotenoughtokeepupwiththesnowmelt.Andinyearswhenthesnowmeltarrivesearly,thearthropodsreachthegreatestquantitybeforethebirdsneedthem.Therefore,chicksmissoutoneatingwellandtheygrowuptobesmallerandhaveshorterbills.Beingsmallerandhavingashorterbillisn'taprobleminRussia—butitisinAfrica.There,adultbirdsfeedonthin－shelledbivalves(双壳贝类),Loripeslucinalis.Butthebivalvesareburieddeep.However,otheroptions,Dosiniaisocardiabivalvesandseagrassrhizomes(根茎),whichonlytheyoungestbirdsrelyon,arenotabundantornutritious.VanGilsandhiscolleaguesfoundthat,intheirfirstyear,shorter－billedredknotsdon'tsurviveaswellinAfrica.“Afewshort－billedbirdsmakeit，〞vanGilssays,“butthemajorityofbirdsthatsurvivearethelong－billedbirds.〞1．JanvanGilsandhiscolleaguesreachedtheconclusionby________.A.comparingredknotswithotherbirdsB.dividing2,000redknotsintoseveralgroupsC.watchingandexaminingredknotsforthreedecadesD.analyzingstudiesthathavebeenpublishedinScience2．Whatinfluencedoesearlysnowmelthaveonredknots?A.Theirchicksdon'thaveenoughtoeat.B.Theireggstakemoretimetohatchout.C.Theyneedtofindotherplacesforsummer.D.TheyarriveinRussiahalfadayearliereachyear.3．Fewadultshort－billedredknotssurviveinAfricabecause________.A.theycan'tfindarthropodinsectstoeatB.theycan'taccessLoripeslucinalisbivalvesC.theDosiniaisocardiabivalvestheyneedarerareD.theseagrassrhizomestheyfeedonarenotnutritious4．What'sthepurposeofthetext?A.Totellastory.B.Toprovidefacts.C.Tomakeanannouncement.D.Toputforwardsuggestions.BIBMandLocalMotorsintroducedanewself－drivingelectricvehiclecalled“Olli〞inNationalHarbor,Maryland.Thecar—really,asmallbus—iscapableoftransporting12peopleatonce.ItusesIBM's“Watson〞system,pullingvastamountsofdataonitssurroundingsfromavarietyofsources.Forexample,ifyouusethecarenoughitcouldeventuallyfigureoutyourgeneralpathtoworkeverymorning.Ifyou'rerunninglateoneday—orWatsonusesweatherdatatofigureoutthatit'sabouttorain,orthattrafficwillgetworse—Ollimighttellyouthere'snotimeforcoffee.Askitwhenyou'llarriveatyourdestinationanditcananswer.ThevehiclewillbeavailabletothepublicinNationalHarborat“selecttimes〞thissummer.Laterthisyear,itwillbeusedinFlorida'sMiami－DadeCountyandLasVegas.MuchhasbeensaidaboutGoogle'sdriverlesscarprototype(模型)—butJayRogers,CEOofLocalMotors,asmallexperimentalcarmaker,saysthere'saproblemwiththeGoogle'sbusinessmodel.“Googledoesn'tmakecars，〞heexplained.Whilethat'snotstrictlytrue—thecompanydoeshaveitsownself－drivingcarprototype—GoogleisworkingwithtraditionalautomakerslikeFiatChryslertogetitsvehiclesonpublicroads.Butdriverlesscarsaren'tlegalineverystate.“AcompanylikeFiatChryslerwon'tputoutvehiclestheycan'tselleverywhere，〞Rogerssaid.RogersbelievesLocalMotorsisnimbleenoughtobeanindustryleader.ThecompanydesignedOlliin2022andofficiallyapprovedtheprojectthisMarch.Threemonthslater,withIBM,theyhaveaworkingvehicleinMaryland.We'realongwayawayfromhavingOllieverywhere,ofcourse,butRogerssaysLocalMotors'majorproblemislegislation,nottechnology.They'realreadyequippedtoproduceanddeliverthecarswhereverthere'sdemand—thoughit'sasmallcompany,sodon'texpecttoomanyofthem.5．What'sOlli'smajorfeature?A.Itisanelectricvehicle.B.Itdoesn'tneedadriver.C.Itcantake12peopleatonce.D.Itcancommunicatewithpassengers.6．WhatdoesRogersthinkofGoogle'sdriverlesscars?A.TheywillbeOlli'sstrongcompetitors.B.Theycan'tbedrivenonpublicroads.C.Theyhaveabigtechnicalproblem.D.Theywon'tbemassproduced.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nimble〞inthetextmean?A.Abletoadapteasily.B.Abletoactquickly.C.Fullydeveloped.D.Highlycreative.8．WhywillOllinotappearingreatnumbers?A.Becauseitisstillinthetestingstage.B.Becausemanypeoplecan'taffordtobuyit.C.BecauseLocalMotorshaslowproductivity.D.BecausedriverlesscarsarenotlegalinAmerica.Ⅱ.七选五Ifyouareinacrowd,thefirstandmostimportantthingistomakeyourselffamiliarwithyoursurroundingsandmentallynoticealternateexits.__1__Makeyourselfawareofthetypeofgroundyouarestandingon,andknowthatinacrowdofmovingpeoplewetorunevengroundcanbeslipperyorhazardous,causingyoutofall.__2__Whenindanger,afewsecondscanmakeallthedifference,givingyouthepossibilityoftakingadvantageoftheescaperoute.Alwaysstayclosertotheescaperoute.Ifyoufindyourselfinthemiddleofamovingcrowd,donotfightagainstthepressure,donotstandstillorsitdown,becauseyoucouldeasilygettrampled.__3__Takeadvantageofanyspacethatmayopenuptomovesidewaystothecrowdmovementwheretheflowisweaker.Keepyourhandsupbyyourchest,likeaboxer—itgivesyoumovementandprotectsyourchest.__4__Ifyoucannotgetupbecauseyouareinjured,getsomeonetopullyoubackup.Ifyouhavekids,liftthemup.Ifyoufallandcannotgetup,keepmovingbycrawlinginthesamedirectionofthecrowd,orifthatisnotpossible,thencoveryourheadwithyourarmsandcurlupintofetalposition.__5__A.Beawareofthegeneralatmosphereoftheevent,aspanicsituationscanoftenbeexpected.B.Thereisalwaysspacebetweenpeople.C.Donotlieonyourstomachorback,asthisdangerouslyexposesyourlungs.D.Theworstistobepushedbythecrowdagainstanimmovableobject.E.Ifyoufall,getupquickly.F.Nomatterwhereyouare,makesureyoualwaysknowhowtogetout.G.Instead,moveinthesamedirectionofthecrowd.Ⅲ.完形填空(2022·河北石家庄高三复习教学质量检测二)Iflifewereabookandyouweretheauthor,howwouldyoulikethestorytogo?Thatisthequestionthat__1__mylifeforever.OnedayIwenthomefromthetrainingofsnowboardingwithwhatIthoughtwastheflu,andlessthan24hourslater,Iwasina__2__onlifesupportwithlessthantwopercent__3__ofliving.Itwasn'tuntildayslaterthatthedoctorsdiagnosedmewitha__4__bloodinfection.Overthe__5__of2.5months,Ilostthehearinginmyleftearandbothmylegsbelowtheknee.Whenmyparents__6__meoutofthehospital,I__7__thatIhadbeenputtogetherlikeapatchwork(拼缝物)dollandIhadtolivewith__8__legs.Iwasabsolutelyphysicallyandemotionallybroken,__9__streamingdown.ButIknewinordertomoveforward,IhadtoletgooftheOldAmyand__10__theNewAmy.ItwasatthismomentthatIaskedmyselfthatsignificant__11__.Andthatiswhenit__12__methatIdidn'thavetobefive­foot­fiveanymore,__13__IcouldbeastallasIwanted.And__14__ofall,Icanmakemyfeetthesizeofalltheshoes.Sotherewere__15__here.Fourmonthslater,Iwasbackupona__16__.AndthisFebruary,IwontwoBoardWorldCupgoldmedals,__17__methehighestrankedsnowboarderintheworld.So,insteadoflookingatour__18__andourlimitationsassomething__19__orbad,wecanbeginlookingatthemasawonderful__20__thatcanbeusedtohelpusgofurtherthanweeverknowwecouldgo.1．A.savedB.riskedC.ruinedD.changed2．A.hospitalB.clubC.fieldD.stadium3．A.thoughtB.degreeC.chanceD.decision4．A.mildB.severeC.potentialD.slight5．A.journeyB.breakC.courseD.schedule6．A.wheeledB.draggedC.pulledD.delivered7．A.madesureB.feltlikeC.workedoutD.putforward8．A.muscledB.heavyC.shapelyD.false9．A.bloodB.sweatC.tearsD.water10．A.hugB.recognizeC.fixD.introduce11．A.planB.questionC.informationD.favor12．A.dawnedonB.knockedintoC.dependedonD.lookedinto13．A.althoughB.soC.whileD.but14．A.firstB.strangestC.bestD.luckiest15．A.strugglesB.benefitsC.rewardsD.conflicts16．A.stageB.snowboardC.trackD.playground17．A.allowingB.givingC.callingD.making18．A.challengesB.achievementsC.devotionsD.hesitations19．A.activeB.amazingC.negativeD.terminal20．A.abilityB.skillC.toolD.giftA根底达标练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．答案：In2．解析：gobackto为固定搭配，意为“回到……〞。答案：to3．解析：句意：熊猫妈妈继续照顾熊猫宝宝两年多。“for＋一段时间〞表示某个动作或状态持续的时间。答案：for4．解析：句意：例如，在印度，大多数人按照传统用手吃饭。此处指用手吃饭，故填with。答案：with5．解析：句意：当这头牛努力跑开的时候，它跌下了山坡死了。然后Johnson一家不得不在没了这头牛的情况下谋生。结合句意可知此处应用without，表示“没有，缺乏〞。答案：without6．解析：句意为：他向警察报告了这一情况，然后坐在那里，在一个陌生的城市里迷茫而孤独。report...to...为固定搭配，意为“向……报告……〞。答案：to7．答案：as8．答案：In9．答案：to10．答案：over11．答案：with12．解析：befocusedon为固定短语，意为：“集中于……〞。答案：on13．解析：atthesametime为固定词组，意为“同时〞。答案：at14．解析：nextto在……旁边。答案：to15．答案：atⅡ.单句语法改错1．解析：onthetopof是固定搭配，意为“在……顶部〞。答案：in→on2．解析：withthedevelopmentof为固定搭配，意为“随着……的开展〞。答案：on→with3．解析：withthehelpofsb.为固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下〞。答案：by→of4．解析：havetimeforsth.为固定搭配，意为“有时间去做某事〞。答案：with→for5．解析：dreamofdoingsth.“梦想做某事〞，为固定搭配。答案：dreams后加of6．解析：句意为：Tony在商店橱窗里看到一个玩具。on“在……上〞，in“在……里/中〞，故改on为in。答案：on→in7．解析：句意为：我们可以躺在草地上休息，或者坐在湖边听音乐。学生易受汉语思维影响，listen后直接接宾语。但是，listen为不及物动词，接宾语时需加介词to。故在listening后加to。答案：在listening后加to8．解析：doharmto为固定搭配，意为：对……有害。答案：for→to9．答案：for→to10．答案：删除toⅢ.语法填空语篇解读：有人伤害了你，原谅他们似乎是不可能的。但研究发现，宽恕别人对于你的身心健康都是有好处的。作者在本文中介绍了几种释放愤怒的方法。1．beneficial句意为：但是宽恕是可能的——而且这会对你的身心健康有着令人惊讶的好处。设空处在句中作be的表语，应用形容词。故填beneficial。2．hasshown句意为：到目前为止，研究已说明宽恕的人会有更多的精力、更好的胃口和更好的睡眠。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语Sofar可知，应用现在完成时。故填hasshown。3．less句意为：宽恕的人会表现出较少的愤怒及更多的希望。anger与hopefulness相对，设空处与more相对，表示一种内在的比拟，故填比拟级less。4．tofeel句意为：因此，它(宽恕)可以帮助减少免疫系统的疲劳，并使人们感到更加精力充分。allowsb.todosth.为固定搭配，故填tofeel。5．that句意为：深呼吸，想想带给你快乐的事情：大自然的一个美景，或是你喜欢的某个人。分析句式结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为something，因此用that引导。6．apology句意为：不要等待抱歉。设空前有不定冠词an修饰，作waitfor的宾语，因此应用名词。故填apology。7．the句意为：他们可能是想伤害你，或他们仅仅是以不相同的方式看待事情。same常与定冠词the连用，inthesameway意为“以相同的方式〞。8．accepting句意为：接下来记住宽恕不一定意味着接受使你生气的人的行为。meandoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“意味着做某事〞，符合句意，故填accepting。meantodosth.意为“打算做某事〞，不符合句意。9．from句意为：最后，试着从别人的角度看事情。此处表示“从别人的角度〞，故用介词from。10．yourself句意为：为了获得角度，你或许想以那个人的观点来写一封信给自己。设空处与主语you指同一个人，因此应用反身代词。故填yourself。Ⅳ.短文改错答案：Forstudentslearninginstruments,summerisalwaysa“musicseason〞.Duringvacationeq\o(times,\s\do14(time))，wearealwaysbusyattendingeq\o(variously,\s\do14(various))lessons,takingexamsandparticipatingincompetitions.ThissummerIjoinedeq\o(∧,\s\do14(in))amusiccompetitioneq\o(but,\s\do14(and))wasluckytogetthesecondplace.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadplayedonthestageinfrontofeq\o(such,\s\do14(so))manypeople.Ifeltveryupsetatfirst,buttheeq\o(encourage,\s\do14(encouragement))frommyteachereq\o(keeps,\s\do14(kept))megoingahead.eq\o(Surprising,\s\do14(Surprisingly))，Iwasgiventhesilvermedal,eq\o(that,\s\do14(which))increasedmyconfidence.Ifwetryourbesttogetahead,wewillbeabletoachievewhatwedesireanddeserve.B能力提升练Ⅰ.阅读理解语篇解读：本文是说明文，受到全球变暖的影响，在融雪期特别早的年份孵化出来的红腹滨鹬会体格变小、鸟嘴变短，这直接影响它们的生存。1．C细节理解题。根据第二段中的EcologistJanvanGilsandhiscolleagueshavebeenstudyingthesebirdsfor33years及Overmorethanthirtyyears,theresearcherscaughtandmeasurednearly2,000birds可知，JanvanGils和他的同事通过追踪研究红腹滨鹬30余年才得出了他们结论。2．A细节理解题。根据第四段中的Andinyearswhenthesnowmeltarrivesearly,thearthropodsreachthegreatestquantitybeforethebirdsneedthem.Therefore,chicksmissoutoneatingwell可知，如果融雪期提前到来的话，等红腹滨鹬的幼鸟孵化出来时，它们已经错过了节肢动物数量最多的时候，因此没有足够的食物吃。3．B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的adultbirdsfeedonthin－shelledbivalves,Loripeslucinalis.Butthebivalvesareburieddeep可推测，Loripeslucinalis这种贝类在地下比拟深的地方，因此嘴短的红腹滨鹬吃不到它们，影响生存。4．B写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了在融雪期特别早的年份孵化出来的红腹滨鹬会体格变小、鸟嘴变短，从而直接影响它们生存的事实。语篇解读：本文是说明文。电动汽车Olli不仅可以无人驾驶，而且还可以与乘客互动，答复乘客的各种问题。5．D细节理解题。根据第一段中的ItusesIBM's“Watson〞system,pullingvastamountsofdataonitssurroundingsfromavarietyofsources及第二段内容可知，通过IBM的认知系统Watson,Olli可以与乘客互动。6．D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的Butdriverlesscarsaren'tlegalineverystate.“AcompanylikeFiatChryslerwon'tputoutvehiclestheycan'tse