2023年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练31政治经济（一）外研版

PAGEPAGE4话题语篇专攻练31政治经济(一)(建议用时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ASanFrancisco,acitybythebay,isnamedafterSt.Franciswhohadadeepbeliefintheconnectionandbrotherhoodofman,andIamprettysurehemeanttherelationshipbetweeneveryonenotjustsome.ButtoooftenthemostpredominantproblemsofSanFranciscodon’treflectSt.Francis’visionbutagrowinggapbetweenthosewhohaveandthosewhodon’thave.Unfortunately,thegapseparatesratherthanunitespeople.What’sworseisthatthereisapercentageofpeoplewithgrowingwealthwhoshowlittlerespectforthepoor.Iheardjustthismorningaboutatechexecutivewhosaid“ImakesomuchmoneyIcanaffordtostepoverthehomelessinthiscity.〞Localheadlinesoverthepastyearhavecapturedsimilarunhealthyattitudes.Ibelievethatmostpeopleheretrulycarebutdon’tknowhowtooffertheirhelpandthattheydon’tunderstandtheproblem.Ibelievethattheydon’tevenconsiderthepossiblechallengestoendingitup.Therefore,Ithinktheyareparalyzed.Evenwe,afterworkinginthisfieldfortwomoreyears,areoftenpuzzledwhenwewonderwhysolutionsaren’tmoreactionable.Butjustasthingsstarttofeelhopeless,weareencouragedbythesimpleactsofgraceweseeeverydaylikethecountlessemailswegetfrompeoplewhobelieveinwhatwearedoingandoffertheirtime,moneyorotherresourcestohelp,orlikethesupportwegetfrompartnerswhoremindusthattogethereverylifewetouchisleftalittlebrighterandalittlestrongerbecausewecare.PerhapsSt.Franciswouldinstantlyseethegoodthatstillshapesthiscity.I’dliketothinkthatwhathestoodfor,whatSanFranciscoisnamedfor,isunshakablehereregardlessofanyincarnation(典型人物)thecitytakes.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,旧金山倡导人与人之间的平等的兄弟姐妹关系,然而,目前出现了贫富分化后的社会歧视。作者在文章阐述了自己对此现象的见解。1.Whyistheattitudeofthetechexecutiveunhealthy?A.Hepreferstoshowhiswealthtothepublic.B.Hedoesn’tmakeacontributiontocharity.C.Hedoesn’tmakehiseffortstohelpotherpeople.D.Heisamemberofthosewhoignorethehomeless.【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第二段的“ImakesomuchmoneyIcanaffordtostepoverthehomeless...unhealthyattitudes〞可知,那位高管自恃收入高,瞧不起无家可归之人,这种态度是不健康的。故答案选D项。2.Thepurposeofthefourthparagraphistoshowthat______.A.theauthorandhiscolleaguesintendtocontinuetheircareerB.moreencouragementisneededtopromotetheauthor’scareerC.theauthor’scareershouldbemorebeneficialtootherpeopleD.it’sarelieffortheauthortohearhisclientsbecomestronger【解析】选A。推理判断题。从第四段的内容可知,尽管旧金山的一些现象让作者很失望,但还有一些很暖心的事情让作者有了坚持下去的理由。故答案选A项。3.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphimpliesthat______.A.SanFranciscoisacityfilledwithgoodnessandevilaswellB.theauthorisgratefulforthecontributionmadebySt.FrancisC.mostpeopleinSanFranciscoliveuptothespiritsoftheircityD.peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardthespiritsofSanFrancisco【解析】选C。句意理解题。从句意可知,尽管旧金山有各种典型人物,但其城市的灵魂却是不可动摇的。言外之意,大局部旧金山人都是遵行旧金山精神的。故答案选C项。4.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.RelationshipsbetweenpeopleinSanFranciscoshouldbeimproved.B.PeopleinSanFranciscoshouldbecalledontohelpthehomeless.C.NobodyinSanFranciscocanlivewellwithoutgoodspirits.D.TherearemoreadvantagesthandisadvantagesinSanFrancisco.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。从文章的内容可知,尽管旧金山出现了一些瑕疵,但其本身的精髓依旧不可撼动。故答案选D项。B(2022·郑州模拟)Howcanyouavoidrunningoutofmoneyinretirement?Our15-MinuteRetirementPlancanhelpyougetstartedonasuccessfulpath.Comparedtothelengthofretirement,15minutesisnotimeatall.Butthat’sallyouneedtolearnthebasicsofdevelopingaplantomakeyoursavingslastaslongasyouneedthem.Still,manyinvestors(投资者)don’ttakethistime—thereforeputtingtheirretirementintrouble.Investors’biggestmistakesoftenoccurlongbeforeanybuyingorsellingtakesplace.Theytendtohavenorealsenseofhowlongtheyneedthemoneytolastanddon’tquiteunderstandthatanyinvestmenthasrisksandneedstobeconsideredagain.Tostart,askyourselfhowlongyou’llneedyourretirementsavings.Mostinvestorsneedtheirsavingstolastaslongastheydo—sometimeslongerifthey’dliketheirinvestmenttosupportayoungercouple,childrenorcharityafterthey’regone.Soexactlyhowlongthatcouldbeforyouisn’tblackandwhite.Togetabetteridea,consideryourfamily’shistoryofhealthandlifelength.Besuretoconsideradvancesinhealthcareandtechnology.Thatonlyyourfatherdiedat70doesn’tmeanyou’lldothesame.Mostpeopleoutlivetheirancestors,thereforerisingaveragelifelength.Planningearlyforalongerlifeissmart.Youcouldalsobeunderestimatingtheamountofcashflowyou’llneedafterretirement.Keepingyourlifestylebecomesmuchmorecostlyifyourexpensesheavilyrelyongoodsorserviceswithfast-risingprices—likehealthcare.Aretirementplanthatdoesn’tconsiderinflation(通货膨胀)hasabighole.5.Investorswithoutdevelopingaplanprobablywill______.A.avoidrunningoutofmoneyintheirwholelifeB.notbeabletosavemoneyforthefutureC.havetroublewiththeirretirementD.maketheirsavingslastaslongastheyneedthem【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,如果投资者不去制订方案就会让他们的退休处于麻烦之中。6.Theunderlinedword“outlive〞inParagraph4probablymeans“______〞.A.liveshorterthanB.livelongerthanC.showrespectfor D.knowlittleabout【解析】选B。词义猜想题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知,很多人比他们的祖先活得时间长,因而提高了平均寿命。7.Accordingtothetext,whenmakingaretirementplanweshouldconsiderthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.healthandlifelength B.inflationC.yourlifestyle D.historyoftechnology【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四、五段可知,制订退休方案需要考虑健康和寿命、个人生活方式、通货膨胀。应选D。8.Whydoesthewriterwritethispassage?A.Totelluswhatweshoulddoafterretirement.B.Toprovethatinvestmentisveryimportant.C.Toshowhowtoavoidrunningoutofmoneyinretirement.D.Tomakeusprepareourselvesforalonglife.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段特别是第一句可知,本文主要围绕“如何防止在退休生活中无钱可用〞这一话题展开。Ⅱ.完形填空Whenyoueatoutinarestaurant,itisnotunusualtohearpeopleyelling,“Letmegetthisone!〞Sometimesyoucanseethempushingor__1__wrestlingtofightforthe__2__forpayingthebill.Thesefightsareoftenveryloudandactive.Eachperson__3__showsanhonestdesiretopickupthebill,andintheend,allthepeopleatthetablegivethewinner__4__andgratitude.Infact,figuringoutwhowillgetthebillisalwaysa__5__forChinesepeopleatformalmeals.Althoughthepeoplewho__6__themealareverylikelytopaythecheck,itisa__7__practicetomakeanefforttopaythebill.Butyouwill__8__themifyoudoendupactuallycollectingmoney.Inrecentyears,“goingDutch〞hasbeenembracedbymanyyoungpeople.__9__,oldergenerationswhofear“losing__10__〞stillfinditembarrassingandmeantocalculateeachperson’s__11__ofthebill.Butthesedays,__12__digitalpaymentapps,splitting(分摊)thebill__13__isbecomingawidely-acceptedidea.Evenpeoplefrom__14__generationsmaywanttodoso.Byscanningacode__15__payingtheirshareviaWeChatorAlipayontheirphonesinoneeasyclick,Chineseare__16__iteasytorelievetheembarrassmentoffiguringouteachperson’spaymentwhentheyorderameal.Thisfunctionhasmade“goingDutch〞less__17__andmorefuninChina.“Manyofusareneverwithoutourphones__18__theyareconvenient.Andperson-to-personmobilepaymentservicesareincredibly__19__touseandatthesametimesavethetroubleof__20__change,〞said18-year-oldHanChen,astudentfromSeniorHighSchool.【文章大意】本文主要介绍的是在中国正流行的利用电子应用软件实现AA制的趋势。1.A.handB.legC.armD.heart【解析】选C。考查固定用法。有时候你会看到饭店里吃饭的人通过掰手腕争抢着付款。armwrestling掰手腕。2.A.turn B.privilege C.order D.right【解析】选B。考查语境逻辑。争取付款的特权(privilege)。应选B。3.A.involved B.called C.selected D.invited【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。涉及的每个人。involved涉及,使参与。此处是过去分词作后置定语,应选A。4.A.courage B.comment C.apology D.praise【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。所有吃饭的人都给获胜者以赞美(praise)和感谢。应选D。5.A.headache B.tradition C.plan D.conflict【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。事实上,在中国吃饭时谁付款总是一件头疼(headache)的事。应选A。6.A.eat B.cook C.host D.enjoy【解析】选C。考查语境逻辑。尽管主持(host)饭局的人很可能支付费用。应选C。7.A.unusual B.strangeC.unexpected D.common【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。unusual不寻常的;strange奇怪的;unexpected未料到的;common共同的,常见的。它是一个常见的惯例。应选D。8.A.disappoint B.frustrate C.embarrass D.inspire【解析】选C。考查语境逻辑。但是如果你实际上是在收集钱,这将使他们为难(embarrass)。应选C。9.A.However B.Therefore C.Moreover D.Besides【解析】选A。考查语法知识。最近,AA制已经为年轻人所认可。然而,害怕丢脸的更老的一代人仍然认为计算每个人的付款是令人为难和吝啬的,应选A。10.A.promise B.face C.credit D.money【解析】选B。考查固定短语。loseface丢脸,应选B。11.A.task B.part C.ability D.share【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。计算每个人的付款是令人为难和吝啬的。share表示份额,应选D。12.A.aswellas B.accordingtoC.thanksto D.apartfrom【解析】选C。考查语境逻辑。由于数字支付应用,以电子形式分摊账单已成为被广泛接受的想法。aswellas还,又;accordingto按照;thanksto多亏,由于;apartfrom除……之外。应选C。13.A.personally B.electronicallyC.separately D.immediately【解析】选B。考查语境逻辑。以电子形式(electronically)分摊账单已成为被广泛接受的想法。应选B。14.A.younger B.newer C.older D.later【解析】选C。考查语境逻辑。甚至更老一代的人也想这样做。oldergenerations在第三段段首已有呈现。应选C。15.A.and B.but C.or D.for【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。通过扫描一个密码来付款。可知此处是并列的递进关系,应选A。16.A.hoping B.finding C.looking D.making【解析】选B。考查语境逻辑。中国人发现用这种方法很容易缓解计算每个人付款的为难。应选B。17.A.sadness B.excitement C.quarrel D.trouble【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。在中国,这种功能使AA制变得烦恼更少、快乐更多。sadness伤心;excitement兴奋;quarrel争吵;trouble麻烦。应选D。18.A.although B.because C.if D.so【解析】选B。考查语境逻辑。我们中的很多人不离手,因为它们用起来很方便。应选B。19.A.easy B.expensive C.difficult D.complex【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。person-to-person移动支付效劳是非常容易使用的。应选A。20.A.puttingon B.settingasideC.providingwith D.dealingwith【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。puton穿上;setaside储存,留在一边;providewith提供;dealwith处理。同时解决处理零钱的麻烦。应选D。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2022·合肥模拟)Asisknowntousall,therearemoreandmoresupermarketsinmany1.________(country).Lastyear,oneofBritain’sleadingsupermarketchainsset2.________aSundaySchooltohelpparents3.________wanttodotheirshoppingonSunday.AlthoughthestoredescribedtheSundaySchool4.________experimentation,itwasagoodsignofjust5.________importantsupermarketshoppinghasbecomein6.________(people)dailylives.ThereasonforthisisthatBritain’ssupermarkets7.________(experience)hugechangesinthepastdecade.Openinghourshavebeenextendedtoweekends.And,whereassupermarketsused8.________(sell)onlyfoodandhouseholdproducts,theynowselleverything.Thisrapidexpansionhasbeenverygoodforsupermarkets’profits,9.________(make)thestorestakealargershareofconsumers’money.Consumers,too,havewelcomedthegrowthofsupermarketswithmorebranches,10.________(good)storesandeasierwaystopay.Soshoppinghasbecomeeasierandquicker.【文章大意】英国的超级市场十年来有了很大开展。不仅延长了开放时间