考研英语阅读理解真题1991-2008最终打印版

1994Passage1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspending

theirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,

strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;and

theprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsand

servicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividual

consumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto

maximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedto

produceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemands

canbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismis

providedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsof

consumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothe

demand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,onthe

otherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethe

supplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumersto

buytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoown

productiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernatural

resources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptof

privatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,

includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivate

individual.

51.InLine7,Para.1,"thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes"means.

[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat.

[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction

[BJconsumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers

[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts

[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices

53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby.

[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned

[BJmanpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol

[C]ownershipofproductiveresources

[D]freecontractsandprices

54.Thepassageismainlyabout.

[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced

[BJhowAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods

[CJhowAmericaneconomicsystemworks

[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits

1994Passage2

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theytheir

ownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,

andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbe

readautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetheror

notthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe"cashlesssociety"isnotonthehorizon—it's

alreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellers

too.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderange

ofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeep

trackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.

Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputers

recordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonneland

staffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersfor

promotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufocturersforsimilarreasons.

Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichto

developforthefiiture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialson

hand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasand

electricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughthe

useofcomputers.

55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto.

[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes

[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo

[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper

[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto

56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat.

[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards

[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday

[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash

[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore

57.Thephrase"ringupsales"(Line2,Para.2)mostprobablymeans""

[A]makeanorderofgoods

[B]recordsalesonacashregister

[C]callthesalesmanager

[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock

58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.

[B]conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.

[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.

[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.

1994Passage3

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthese

childrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheir

environmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareofthe

importanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesociety

inwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthe

publicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopes,and

fearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,the

weaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestin

exceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeeling

inoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofully

developtheircapabilities.

"Allmenarecreatedequal."We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningfor

educationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfounderstodenote

equalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconcept

implieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningto

thelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshave

confirmedtherightofallchildren_disabledornot-toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthat

publicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifying

theirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofit

substantiallyfromregularprograms.

59.Inparagra而2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat.

[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesociety

[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenare

[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety

[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalchildren

60.Thereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthat.

[A]theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety

[B]theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety

[C]theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentials

[D]disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration

61.Thispassagemainlydealswith.

[A]thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities

[B]thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodemsociety

[C]thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren

[D]thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren

62.Fromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptionalchildren.

[A]isnowenjoyinglegalsupport

[BJdisagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry

[C]wasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfounders

[D]willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions

1994Passage4

"Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewellknowinvastdetailhowcancercells

arise,"saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer."But,"hecautions,"somepeople

havetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur,he

discoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswere

available."

Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.

Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskin

cancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatisticsarestill

discouraging—13percentforlungcancer;and2percentforcancerofthepancreas.

Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.The

researchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,whichare

cancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmay

activateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,

thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.

Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancersare

initiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers."Changesareanormalpart

oftheevolutionaryprocess,"saysoncologistWilliamHayward,Environmentalfoctorscanneverbe

totallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,"Wecan'tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays."

Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.

"First,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitselfSecond,wehavetodetermine

whethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhichareal-waysresponsibleforatleastpartof

thetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction."

63.TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto.

[A]predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinadecade

[BJindicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerarebright

[C]provethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtyyears

[D]warnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeconquered

64.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2000,.

[A]therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskin-cancerpatients

[B]90percentofheskin-cancerpatientstodaywillstillbeliving

[C]thesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvariouscancers

[D]therewon'tbeadrasticincreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerpatients

65.Oncogenesarecancer-causinggenes.

[A]thatarealwaysinoperationinahealthyperson

[B]whichremainunharmfiilsolongastheyarenotactivated

[C]thatcanbedrivenoutofnormalcells

[D]whichnormalcellcan'tturnoff

66.Theword"dormant"inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans.

[A]dead[B]ever-present[C]inactive[D]potential

1994Passage5

Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds"tocomeinblinding

flasherorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,

lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimented

withantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovations

almostalwayscomeoutoflaboricmstrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmiss

thegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.

Theypointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakethemostshotsatthegoal-

一andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovatorsand

othersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andthey

followthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfanciful

abstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.

"Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtueindoingthings

thewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,"wroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.Thisaccountsfor

ourreactionsoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthat

makelifemoreconvenient:"Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore?"

Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnot

acceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaverageperson

willautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearch

foralternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemoreinterestingand

challengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.

Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.

67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"untaughtmind"inthefirstparagraph?

[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.

[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.

[C]Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.

[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.

68.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?

[A]Thevarietyofideastheyhave.

[B]Theintelligencetheypossess.

[C]Thewaytheydealwithproblems.

[D]Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.

69.TheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3because.

[A]RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumancreativity

[B]thequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewwaysofdoing

things

[C]thereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch'spointofview

[D]thequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslypresented

70.Thephrase“marchtoadifferentdrummer"(thelastlineofthepassage)suggeststhathighly

creativeindividualsare.

[A]diligentinpursuingtheirgoals

[B]reluctanttofollowcommonwaysofdoingthings

[C]devotedtotheprogressofscience

[D]concernedabouttheadvanceofsociety

1995Passage1

MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassista

rapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomaking

itpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelps

enormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedfor

labor,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:

withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceofyour

televisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.

Andpeihapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueinthe

productsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthe

termsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfoilstoliveuptothepromiseof

hisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewill

notdosoforlong,formercifiillythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethan

once.Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhat

isclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.

AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthink

of.

Thereisonemorepoint1feelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knowntelevision

personalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewas

drawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.

Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation-andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnot

impossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolorofashirtissubtly

persuasive-advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatis

whatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.

51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat.

[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising

[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming

[C]advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse

[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising

52.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesofadvertising?

[A]Securinggreaterfeme[B]Providingmorejobs.

[CJEnhancinglivingstandards.[D]Reducingnewspapercost.

53.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis.

[A]verypreciseinpassinghisjudgmentonadvertising

[B]interestedinnothingbutthebuyers'attention

[CJcorrectintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformation

[D]obviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertising

54.Intheauthor'sopinion,.

[A]advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformation

[B]advertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemover

[C]thereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyer

[D]thebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisement

1995Passage2

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth;oneaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehave

generallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedand

measured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwho

leamsanewlanguagealltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfor

theirefforts.

Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sinceby

definitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnot

theroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,asthey

encounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;

therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfront

theunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay"fail"atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetrya

newwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Doweperceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?If

so,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'

reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnotto

takeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe're

notsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornot

tryatall.

Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochange

andgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotectourselves

toomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.

55.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen.

[A]hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit

[B]hehasmadegreateffortsinhiswork

[C]heiskeenonlearninganythingnew

[D]hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney

56.Intheauthor'seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould.

[A]succeedinclimbingupthesocialladder

[BJjudgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievements

[CJfacedifficultiesandtakeupchallenges

[D]aimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime

57.Whentheauthorsays"anewwayofbeing"(line2~3,Para.3)heisreferringto.

[A]anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld[B]anewwayoftakingrisks

[C]anewmethodofperceivingourselves[D]anewsystemofadaptationtochange

58.Forpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingexcept.

[A]curiosityaboutmorechances

[B]promptnessinself-adaptation

[C]open-mindednesstonewexperiences

[D]avoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubts

1995Passage3

Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecome

complicated.Manyoflife'sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsor

colleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpert

informationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeople

today.

Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarII.Asfamiliesmove

awayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,the

informalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailable

whenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationabout

thesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthe

casualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned.

Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhas

moreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformation

relevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consumingandsometimeseven

overwhelming.

Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhich

enablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhasever

beenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatain

machine-readablefiles,andtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunications

developmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andveryshortly,electronicmailto

bombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerofcommunicationsto

reporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,

andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotravel

toadistantconferencesite.Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageand

deliveryofinformation,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Those

peoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,thecritical

problemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed,"Knowledgeispower"may

wellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.

59.Theword"it"(Line4,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto.

[A]thelackofstablecommunities

[B]thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannels

[C]theincreasedmobilityoffamilies

[D]thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace

60.Themainproblempeoplemayencountertodayarisesfromthefactthat.

[A]theyhavetoleamnewthingsconsciously

[BJtheylacktheconfidenceofsecuringreliableandtrustworthyinformation

[CJtheyhavedifficultyobtainingtheneededinformationreadily

[D]theycanhardlycarryoutcasualcommunicationswithanextendedfamily

61.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

[A]electronicmailwillsoonplayadominantroleintransmittingmessages

[BJitwillbecomemoredifficultforpeopletokeepsecretsinaninformationera

[CJpeoplewillspendlesstimeholdingmeetingsorconferences

[D]eventswillbereportedonthespotmainlythroughsatellites

62.Wecanleamfromthelastparagraphthat.

[A]itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspossible

[BJpeopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationaccessible

[C]weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatinginformation

[D]itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficiently

1995Passage4

Personalityistolargeextentinherent—A-type-parentsusuallybringaboutAtypeoffspring.But

theenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect,sinceifcompetitionisimportanttotheparents,itis

likelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren.

OneplacewherechildrensoakupA-characteristicsisschool,whichis,byitsverynature,ahighly

competitiveinstitution.Tbomanyschoolsadoptthe'winatallcosts'moralstandardandmeasuretheir

successbysportingachievements.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheir

classmatesoragainsttheclockprcducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseemin

somewaybetterthantheirBtypefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousco