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student'sadvisor学生顾问physicist物理学家mathematician数学家chemist化学家historianstatisticianassignmentcourseworkschoolworkstudies作业labreport实验报告bookreport读书报告project作业presentation发言termpaper学期（researchpaper）thesis/essay/dissertationjournalsocialinvestigationsurveyquestionnairen.表,问observationn.观察interviewvt.n.采访collectdata收集数据broad(等)内容宽泛narrowdown(等)缩小范围source（写的）参考资料criticalthinking评判性思维lackyourownideasdeadlinen.最终期限extension延期duedate/timeoutlinen.大纲,提纲()bibliographyn书目,参考书目reference参考n.revisev.修改rewritev.重写finaldraft完成稿speechn. eyecontact目光接触intonation音调mid-termexamfinalexams=finalscumulativefinaltake-homeexam（拿回家的开卷考试，open-bookexam开卷考试subjectivetest性测试objectivetest客观性测试popquiz式测验bluebook答题本assessmentn估价appraisaln.评价,估价makeupfor补考,resit,retake重考grade（mark、score）perfectgradelowgradehighmark高分passinggrade及格分failinggrade不及格分fullmarks满分straightA's全AbeallA'sandB's全是A和BBplusB加AminusApasstheiexamwithflyingcolors以优graduatewithhonorsdiploma,degree,文 馆 periodical期bookclassifiedcatalogue

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Leanv.倾斜Slopen.斜坡Steepadj.陡峭Erodeverosionn.腐蚀Fossiln.化石Dinosaurn.恐龙Sediment,deposit沉淀物Marble大理石granite花岗岩Ore矿石Stalactite钟乳石Refinev.提炼tinumv.铂金Seismology学Vibration,tremor,Wave波动Volcano,volcanic火山，火山的Volcaniceruption火山喷发 Collisionn.碰撞Activeadj.积极的Dormantadj.休眠的Extinctadj.熄灭的Magman.岩浆Lavan.岩浆Eruptv.explodev. boomn.Blastn.Earth’sinterior地球的内部Seismicwaves波Compression压缩Shear（adeformationofanobjectinwhichparallelnesremainparallelbutareshiftedinadirectionparalleltothemselves）SlowdownReflect反射Depth深度Density密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core te大陆板块 te(地球表面的)构造板块Continentaldrift大陆漂移LayerstrataStratifyCrackMoltenlavaClimaticClimaticchangesConsistentpatternSolarenergyRadiateCrudeapproximationSpeculation猜测Coolingdown冷却Mechanism机制LengthofthedayPhysical体力Imaginaryline虚拟线ArtificialreservoirRedistributeSpin快速旋转Minerals矿物质Diverse多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazonstones天河石Firingvapor炙热的水蒸汽Wipeout根除，彻底消灭MtEverest珠穆朗玛峰Elevation海拔，海拔增高Precisemeasurement精确的测量GlobalPositioningSystem全球定位系LongitudeLatitudeAlternativesourcesofenergy可替代资GashydrateTrapFlame

PotentialModelGeologicalfaultCrackseismicgap活动空白地postulate假设chunk大块cylinder圆柱cylindricalgroundtiltmeasurement地倾斜观evacuate撤出sedimentaryadj.沉淀性的accumulate积累InsuranceNote注意Contract合约VerbalagreementRepay偿还Interest利息Merchant商人Cautious谨慎的Paramount极为重要的Manufacture制造LabelContention所持观点Inform告知CostProfit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supplyanddemand供求Supplychain供应链Fluctuation浮动Marketingstrategies市场策SurveySurplus剩余ShipmentDistribution分布Retail零售Wholesale批发Franchise特许经营Budget哲 toandAristotleLogicRhetoricFundamentalcauses基本原因Principlesoftheuniverse宇宙的原则Perceive看待，观察Perception观点Sense感觉SoulspiritElementReasoningRation理性rational有理性的Contemtion沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justiceJustify证明,justificationExplicitEthicsEthicaltheory理论Moral有道德的Ultimatetruth终极真理Universal普遍的SearchfortruthVaryv.不相同Intrinsic内部的Extrinsic外部的Critic评论家Old-fashioned过时的Valuable有价值的Survive生存，存活Conservative保守的Liberal开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive认知的Weaken削弱Diminish（）减Medieval中世纪Renaissance文艺复兴Doctrine,主义,学说Idealism唯心论，理想主义

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veinscaleclawpaw爪子horn角honkhormoneintestine肠hive蜂巢pollenn.花粉pollinatev.hibernate冬眠torpormigratev.迁徙communicatev.交流camouflage保护色evolve进化evolutionn.endothermn.温血动物,恒温动物 冷血动物beakperchenzymes酶se’cretion(nse’crete(v.)pancreasodor气味(还有aromafragrancescentgland腺体chromosomebotanybotanisttundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl.fungi)菌类laurel月桂chestnuttreeroot根fertilizer化肥germinate发芽branch枝stem茎algae(pl.alga)海藻organism有机物birchtreebark)桦树crops谷物cornmaizechlorophyll/'klɔrəfɪl/aminoacids/'æmɪno/proteinnitrogenphotosyn’thetic(adj.)respirerespirationlichen/'laɪkən/地衣,squash南瓜oneofagroupoflargevegetableswithsolidfleshandhardskins,suchasPUMPKINsbean豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral花的petal花瓣bloom开花blossom花pollen花粉moss苔藓herbicideherbherbivorous/'ɝbɪvərəs/classification分类hierarchy级别hazardous害的Meteorology气象meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家forecast(predict)预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层Convection对流Stratosphere同温层Barometer气压计current（气）流vapor蒸汽

evaporatedamp(wet;moist;humid)humidity湿度moisture潮湿；水分saturate饱和absorb吸收dew露frost霜fog(mist)雾smog烟雾droplet小水珠condense浓缩crystaldownpourtorrentialrain)大雨tempest(storm)暴风雨drizzle细雨showerhailblizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder雷Lightening闪电breeze微风Blast大风galewhirlwind旋风Cyclone旋风，飓风typhoon台风hurricane飓风Monsoon季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Duststorm沙尘暴tornadotwistercyclone)Tropicaldepression热带低气压Winddirection风向WindvelocityWindscale风力funnel漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbusdisastercalamitycatastrophe)devastation破坏submergeoverwhelmv.drought干旱Balmy温和的Chilly寒冷的FrigidHeat-wave热浪 environmentalprotection环境保护environmentally-friendly环保的preservev.保护，保存pollute,pollution,pollutantcontaminantn.污染物contaminatev.污染ecosystem生态系统ecologyn.生态学antisepticadj.防腐的atmosphericpollution:rubbish,garbage,trash,waste,处理:disposeofburn,buryrecycle,reduce,reuse,回收:glasspapermilkcarton牛奶盒tyre,aluminiumcans铝罐,sticbagsrubbishbagsbiodegradablepackaging可降解包装,throwaway可丢弃的disposablediscouragev.none-renewablefossilfuels矿石naturalgas,coal,petroleumlimited/finitenaturalresources有限的alternativeenergy替代能源,rece=substitutev.取代windpowerhydropower水电,solar(lunar)power能,nuclearpower核能radioactivityn.辐射性

useup,depleteexhaustv.conservev.节省，节约污染waterpollution,airpollution,soilpollution土壤污染,noisesoilerosion土壤侵蚀soilpollution土壤污染stainn.污染，污点，玷污stinkv.发出臭味tarn.toxicchemical的化学物fumen.lightpollutionrefuse废物sewage污水pesticiden.杀虫剂chemicalwastecongestv.使充满poaching打猎，盗猎damagenaturalhabitat破坏自然栖息地,rarebreed稀有物种,endangeredspecies濒危物种,extinctadj.(dieout,disappear),animalrightsactivist,naturalreserve(giantpanda大熊猫)自然protectw