2014年12月六级考试真题第三套

Dolly,astheworldsooncametorealize,wasno37lamb.Shewasclonedfromasinglecellofanadultfe-malesheep,38long-heldscientificdogmathathaddeclaredsuchathingbiologicallyimpossible.beenclonedsincethatfirstlamb—mice,cats,cows,and,mostrecently,adog—andit’s ing39clearthattheyareall,inonewayoranother,defective.It’s40tothinkofclonesasperfectcarboncopiesoftheoriginal.Itturnsout,though,thattherearevariousdegreesofgenetic41.Thatmaycomeasashocktopeoplewhohavepaidthousandsofdollarstocloneapetcatonlytodiscoverthatthebabycatlooksandbehaves42liketheirbelovedpet—withadifferent-colorcoatoffur,perhaps,ora43differentattitudetowarditshumanhosts.Andthesearejusttheobviousdifferences.Notonlyareclones44fromtheoriginaltemte(模板)bytimebuttheyarealsotheproductofanunnaturalmolecularmechanismthatturnsoutnottobeverygoodcomple H) making45copies.Infact,theprocesscomple H) SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Inthismonth’sAtlanticcoverarticle,“TheCaseAgainstHigh-SchoolSports,”AmandaRipleyarguesthatschool-sponsoredsportsprogramsshouldbeseriouslycut.Shewritesthat,unlikemostcountriesthatoutperformtheUnitedStatesoninternationalassessments,Americanschoolsputtoomuchofanemphasisonathletics.“SportsareembeddedinAmericanschoolsinawaytheyarenotalmostanywhereelse,”shewrites.“YetthisdifferencehardlyevercomesupindomesticdebatesaboutAmerica’sinternationalmediocrity(平庸inAmericanstudent-athletesreapmanybenefitsfromparticipatinginsports,butthecoststotheschoolscouldoutweightheirbenefits,sheargues.Inparticular,Ripleycontendsthatsportscrowdouttheacademicmissionsofschools:AmericashouldlearnfromSouthKoreaandFinlandandeveryothercountryatthetoplevelofinternationaltestscores,allofwhomemphasizeathleticsfarlessinschool.“Evenineighthgrade,AmericankidsspendmorethantwicethetimeKoreankidsspendyingsports,”shewrites,citinga2010studypublishedintheJournalofAdvancedAcademics.ItmightwellbetruethatsportsarefarmorerootedinAmericanhighschoolsthaninothercountries.Butourreadingofinternationaltestscoresfindsnosupportfortheargumentagainstschoolathletics.Indeed,ourownresearchandthatofothersleadustomaketheoppositecase.School-sponsoredsportsappeartoprovidebenefitsthatseemtoincreasenotdetract(减少fromacademicfrighteninggapsbetweentheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Sheignores,however,thefactthatstatesareclosertoTrinidadandTobago.Ripley’sthesisaboutsportsfallsapartinlightofthisfact.SchoolsinMassachusettsprovidesportsprogramswhileschoolsinFinlanddonot.SchoolsinMississippimaylovefootballwhileinTobagointerscholasticsportsarenowherenearasprominent.Sportscannotexinthesesimilaritiesinperformance.Theycan’texininternationaldifferenceseither.IfitistruethatsportsunderminetheacademicmissionofAmericanschools,wewouldexpecttoseeanegativerelationshipbetweenthecommitmenttoathleticsandacademicachievement.However,theUniversityofArkansas’sDanielBowenandJayGreeneactuallyfindtheopposite.Theyexaminethisrelationshipbyyzingschools’sportswinningpercentagesaswellasstudent-athleticparticipationratescomparedtograduationratesandstandardizedtestscoreachievementoverafive-yearperiodforallpublichighschoolsinOhioControllingforstudentpovertylevelsdemographics(人口统计状况anddistrictfinancialresources,bothmeasuresofaschool’scommitmenttoathleticsaresignificantlyandpositivelyOn-the-fieldsuccessandhighparticipationinsportsisnotrandom—itrequiresfocusanddedicationtoathletics.Onemightthinkthiswouldleadschoolsobsessedwithwinningtodeemphasizeacademics.BowenandGreene’sresultscontradictthatargument.Alikelyexnationforthisseeminglycounterintuitive(与相反的)resultisthatsuccessinsportsprogramsactuallyfacilitatesorreflectsgreatersocialcapitalwithinaschool’scommunity.RipleycitesthewritingsofrenownedsociologistJamesColeman,whoseresearchineducationwasgroundbreaking.Colemaninhisearlyworkheldathleticsincontempt,arguingthattheycrowdedoutschools’academicmissions.Ripleyquoteshis1961study,TheAdolescentSociety,whereColemanwrites,“Altogether,thetrophy(奖品)casewouldsuggesttotheinnocentvisitorthathewasenteringanathleticclub,notaneducationalinstitution.”However,inlaterresearchColemanwouldshowhowthesuccessofschoolsishighlydependentonwhathetermedsocialcapital,“thenorms,thesocialnetworks,andtherelationshipsbetweenadultsandchildrenthatareofvalueforthechild’sgrowingup.”Accordingtoa2013evaluationconductedbytheCrimeLabattheUniversityofChicago,aprogram ingaMan—SportsEditioncreateslastingimprovementsintheboys’studyhabitsandgradepointaverages.Duringthefirstyearoftheprogram,studentswerefoundtobelesslikelytotransferschoolsorbeengagedinviolentcrime.Ayearaftertheprogram,participantswerelesslikelytohavehadanencounterwiththejuvenilejusticesystem.Ifschool-sponsoredsportswerecompleyeliminatedtomorrow,manyAmericanstudentswouldstillhaveopportunitiestoparticipateinorganizedathleticselsewhere,muchliketheydoincountriessuchasFinland,Germany,andSouthKorea.Thesameisnotcertainwhenitcomestostudentsfrommoredisadvantagedbackgrounds.Inanoverviewoftheresearchonnon-schoolbasedafter-schoolprograms,researchersfindthatdisadvantagedchildrenparticipateintheseprogramsatsignificantlylowerrates.Theyfindthat estudentshavelessaccessduetochallengeswithregardtotransportation,non-nominalfees,andoff-campussafety.Therefore,reducingoreliminatingtheseopportunitieswouldmostlikelydeprivedisadvantagedstudentsofthebenefitsfromathleticparticipation,notleastofwhichistheopportunitytoinctwithpositiverolemodelsoutsideofregularschoolhours.AnotherunfoundedcriticismthatRipleymakesisbringingupthestereotypethatathleticcoachestypicallylousy(蹙脚的classroomteachersAmericanprincipalsunlikethevastmajorityofprincipalswellforstudents,”shewrites.Educatorswhoseekemploymentatschoolsprimarilyforthepurposeparentsandguardians.Thedata,however,donotseemtoconfirmthisstereotype.Inthemostrigorousstudyontheclassroommostlytendtoperformjustaswellastheirnon-coachingcounterparts,withrespecttoraisingstudenttestscores.Wedonotdoubtthatteacherswhoalsocoachfaceserioustradeoffsthatlikelycomeattheexpensesucceedandmakeupforthecostsofcoachingcommitments.Ifschoolsallowstudent-athletestoregularlymissoutoninstructionaltimeforthesakeoftravelingtoathleticcompetitions,that’sbad.However,suchissueswouldbebetteraddressedbychangingschoolandstatepolicieswithregardtotheschedulingofsportingeventsasopposedtototalelimination.Iftheempiricalevidencepointstoanything,itpointstowardsschool-sponsoredsportsprovidingassetsthatarewellworththecosts.DespitenegativestereotypesaboutsportscultureandRipley’spresumptionthatacademicsandathleticsareatoddswithoneanother,webelievethatthegreaterbodyofevidenceshowsthatschool-sponsoredsportsprogramsappeartobenefitstudents.Successesontheyingfieldcancarryovertotheclassroomandviceversa(反之亦然).Moreimportantly,findingwaystoincreaseschoolcommunities’socialcapitalisimperativetothesuccessoftheschoolasawhole,notjusttheathletes.Students efamilieshavelessaccesstooff-campussportsAmandaRipleyarguesthatAmericashouldlearnfromothercountriesthatrankhighininternationaltestsandlaylessemphasisonathletics.Accordingtotheauthor,AmandaRipleyfailstonotethatstudents’performanceinexamsvariesfromstatetostate.AmandaRipleythinksthatathleticcoachesarepooratclassroomJamesColeman’slaterresearchmakesanargumentforaschool’ssocialResearchersfindthatthereisapositiverelationshipbetweenaschool’scommitmenttoathleticsandacademicachievements.Arigorousstudyfindsthatathleticcoachesalsodowellinraisingstudents’testAccordingtoanevaluation,sportsprogramscontributetostudents’academicperformanceandcharacterAmandaRipleybelievestheemphasisonschoolsportsshouldbebroughtupwhentryingtounderstandwhyAmericanstudentsaremediocre.JamesColemansuggestsinhisearlierwritingsthatschoolathleticswouldundermineaschool’sSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingItiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereisalessspicuouskindofsocialupheaval(剧变)underwaythatisfastalteringboththefaceofthenetandthewayhumanbeingsliveThatchangeistherapidaccelerationofurbanization.In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,morethanhalftheworld’spopulationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedecadestocome—withanenormousimpactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.AsKarenSeto,theleadauthorofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn’tjustaboutthemigrationofpeopleintourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselves ingbiggertomodateallthosepeople.TherapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanHumansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendiscethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities—especiallyinthedensetropi-cals—carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereaswell.It’struethataspeopleindevelonationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperaypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthecountrysideslashandburnseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfarming.Buttherealdifferenceisthatindevelonations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoftenleadstoan panyingincreasein e—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreaseintheconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesariseincarbonemissions.Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomfortoflivingfullyonthegridiscertainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.Theurbanizationwavecan’tbestopped—anditshouldn’tbe.ButSeto’spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceofmanagingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization’simpactontheenvironment.“There’sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureandresponsibilitytothinkabouthowweurbanize,”saysSeto.“Onethingthat’sclearisthatwecan’tbuildcitiesthewaywehaveoverthelastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleofthistransitionwon’tallowthat.”We’reheadedtowardsanurbannetnomatterwhat,butwhetherit esheavenorisuptous.Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople’sattentionTheshrinkingbiodiversity C)TheongoingglobaleconomicTherapidincreaseofworld D)TheimpactofacceleratingInwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasiveTheyaremuchgreedierthanotherTheyareauniquespeciesbornto otherspeciesoutoftheirTheyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingInwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheMorelandwillbe forThepressureonfarmlandwillbeCarbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyNaturalresourceswillbeusedmoreWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutlivingcomfortablyintheItincursahighenvironmentalItbringspovertyandinsecuritytoanItcausesabigchangeinpeople’sItnarrowsthegapbetweencityandWhatcanbedonetominimizethenegativeimpactofurbanizationaccordingtoSlowingdownthespeedofInnovativeuseofadvancedAppropriatemanagementoftheEnhancingpeople’ssenseofPassageQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingWhenHarvardstudentMarkZuckerberglaunched inFeb.2004,evenhecouldnotimaginethesitwouldletloose.Hisintentwastoconnectcollegestudents.,whichiswhatthiswebsiterapidlyevolvedinto,endedupconnectingtheworld.Tothechildrenofthisconnectedera,theworldisonegiantsocialnetwork.Theyarenotbound—aswerepreviousgenerationsofhumans—bywhattheyweretaught.Theyareonlylimitedbytheircuriosityandambition.Duringmychildhood,allknowledgewaslocal.Youlearnedeverythingyouknewfromyourparents,teachers,preachers,andfriends.Withthehigh-qualityandtimelyinformationattheirfingertips,today’schildrenarerisingabovethefearsandbiasesoftheirparents.Adultsarealsoparticipatinginthisrevolution.’snormallytamemiddleclassisspeakingupagainstsocialills.SiliconValleyexecutivesarebeingshamedintoaddingwomentotheirboards.Politicalleadersaremarshallingtheenergyofmillionsforelectionsandpoliticalcauses.Allofthisisbeingdonewithsocialmediathat anditscompetitorsset.Asdoeseveryadvancingtechnology,socialmediahascreatedmanynewproblems.Itiscommonlyaddictiveandcreatesrisksforyoungerusers.SocialmediaisusedbyextremistsintheMiddleEastandelse-wheretoseekandbrainwashrecruits.Anditexposesusandourfriendstodisagreeablespying.Wemayleaveourlightsoninthehousewhenweareonvacation,butthroughsocialmediawelcriminalsexactlywhereweare,whenwentoreturnhome,andhowtoblackmail(敲诈)ernmentsdon’tneedinformersanymore.Socialmediaallowsernmentagenciestospyontheirowncitizens.Werecordourthoughts,emotions,likesanddislikeson;weshareourpoliticalviews,socialpreferences,andns.Wepostintimatephotographsofourselves.Nospyagencyorcriminalorgani-zationcouldactivelygatherthetypeofdatathatwevoluntarilypostforthem.Themarketersarealsoseeingbigopportunities.Amazonistryingtopredictwhatwewillorder.istryingtojudgeourneedsandwantsbasedonoursocial-mediaprofiles.Weneedtobeawareoftherisksandkeepworkingtoalleviatethedangers.Regardlessofwhatsocialmediapeopleuse,onethingiscertain:weareinaperiodofacceleratingchange.Thenextdecadewillbeevenmoreamazingandunpredictablethanthelast.Justasnoonecouldpre-dictwhatwouldhappenwithsocialmediainthelastdecade,noonecanaccuraypredictwherethistech-nologywilltakeus.Iamoptimistic,however,thataconnectedhumanitywillfindawaytoupliftitself.Whatwasthepurpose whenitwasfirstTohelpstudentsconnectwiththeoutsideTobringuniversitystudentsintocloserTohelpstudentslearntoliveinaconnectedTocombinetheworldintoanintegralWhatdifferencedoessocialmediamaketoLocalknowledgeandglobalknowledgewillStudents emorecuriousandPeopleareabletolearnwherevertheySourcesofinformationaregreatlyWhatistheauthor’sgreatestconcernwithsocialmediaIndividualsandorganizationsmayuseitforevilernmentwillfindithardtoprotectclassifiedPeoplemaydisclosetheirfriends’informationPeople’sattentionwillbeeasilydistractedfromtheirworkinWhatdobusinessesusesocialmediaCreatingagoodcorporate C)Conductinglarge-scalemarketAnticipatingtheneedsof D)MinimizingpossiblerisksandWhatdoestheauthorthinkofsocialmediaasaItwillenablehumansocietytoadvanceatafasterItwillposeagravethreattoourtraditionalwaysofItisboundtobringaboutanotherinformationItbreaksdownthefinalbarriersinhuman3030Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.自从1978年启动以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，并经历了经济和社会的快速发展。年均10％的GDP增长已使五亿多入脱贫。的“千年mlenim）发展目标”国现在7％的经济年增长目标表明意在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。2014年12月������（第��）解思维导思维导作作文审这是一篇图画类作文。行文 1.抓住图画下方的词school，sudyng和ictonsecion。2.借助图画内容和题目提示，可提炼出——学习无捷径。3.确定行文思路——描述图画+提出观点+分析原因+总结全文；总结时，注意观点要明确。 Thecartoondepictsthat…WhatthecartoontriestoconveyisThereIsNoto Manyexamplescanwellillustratethistheme.AcaseinpointcanTherefore…thereisnoshortcutto高分范名师点第一段简要描述图画的内容：一名学生问管理员《如何在学校不学习而又能表现优异》这本书收藏在哪里，图书管理员回答说在小说区。结合图画内容及题目要求，提炼出本文的第二段承接第一段，列举实例说明学习无捷径：首先，是一个很好的例子，如果不是他的踏实努力和ThereIsNoShortcutto①Thecartoondepictsthatastudent,withabookinhishand,attemptstosearchforabooktitledHowDoWellInSchoolWithoutStudying,onlytobetoldstudentisdaydreamingaboutgainwithoutpain,whichisanythingbutrealistic.③Whatthecartoontriestoconveyisthatnoshortcuttolearningdoeseverexist.④Manyexamplescanwellillustratethistheme.⑤AcaseinpointcanbeAlbertEinstein,thoughagenius,butforhisearnesteffortsanddiligenceinlearning,hewouldnotriseabovepeer eagreatscientist.⑤Moreover,②现象：学生期待不劳而获，这绝③点明寓意：学习无④用实例阐述学习无⑤阐述学习无捷径的勤奋，他也不可能theoldsayinggoes,nopain,nogain,andlearning⑥论证在学校中⑦重申自己的观点，daydreamabout幻想anythingbut根本不是risev.超群，突出，出众exceptionn.例同辈，成为一个伟大noexception.⑥Seldomcanstudentshave科学家；其次，正如performanceinschooliftheyalwaysidle话所说的，不劳无获awaybecauseknowledgecannotbestoredin学习亦是第三段总结全文，明⑦Therefore,ascollegestudents,weshould表明自己的观点：作arightattitudetowardslearning,andmake大学生，我们应当在effortsinschoolasthereisnoshortcutto习中端正态度，踏实力，因为学习无捷径Thecartoondepictsthat .Whatthecartoontriestoconveyisthat Manyexamplescanwellillustratethistheme.Acaseinpointcanbe, .Moreover, 论证2. attemptv尝performancen.表librarianidletimeaway虚度光diligencen.勤勉，勤Part ReadingSection 词性分析名词 ，梗概D)duplicationH)miniature；动词 写……的；抽取，提取C)deserted遗弃，抛弃，离弃K)overturning决定/裁决等Lseparated把……隔开；使分离Otempting引诱 C)deserted空寂无人的 F)identical完全相同的；�常相似的H)miniature很小的，�型的J)ordinary普通的，平常的L)（夫妻）分居的；（）不再同居的M)surrounding附近的；四周的O)tempting副词B)compley完全地，全部地，彻底地I)nothing一点都不像/某物G)increasingly益，越�越多地Nsystematically系统化地，有条理地，细致周到ItItwas10yearsago,onawarmJulynight,thatnewbornlambtookherfirstbreathinasmallshedinScotland.Fromtheoutside,shelookednodifferentfromthousandsofothersheepbornon(36)surrounding(37)ordinarylamb.ShewasclonedfromasinglecellofandogmathathaddeclaredsuchathingbiologicallyAdecadelater,scientistsarestartingtocometogripswithjusthowdifferentDollywas.Dozensofanimalshavebeenclonedsincethatfirstlamb—mice,cats,cows,and,mostrecently,adog—andit’sing(39)increasinglyclearthattheyareall,inonewayoranother,It’s(40)temptingtothinkofclonesasperfectcarboncopiesoftheoriginal.Itturnsout,though,thattherearevariousdegreesofgenetic(41)duplication.Thatmaycomeasashocktopeoplewhohavepaidthousandsofdollarstocloneapetcatonlyto

十年之后，科学家们才开始多莉是特而且科学家们[39]明白所有的克隆动物都在某种方把克隆体�作原的完美复制品，这种想法让人[40]神。然而，结果是[41]程度各异。这�于很多人无异于����，他们��千美�想要克隆出自己的�物猫，最后�现新出生的克隆猫的长相和行为和自己的爱�thatthatthebabycatlooksandbehaves(42)nothingliketheirbelovedpet—withadifferent-colorcoatoffur,perhaps,ora(43)compleydifferentattitudetowarditshumanhosts.Andthesearejusttheobviousdifferences.Not

或者�待主人的态度也和以前那只猫[43] 分这些还只是一些明显的差异。克隆动物不仅要分areclones(44)separatedfromtheoriginalte(模板)bytime,buttheyarealsotheproductof

时间来与其原

，而且是一种�自然unnaturalmolecularmechanismthatturnsoutnottobeverygoodatmaking(45)identicalcopies.Infact,theprocesscanembedsmallflawsinthegenesofclonesthatscientistsareonlynowdiscovering.

子机制的产物，这一机制并不�于生成 埋藏一些�小的缺陷，科学家现在才发现这个问题【解析】M)。空前的介词on和空后的名词farms提示，本空应填形容词，修饰farms。这里将anewbornlamb与thousandsofothersheep作�比，新出生的小羊诞生在一个小��里（inasmallshed），所以on36farms与inasmallshed形成�照。本空所在句说明，�外表��，这只小羊与农场�诞生的其他成千�万只羊没有什么区别，故答案为M)surrounding（附近的；四周的）。【点睛】J)ordinary（普通的，平常的）语义�可以说得通，但结合�下文�，如果用ordinary修【解析】J。空前的no和空后的amb提示，本空应填形容词，修饰amb。注意本句与�一句的转折关系，�一句，多莉外表�与他羊没什么区别（odeentom），bu提示本的言之意是“尽管多莉�外表�与其他羊没有什么区别，但实际�多莉还是与其他羊不同�，也就是说多莉并不是一只普通的羊，形容词备选项中只有J)odnay）noodna与no-eent��buJ)oday。)denca（denca�dencalbu后文“它是�一头成年母羊的单个细胞中克隆出来的�J。【解析】K)。空前是一个�立完整的句子，空后则是一个由that引导的定语�句修饰的名词短语。可ogeldcencdga项中锁定Koverturning与Otempting。很显然shewasclonedfromasinglecellofanadultfemalesheep（它在生物学�不可能）这种�条�法，所以选K)overturning（决定/裁决等）。)【解析】G)。句子主干完整且本空位于形容词cea之前提示，本空应填副词。空前的t指代的是hat�eyaea,noeayoranoe,deece�是有缺陷的�这一点科学家们一开始并不明白，�后两内容又可知科学家们也是逐渐才“所�)nceasngy（日益，越�越多地），【点睛】B)compley（完全地，全部地，彻底地），强调科学家们一开始就完全明白“所有的克隆物都在某种方面是有缺陷的�，显然与文章最后一句提到的“实际�，克隆的过程会在克隆中产生一些�小的缺陷，科学家现在才发现这个问题�相。N)syseacay（系统化地，有条理地，细致周到地，语义�人，但与事实不符。所以，本题答案为O)tempting（的，吸引人的）。【点睛】 （纯理论的，纯概念的，抽象的）和F)identical（完全相同的；非常相似的）均与【解析】D)。空前的ofgenetic提示，本空应填名词。本句与�一句之间的衔接词though提示本句表达的 Ia副词。很多人不惜�费成千�万的美�克隆自己的�物猫，他们显然是希望克隆猫会与自己的爱�完�的�不同，�eet-coroatofudeentadeadshans（o和行义。因此，本题答案为I)nothing。nothinglikesb/sth意为“一点都不像/某物�。选项中只有选项中只有B)符合此处语义，说明different程度之深。所以，本题答案为B)compley（)【解析】L)。本句中缺少谓语以及空前的ae提示，所填词为过去分词，同时该词应能与from搭配。符合�述条件的选项只有)sepaaed，填入句子后意思是“克隆动物不仅要有时间与其原分离�。)epaae（。)的缺陷，本空所在句theyarealsotheproductofthatturnsoutnottobeverygoodatmaking45copies与41空所在句itturnsoutthough,thattherearevariousdegreesofgenetic41遥相呼应，说明并不能克隆出与原完全相同的品，所以45copies与41题处的duplication同义，故本题答案为F)identical（完全相Section本文本文日TheAtlantic（》 �的一篇文章。文章主要讨论�高中体竞赛是否会影响教学水平的问题，作者通过一系列论述最终得出结论——高中体育竞赛不会影响学水平全文翻译语篇分析 达 中（outperform）的国家不同，的学校太过强调体育活动�。[54]“体 （areembeddedin）学校之中，其程度之深近乎罕见，��这样写道，“然而我们在国内讨论教育在国际�的平庸表现时��未提及这种差别。�认为，的学生运动员通过参与体育活动�而（reap）�许多益处，但学校所付出的代价要（outweigh）学生获得的益处。�还特别提出，体育运动与学校教学任务相，[47]应该向韩国、芬兰以及其他在国际测试中分�前茅的国家学习，这些国家远没有那样重视学校体育活动。�2010

育活动的时间都是韩国的两倍多。� 在《高等学术季》�的一项研究，“即使到�八年级，�子用于与其他国家相比，体育在高中的地位或许的确更加根深蒂�。但在�过�国际测试的分�之后，我们没有发现任何反�学校体育活动的依据。事实�，国内外的研究都使我们得出相反的结论，即由学校发起的体育活动似乎为学生���使他们在学业�的成功��很多人痴迷于�国际测试分�的比较（comparisons），这种比较显示出�与其他国家之间巨大而可怕的差距，�的观点正（indulges）�这种心理。[48]但是��忽略�一点：各州在考试分��的差异不比发达国家国与国之间的差异小。哈佛大学201年的一项报告显示，马萨诸塞州学生的�学成绩与韩国和芬兰学生的相当，而密西西比州的则与特立�达和多巴哥的相近。�关于体fllaat�体育项目，而芬兰的学校并没有。密西西比州的学生或许热爱�球，而多巴哥的 的投入就应当与学业成绩之间存在消极关系。但事实�，阿肯�大学的��尔�和��·格�得出的结论��相反。为�研究体育与�学的关系，他们分析�俄亥俄州所有公立高中在五年之中体育活动获胜的比例、学生运动员的参与度与毕业�和标准化测试成绩的关系。在学生贫富程度、人口统计状况和地区财力都相当的情况下，[51]学校重视体育活动的这两种表现——比赛获胜�大、学生参与度运动场�的成功与参与度高之间有�密切的关系——体育运动需要运动员精神集并且为之（dedication）。有人或许认为这会导致学校痴迷于赢得比赛继而忽�学。��和格�的研究成果反驳�这一观点。而他们的研究成果之所以会与大家的相反可能是因为体育项目�的成功其实会促�或反映出学校集体中更强大的社会资本。（groundbreaking）。[55]科尔曼在早期的研究中蔑视体育活动，认为体育活动挤

��学任务的位置。里普��他1961年的研究成果《青少年社会》，文中科尔曼写道：[55]奖杯陈列柜会让不�解情况的参观者以为自己走��体育，而不是�育机构�

~[J段论证[H][H][50]显示的�是学校的成就是如何在很大程度�童成长过程中都很重要。 53]2013年所�人——体育��的项目�男��和平均绩点�����的��。在项目的��减少�。项目结�[J]如果未�由学校发起的体育活动全部被取消，许多学生仍然有机会在其他场合参与有组织的体育活动，就像芬兰、德国和韩国的学生一样。但我们不能确定家庭条件较差的�子是否会有这样的机会。[46]纵观针�们发现家庭条件较差的�子参与这些项目的比例明显较低。他们发现�菲家庭条件较差的学生�中获得的益处，特别是他们接触日常�学之外的正面榜菲的机会�� ��的校长在决定雇用哪位�师时总是考虑学校的运动队，这�学生�说不一定总是好事。�其理由是，为�当体育�练而在学校谋职的�师很可能推卸他们的�学职责。此外，即使他们受雇的第一岗位是�师，第二岗位才是体育�练，与�练相关然而，�据似乎无法证实这种成见。[52]在一项最为严谨的针�高中体育�练�学成果的研究中，阿肯�大学的安娜·爱嘉�特发现，佛罗里达州的体育�练在提高学生考试成绩方面的表现大多与其他不是�练的�师一样好。我们并不怀疑，在本该用于履行�学职责的时间被占用时身为体育�练的�师应该认真�行权衡。然而，在体育项目中，�练能得到与学生沟通和充当导师角�的机会，这可能会帮助学生获得成功，并弥补被�练工作占用的时间和精力。如果学校允许学生运动员因外出比赛而常常缺课，这就糟糕�。但如果学校和

如果经验的话，而为此付出的代价也是值得的

�达[M]段就如何更尽管人们�体育文化有成见，而且�认定，�学与体育活动是相互的，但我们认为，的显示，由学校发起的体育项目似乎�学生有益。运动场�的成功能被�到课堂�，反之亦然。更重要的是，寻找方法增加学校集体中社会成本不仅�运动员，且�整个学校的成功都 （mprtie[J]Ifschool-sponsoredsportswerecompleyelimi-[J]Ifschool-sponsoredsportswerecompleyelimi-haveopportunitiestoparticipateinorganizedathle-certainwhenitcomestostudentsfrommoredisad-onnon-schoolbasedafter-schoolprograms,resear-chersfindthatdisadvantagedchildrenparticipateintheseprogramsatsignificantlylowerrates.Theyfindthat fees,andoff-campussafety.…【定位】根据题目中的students， havelessaccess和off-campus将本题出处定位于[J]

【解析】[J]。[J]段第句中的 略了toparticipateintheseprograms，再结合第3句的内容可知，theseprograms指的就是non-schoolbasedafter-schoolprograms。由此可见，[J]段第4句意在表达�自低收入家庭的学生参与校外体育项目的机会较小。本[B][B]Americanstudent-athletesreapmanybenefitsfromparticipatinginsports,butthecoststotheschoolscouldoutweightheirbenefits,sheargues.Inparti-cular,Ripleycontendsthatsportscrowdouttheacademicmissionsofschools:AmericashouldlearnfromSouthKoreaandFinlandandeveryothercountryatthetoplevelofinternationaltestscores,allofwhomemphasizeathleticsfarlessinschool.“Evenineighthgrade,AmericankidsspendmorethantwicethetimeKoreankidsspendyingsports,”shewrites,citinga2010studypublishedintheJournalofAdvancedAcademics.【译文】达·�认为应该向其他【定位】根据题目中的Americashouldlearnfrom，internationaltests，emphasis和athletics将【解析】[B]。[B]段第2句冒号后的内容提到，（达·�提出）应该向韩国、芬兰以及其他在国际测试中分数名列前茅的国家学习，这些国家远没有那样重视学校体育活动。由此可见，·�认为应该向其他在国际试中名列前茅的学习，减少�体育运动的视。本题是该句的同义转述，其中的rankhigh�应文中的atthetoplevelAccordingtotheauthor,AmandaRipleyfailstonotethatstudents’performanceinexamsvariesfromstatetostate.【译文】在作者 达 【定位】根据题目中的vares和state将本题出处定位于D段第2句。

[D]Ripleyindulgesapopularobsession(痴迷)withinternationaltestscorecomparisons,whichshowwideandfrighteninggapsbetweentheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Sheignores,however,thefactthatstatesvaryatleastasmuchintestscoresasdodevelopedcountries.A2011reportfromHarvardUniversityshowsthatMassachusettsproducesmathscorescomparabletoSouthandFinland,whileMississippiscoresareclosertoTrinidadandTobago.Ripley’sthesisaboutsportsfallsapartinlightofthisfact…【解析】[]。[段第2句提，·�忽�，就各在试数的异不比发达国家间的异小由此可，作认为·没意各学考成的异本是�该句的同义转述，其中的failstonote�应文中的ignores；students’performanceinexams�应testscores；variesfromstatetostate�应statesvary。[K]AnotherunfoundedcriticismthatRipleymakesisbringingupthestereotypethatathleticcoachesaretypicallylousy(蹩脚的classroom[K]AnotherunfoundedcriticismthatRipleymakesisbringingupthestereotypethatathleticcoachesaretypicallylousy(蹩脚的classroomteachers.“Ame-ricanprincipals,unlikethevastmajorityofprinci-palsaroundtheworld,makemanyhiringdecisionswiththeirsportsteamsinmind,whichdoesnotalwaysendwellforstudentsshewritesEducatorswhoseekemploymentatschoolsprimarilyforpurposeofcoachingarelikelytoshirk(推卸teach-ingresponsibilities,theargumentgoes…【译文】达·�认为体育�练的课堂【定位】根据题目中的Ripley，athleticcoaches和【解析】[K]。[K]段第1句提到，��体育�练存在成见，认为他们通常都是蹩脚的课堂老师，即他们的课堂�学能力都很薄弱。本题是�该句的同义转述，其中的arepooratclassroominstruction�应文中的are…lousyclassroomteachers。JamesColeman’slaterresearchmakesanargumentforaschool’ssocialcapital.【定位】根据题目中的Coleman，laterresearch和socialcapital将本题出处定位于[H]段第1句。

However,inlaterresearchColemanwouldshowhowthesuccessofschoolsishighlydependentonwhathetermedsocialcapital,“thenorms,thesocialnetworks,andtherelationshipsbetweenadultsandchildrenthatareofvalueforthechild’sgrowingup.” Researchersfindthatthereisapositiverelationshipbetweenaschool’scommitmenttoathleticsandacademicachievements.【定位】根据题目中的aschool’scommitmenttoathletics和academicachievements将本题出处定位

[E]IfitistruethatsportsunderminetheacademicmissionofAmericanschools,wewouldexpecttoseeanegativerelationshipbetweenthecommit-menttoathleticsandacademicachievement.How-ever,theUniversit