直接引语-间接引语-高三英语一轮复习

直接引语&间接引语概念直接引语：使用引号引出别人的原话，这叫直接引语；间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话转述出来，这叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句，直接引语变间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、标点符号、大小写、语序等都要作相应变化。一、人称的变化>人称变化记忆口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主：引号内的第一人称变间接引语时与主句主语的人称保持一致。Shesaid,"I'maseniorpartnerinalawfirm."→Shesaidthatshewasaseniorpartnerinalawfirm.二随宾：引号内的第二人称变间接引语时与主句宾语的人称保持一致。HesaidtoLily,"Youmustmakegooduseofthechance.'→HetoldLilythatshemustmakegooduseofthechance.第三人称不更新：引号内的第三人称在变间接引语时人称不变。Shesaidtome,"Theywanttopurchaseanewcar."→Shetoldmethattheywantedtopurchaseanewcar.二、语序、主句谓语动词的变化及引导词的使用1.直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain，think等。Hesaid,"I'mamazedatyourrapidrecovery."→Hesaid(that)hewasamazedatmyrapidrecovery.2.直接引语是疑问句时间接引语用陈述语序，主句的谓语动词say改为ask或wonder。(1)一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if或whether引导的宾语从句。hesaid,"DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?"→Sheaskedmeif/whetherIlikedwatchingthefvertisementsonTV.Shesaid,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven'tyou?"→Shewonderedif/whetherIhadseenthefilm.(2)选择疑问句变为whether………从句。Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoseeafilmtonight?"→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoseeafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。Heasked,"Whocuredyouofyourtoothache?"→Heaskedmewhohadcuredmeofmytoothache.【误区警示】直接引语“What'sthematterr”变为间接引语时，语序不变。Heasked,"What'sthematter?"→Heaskedwhatwasthematter.3.直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为动词不定式，作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语。Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Don'tfallforthattrick."-→Theteachertoldtheboynottofallforthattrick.【误区警示】有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest,insist等动词加以转述。Hesaid,"Let'sgotothelecturehall."→Hesuggested(our)goingtothelecturehall.→Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothelecturehall.4.直接引语是感叹句时间接引语用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.→Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.三、时态的变化如果主句的时态为一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语中原来的时态。如果主句的谓语动词为过去式，间接引语的时态按下列规则变化：（1）一般现在时→一般过去时（2）现在进行时→过去进行时（3）一般将来时→过去将来时（4）现在完成时→过去完成时（5）一般过去时→过去完成时（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时【误区警示】（1）如果直接引语表示的是客观真理或事实，变为间接引语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。Hesaid,"I'maboy,notagirl."→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.（2）如果直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。Thesailorsaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."→Thesailortoldmethathewasbornin1973.（3）如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，在变为间接引语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymoring."→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.（4）如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引1导的表示过去的时间状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变原来直接引语主句中的谓语动词的时态，原从句的时态不变。Hesaidtome,"IhavebeenworkingforthebenefitofthecommunitysinceIcamehere."→Hetoldmethathehadbeenworkingforthebenefitofthecommunitysincehecamehere.四、指示代词、表示时间的词、表示地点的词及方向性动词的变化类别在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthatthesethose表时间nowthentodaythatdaythisweek/month/yearthatweek/month/yearyesterdaythedaybeforelastweek/month/yeartheweek/month/yearbeforethreedays/oneyearagothreedays/oneyearbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextweek/month/yearthenext/followingweek/month/year表地点herethere方向性动词bringtakecomego语法集训一.把下列直接引语变为间接引语I.Shesaidtome,"I'mstudyingEnglishthesedays.

→Shetoldmethat______________________English2.Sheasked,"Areyoupreparingforitnow?"

→Sheaskedme________________________preparing

forit________.3.Heaskedher“CanyouspeakEnglish?"

→Heaskedher_________speakEnglish4.Myparentsaskedme,"Howareyougettingalongwithyourwork?"→Myparentsaskedmehow_____________getting

alongwith_____work.5.Thehistoryteachersaidtothem,"TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly23rd,1921."→ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistParty_________onJuly23rd,1921.6.Theteachersaid,"Theearthisround,notflat."→Theteachersaidthattheearth_______round,notflat.7.Mumasked,"What'sthematter?"→Mumaskedme_______thematter.8.Themonitorsaid,"Standup!"

→Themonitor____us____________.9."Don'tspitinthepark,"myfathersaid.→Myfather_____me___________spitinthe

park.10."Wherewereyouyesterday?"theteacherasked→Theteacherasked_______thedaybefore.二.单句写作班主任经常告诉我们应该诚实、自信、乐于助人。Ourheadteacheroften________others

thatwe______honest,confidentandreadytohelpothers.2.他说你如果偶然发现些瑕疵但还想要这辆自行车，可以让店员降低价格。Hesays______________butyoustillwantthebicycle,asktheshop

assistanttoreducetheprice.3.汤姆的妈妈问汤姆是否已经完成了家庭作业。Tom'smotheraskedTom_________________.4.他告诉了我我说话带有爱尔兰口音让他们感到多么惊奇。Hetoldme_________________IwastalkinginanIrishaccent.三.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ecotourismiscommonlyregardedaslowimpact(影响)traveltoundisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome1_____(educate)abouttheareas-bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe2_______(develop)ofthe

localareas.Ecotourismhas3___(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept4_____thelate1980s.Duringthattime,increasingenvironmentalawarenessmadeitdesirable.Dueto5______growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes6_____tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:◎Minimizetheimpactof7_______(visit)theplace.◎Buildrespectforandawarenessoftheenvironmentandculturalpractices.◎Provide8____(finance)aidandotherbenefits

forlocalpeoples.◎Makesurethatthetourismprovidespositiveexperiencesforboththevisitorsandthehosts.KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,is