高中英语Unit2LanguageSectionⅢGrammar-名词

SectionⅢGrammar——名词性从句(Ⅱ)与

it

作形式主语语境自主意会先察看原句①Thatis

whyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.②It

isinteresting

tolearnhowthewordsforanimalsandmeatdeveloped.③It

iscertain

thatthisprocesswillcontinue...④Ialwayswonderedtogiveme.

whenIwouldgettheEnglishnovelmyparentshadpromised⑤WhatIalwaysdreamtof

hascometrue.⑥It

isfun

wanderinginthecountryside.后自主感悟第①、④、⑤句中的黑体部分都是名词性从句，它们分别在各自的句子中作表语、宾语和主语。第②、③、⑥句中的黑体部分都是it作形式主语的用法，it分别代替的是动词不定式、主语从句和动名词短语。一、连结代词、连结副词指引的名词性从句1．由what，which，who/whom，whose等连结代词和when，where，why，how等连结副词指引的名词性从句在句子中能够充任主语、宾语、表语或同位语。主语从句Whatsurpriseduswasherignorance.使我们惊讶的是她的无知。Wherewewillgohasn'tbeendecided.我们要去哪儿还没有定下来。Whenshewillcomeisstillunknown.她何时来还不知道。宾语从句Theschoolwasbuiltonwhatusedtobeawasteland.这所学校是在从前的荒地上建筑的。Nowwedon'tknowhowthepyramidswerebuilt.此刻我们不知道金字塔是怎样建筑的。Pleasetellmewhosebookitis.请告诉我这是谁的书。表语从句Theproblemishowwecouldmakehimunderstandit.问题是我们怎样能使他理解这些。Thequestioniswhereweshouldgo.问题是我们应当去哪儿。Hewasill.Thatwaswhyhedidn'tattendthemeeting.他病了。那就是他没列席会议的原由。Hedidn'tattendthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.他没列席会议。那是由于他患病了。同位语从句Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.我不知道他去哪里了。Wedon'tunderstandtheproblemwhythisisthebestchoice.我们不理解这个问题——为何这是最好的选择。2．连结代词和连结副词的选择连结代词和连结副词的选摘要掌握住两点：(1)成分：连结代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连结副词在从句中作状语。意义：不论是连结代词仍是连结副词，往常都有各自的意义。That'swheretheaccidenttookplace.那就是事故发生的地方。(作状语，意为“的地方”)Shedidn'tknowwho/whomweweretalkingabout.她不知道我们在讨论谁。(作介词宾语，意为“谁”)[即时操练1]选词填空：when，why，how，which，what，who，whomDoyouknowwhenthetrainarrives.Canyoutellmewhyyouchosethetopictowriteanarticle.HowIcanmakegreaterprogresslaterisaproblem.Whichteamwillwinisnotclear.WhatIwanttoknowiswhotookawaymybook.Theproblemiswhomweshouldhavedoit.3．what与that的用法差别(1)that只起连结作用，在从句中不充任任何成分，也无任何意义。(2)what指引从句，除起连结作用外，还在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，这时what拥有两个含义：①保存疑问的意义，即“什么；什么样的”；②相当于“

thething(s)that/which

”，即“先行词＋定语从句”的含义。此外，

what

的此种用法还能够表示时间

(thetimethat)

、地址

(theplacethat)

、人物(thepersonthat)Youcanhave

、数量(theamount/numberthat)whatyoulike.

等不一样观点。你喜爱什么就拿什么吧。Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthisaddress.麻烦在于她弄丢了他的地址。Afterwhatseemedalongwait，theresultswereannounced.经过了仿佛漫长的等候以后，结果被宣告了。[即时操练2]单句改错Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.That→What②Thekeyisthatwecangetfromit.that

→what③Hesavesthatheearns.that

→whatIknowthefactwhathecameheretwoyearsago.what→that4．“疑问词＋-ever”与“nomatter＋疑问词”的用法差别whoever，whatever，whichever等既可指引名词性从句又可指引退步状语从句，而“nomatter＋疑问词”只好指引退步状语从句。[即时操练3]句型变换Anyonewhocomeshereiswelcome.Whoevercomeshereiswelcome.Youcandoanythingyoulike.Youcandowhateveryoulike.二、it用作形式主语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为防止虎头蛇尾，往常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真实的主语放在句子末端。1．取代主语从句it取代主语从句的常用句式以下：(1)Itbe

＋名词

(apity

，ashame，anhonour

，agoodidea

，amiracle

，afact

，commonknowledge，asurprise...)＋从句。ItisapitythatIcan'tgowithyoubecauseIhavetolookaftermylittlebrother.很遗憾我不可以和你一同去，由于我一定照看我的弟弟。Itis

commonknowledge

that

theearthturnsaroundthesun.

地球围着太阳转是知识。(2)It

be＋形容词

(clear

，possible

，likely

，natural

，certain

，fortunate

，necessary

，strange

，uncertain

，obvious，important...)

＋从句。Itis

obvious

thattheyarefortheplan.很显然他们赞成此项计划。(3)It

＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，chance，occur，matter...)

＋从句。Ithappened/chanced

thatIwasinthecountrysideatthetime.

那时我恰好在乡下。Itseemsthatitisgoingtorainsoon.看起来天立刻要下雨了。(4)It

＋be＋过去分词

(found，believed

，reported，thought，noted，proved

，known，decidedItis

，suggestedreported

，required...)＋从句。thatthefirecausedagreatlossandhundredsofpeopledied.据报导这一次火灾损失巨大而且数百人死亡。[名师点津

](1)“It

＋be＋said/believ

ed/reported/...that...

”句型一般可变换成“

sb./sth.＋besaid/believed/reported/...＋不定式”句型。Itissaidthathehasgotadoctor'sdegree.Heissaidtohavegotadoctor'sdegree.听说他获取了博士学位。(2)在句型“

It

＋is/was

＋adj.＋主语从句”中，假如形容词是

important

，strange

，natural

，necessary

等，从句谓语部分要用“

should＋动词原形”形式，

should

能够省略。Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.我们有必需提早把全部都准备好。(3)在“Itis/was

＋过去分词＋

that...

”构造中，假如动词是

require

，demand，request等，从句谓语部分要用“should＋动词原形”形式，

should

能够省略。Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.要求全部人都不可以在这里抽烟。2．取代不定式短语Itishard

totranslate

thissentenceintoEnglish.把这个句子译成英语很难。3．取代

v.-ing

短语It'snouse

arguing

withhim.

同他争论没用。4．it

作形式主语和

it

用于重申句型的比较it

作形式主语取代主语从句，主假如为了均衡句子构造，主语从句的连结词没有变化，能够是that，whether或连结代词、连结副词。而it重申句则是对句子某一部分进行重申，不论重申的是什么成分，都可用连词that，若被重申部分指人时也可用Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilm.

who。试比较：你没有去看电影真遗憾。Itdoesn'tinterestme

(主语从句)whetheryousucceedornot.你成功与否我都不感兴趣。Itwasinthemorning

(主语从句)thatthemurdertookplace.正是上午的时候谋杀案发生了。(重申句型)ItwasJohnthat/whobrokethewindow.是约翰把窗子打破的。(重申句型)[即时操练4]用it作形式主语改写句子Torememberthisruleisimportant.It'simportanttorememberthisrule.Lyinginthesuninwinterispleasant.Itispleasantlyinginthesuninwinter.Thatherhairwasturninggreyworriedherabit.Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Whatisimportantishowtopersuadehertochangehermind.2．Youmaychoosewhatevertopicyouliketowriteyourcomposition.3．Itisclearthattheweatherwillsoonturnoutfine.4．OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavetimetospendadaywithmykids.5．Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionisjustwhatworriesthepublic.6．－IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.．Whoeverleavestheroomoughttoturnoffthelight.8．Hegotkilledintheaccident.That'sbecausehewascareless.9．ItisveryimportantthateachofuspayattentiontoourEnglishlearning.10．Itremainstobeseenthatthenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.Ⅱ.单句改错1.Whattheboydidn'tworkhardmadehisparentsveryworried.What→That2．Hewaslateforwork.Thatwaswhyhegotuplatethismorning.why→because3．Idon'twanttoofferthisjobtowhomisn'tresponsibleforhiswork.whom→who/whoever4．Therewasnowonderthatshelookedsohappythatday.

There→It5．Itmakesnodifferenceifthey