建筑机电安装工程等中英词汇大全

施工现场常用标识语Construction

Site

建筑工地

Apologize

for

any

inconvenience

caused

during

building

operation

对施工期间带来的不便表示歉意。

Danger

of

death.

Keep

out.

生命危险，严禁入内。

Danger，building

site,

keep

out

工地危险，禁止入内。

Danger，evacuation

危险,请走开

Dangerous

structure,

this

bridge

is

unsafe

危险结构，该桥不安全。

Hot

work

in

progress

正在施工

No

persons

allowed

beyond

this

point

任何人不许越过此处。

Safety

footwear.穿安全靴

Safety

helmets

must

be

worn

on

this

site

此工地必须戴安全帽。

Site

entrance,

dangerous

工地入口，危险

Slow,

site

entrance

工地入口请慢行

This

button

has

been

moved

for

remedial

work

该按钮已卸下拿去修理。

This

is

just

for

construction

personnel

仅供施工人员使用。

This

lift

is

only

for

construction

personal

此电梯仅供施工人员使用。

This

work

will

be

completed

by

the

end

of

this

year.

Thank

you

for

your

patience

during

the

inevitable

disruption

此工程于年底完工，感谢你施工期间的宽容大度。

We

apologize

for

any

inconvenience

caused

during

this

works

对施工期间引起的不便表示歉意。

Working

overhead

上面在施工

工程词汇大全一项目建议Projectsuggestion1.11项目概况Projectgeneralsituation资格qualification预备资格prequalification商务条款与条件commercialtermsandcondition商务commercial技术technical技术说明technicalspecification建议书proposalbook资料费informationprice估价estimatedprice报价quotedprice报价书quotation1.2报价资料Quotationdocument工艺说明processdescription工艺特点processfeature经验记载experiencerecord工艺性能processperformance设备表equipmentlist说明，规定，规格specification简要说明shortspecification条件图sketchdrawing流程图flowdiagram平衡图balancediagram方框图blockdiagramP&图P&Idiagram单线图singlelinediagram布置图layout平面布置图plotplan总图generalplotplan(generallayout)附件appendix资料，文件documentation1.3合同技术用语保证guarantee性能保证performanceguarantee时间保证timeguarantee交货保证deliveryguarantee建造保证workmanshipguarantee生产能力capacity质量quality消耗量consumption原材料feedstock原料rawmaterial辅助原料sub-rawmaterial产品product副产品by-product中间产品intermediate公用工程utility燃料fuel化学品chemical界区batterylimits界区（进料）incoming界区（出料）outgoing界区条件batterylimitscondition（配管图）分界线matchline工厂、装置plant设备equipment关键设备criticalequipment专利设备proprietaryequipment有位号设备itemizedequipment无位号设备non-itemizedequipment散装材料bulkmaterial施工材料materialofconstruction仪表instrument备品备件spareparts建筑工具constructionaid（现场）居住设施accommodation现场派遣expatriate运转率onstreamfactor运转天数streamday系列train日历日calenderday日历月calendermonth机械（试车）完工mechanicalcompletion试车trialoperation初次试车initialoeperation开车startup注油oilin投料feedin首次出料firstdrop保证试运转guaranteetestrun装置验收plantacceptance移交turnover议定书protocol1.4估算estimate估算estimate概算budgetaryestimate推算slide幂指数powerterm（费用）分类、分项价格breakdown外汇foreigncurrency当地货币localcurrency可兑换货币convertiblecurrency专利费licensefee专利权税royalty变动专利权税runningroyalty专有技术费knowhowfee基础设计费basicengineeringfee代理费agentfee手续费commission不可预见费contingency外汇风险exchangerisk易货风险compensation直接费用directcost间接费用indirectcost项目管理费projectexpense现场管理费fieldexpense一般管理费overhead利润profit生活费livingexpense出勤津贴dailyallowance（出差）准备费outfitallowance劳务费labourcost基本工资basewage补偿费payrollburden福利费fringebeneft1.5可行性研究可行性feasibility现场选定siteselection（现场）位置location市场marketing可获利润profitability生产成本productioncost经营费operationcost可变成本variablecost不变成本fixedcost总投资totalinvestmentcost流动资本workingcapital固定资本fixedcapitalcost总资本totalcapitalcost折旧费depreciation现金流量cashflow折现现金流量disccuntcashflow工况研究casestudy产权资本，自有资本equity建设资本利息interestduringconstruction1.6业务范围现场勘测sitesurvey工艺设计processdesign基础设计basicengineering基础设计包basicdesignpackage详细设计detailengineering采购procurement海运oceantransportation陆运inlandtransportation安装erectionwork土建工作civilwork施工constructionwork临时工作temporarywork投料试车commissioning培训training（现场）指导supervisoryservice顾问advisoryservice初步设计preliminaryproject最终设计finalproject基础设施infrastructure上部结构superstructure软件software硬件hardware1.7工厂分类与设计处女地工厂grassrootplant总厂integralplant分厂singleplant成套装置packageplant翻版（设计）厂copyplant生产厂commercialplant中试工厂pilotplant试验室规模装置benchscaleunit石化总厂petrochemicalcomplex下游（厂）downstream(工业）放大scale-up扩建expansion改建、更改modification镜像布置mirrorimage设计余量overdesign降负荷运转turndown清除瓶颈debottlenecking工厂模型plantmodel1.8设备工艺装置processplant装置区内onsite装置区外offsite界区内insidebatterylimit界区外outsidebatterylimit公用工程设施utilityfacility贮存设施storagefacility辅助设施auxiliaryfacility衔接interconnection主变电所mainsubstation发电设施powergenerationfacility事故发电设备emergerncypowergenerationfacility水处理装置watertreatmentfacility冷却塔coolingtower抽水设备waterintakefacility海水淡化装置desalinationfacility蒸汽发生装置steamgenerationfacility仪表空气发生装置instrumentairgenerationfacility惰性气发生装置inertgasgenerationfacility空分装置airseparationfacility罐区tankyard散装贮存设备bulkstoragefacility包装机械baggingfacility制袋设备bagmakingfacility装瓶设备bottlingfacility装货设备loadingfacility卸货设备unloadingfacility铁路侧线railwaysiding栈桥jetty行政办公室administrationbuilding维修车间maintenanceshop中央化验室centrallaboratory内部通信设施intercommunicationfacility广播系统pulicaddresssystem寻呼系统pagingfacility消防设施firefightingfacility安全器具safetyequipment生活设施colony公用设施townshop娱乐设施recreationfacility1.9相关企业承包商contractor主承包商primecontractor分包商subcontractor直接费用dicrecthire专利商licenser转专利者sub-licenser专利使用者licensee专利拥有者patentowner竞争者competitor国际财团consertium合作者collaberator买方（1）buyer（2）purchaser卖方seller厂商vender制造商(1)maker(2)manufacturer业主owner顾问consultant技术顾问technicaladviser用户user最终用户enduser客户（1）customer（2）client代理商agent挂名人dummy二投标合同2.1投标概况询价inquiry报价、估价书quotation/estimation投标、投标书bid/tender投标资料biddocuments预审pre-qualification意向书letterofintent2.2合同用语协议agreement合同、契约contract注销cancellation约定consideration合同转让assignmentofcontract不可抗力forcemajeure仲裁arbitration基本法governinglaw秘密条款（1）secrecyclause（2）non-disclosureclause预定损坏赔偿费liquidateddamages总倍偿额度totalliability连带（债务）jointandseveral优先债权lien免除waiver保证guaranty担保warranty赔偿indemnity定义definition增额escalation罚款penalty支付条款termsofpayment税金taxandduties侵犯专利patentinfringement最高现额ceiling委任书powerofatterney保证金bond2.3合同形式招标合同competitivebidcontract议付合同negotiatedcontractFOB合同FOB-typecontract成套承包合同（1）turnkeycontract（交钥匙合同）（2）chefmontagecontract总付合同lumpsumpricecontract单价契约unitpricecontract正价加附加费合同costplusfeecontract预投标协议pre-bidagreement产品抵债productssharing互购交易counterpurchasetransaction三支付、金融、财务3.1支付、金融支付条款、支付条件paymentterms延期付款deferredpayment留存款项、保留资金retentionmoney定期付款schedulepayment施工分期付款progressivepayment付款交单D/Pdocumentsagainstpayment承兑交单D/Adocumentagainstacceptance信贷、信用credit卖方信贷，供应商信贷supplier,scredit买方信贷buyer,scredit银行借贷bankloan财政、金融finance借款、借贷loan偿还reimburse,reimbursement保证书letterofguarantee信用证、信贷证letterofcredit外汇兑换率exchangerate兑换单，汇票单据documentarybillofexchange汇款、汇兑基金remittance3.2财务自然增长基数accrualbasis资产负债表，决算表balancesheet损益报表P&Lprofitandlossstatement四采购、运输、保险4.1进出口手续exportlicese出口许可证变更E/LamendCOCOMcoordinatingcommittee标准结算方法standardpayment非标准结算方法non-standardpaymentDBCdraw-backcargo出口申报银行exportdeclarationbankE/D出口申报单exportdeclarationcustom进口许可证importlicense进口申报单importdeclaration保税区域bondedarea关税importduty原产地证明书certificateoforigin发票invoice4.2运输装箱单packinglist提单billoflading[B/L]指示提单orderB/L直接提单straightB/L装运提单shippedB/L,ON-boardB/L备运提单receivedB/L不附带条件的提单cleanB/L不洁提单dirtyB/L,foulB/L直运提单directB/L联运提单throughB/L船上收货单mate,sreceipt装货通知单shippingorder[s/o]交货单deliveryorder[d/o]空运货单airwaybill海上运费oceanfreight海上运费同盟freightconference目的地付费freightpayableatdestination出港前付费freightprepaid码头工人搬运费stevedorage空载运费deadfreight船到港预定时间expectedtimeofarrival[ETA]船离港预定时间expectedtimeofdeparture海关快速发货customquickdespatch滞船费demurrage码头搬运商stevedore超尺寸运输over-dimensioncargo4.3保险海上保险marinecargoinsurance现场指导失误保险supervisor,sriskinsurance4.4贸易条件出厂价（1）EXworks（2）EXfactony（3）EXmill海上交货FOB-namedportofshipment合保险海上交货CIF-namedportofdestination国境交货条件francofrontier4.5采购采购procurement厂家vendor厂家一览表vendorlist市场价marketprice黑市价darkprice现价up-to-datepricelevel报价quotation偏差表deviationlist到货时间timeofdelivery支付方式（1）termsofpayment（2）paymentconditions（3）paymentterms延缓支付deferredpayment现金支付cashondelivery分期支付instalmentpayment预先支付downpayment发货前支付advancepayment到货后支付progresspayment计划支付scheduledpayment购买条件termsandconditionsofpurchase折价discount谈判、交涉negotiation澄清clarification购买意向intenttopurchase比较表tabulation评标evaluation价格分析valueanalysis订购单purchaseorder变更订购单changeorder支付方式methodofpayment现金cash支票check期货promissorynote催货expediting跟踪系统follow-upsystem4.6包装包装packing防锈包装rust-proofpacking防潮湿包装moisture-proofpacking防水包装water-proofpacking软包装shrinkpacking木箱woodenbox板条箱crate框架箱framedbox滑撬底座skidbase码垛盘pallet侧板sideplate吊具slingfitting花蓝螺丝turnbuckle钢带steelstrapping角保护带edgeprotecterclosureplate保护角cornerprotecter板board合板plywood缓冲材料cushioningmaterial通气孔盖ventilationcover超载superimposedload开包unpacking船上标志shppingmark注意标志caremark五项目执行及费用管理5.1项目执行总图会议kick-offmeeting项目研究会议projectstudymeeting开工会议launchingmeeting项目报告projectreporting审查会议screeningmeeting进展报告progressreport协调过程coordinationprocedure变更指示changeorder认可approval复阅review5.2工程项目完工报告jobclose-outreport项目执行报告jobperformancereport完工汇编close-outbook反馈系统feedbacksystem项目设计条件projectdesigninformation会签inter-departmentcheck工程设计engineeringdesign工艺条件确认engineeringreview工艺条件校核engineeringchecking项目完成指标审核表projectperformancechecksheet施工版approvedforconstruction(AFC)设计变更errorreport技术文件technicaldatabook管道材料工艺条件processdataforpipingmaterial荷载条件loadingdata关键路径法criticalpathmethod关键路径进度表criticalpathschedulingPERTprogramevaluationandreviewtechnique5.3费用及工时管理工程预算projectcontrolbudget工时man-hourM/H工日man-dayM/H人月man-monthM/H考勤表timesheet工作号worknumber项目号jobnumber前期项目号propesalnumber改进工作improvementwork闲滞idie工时报告man-hourreport项目工时汇总jobman-hoursperformancereport5.4费用分类费用分类codeofaccount主帐majoraccount分帐sub-account设备位号itemnumber5.5组织指定assign借调on-lcan项目成员projectmember项目经理projectmanager项目经理助理assistantprojectmanager施工经理constructionmanager开车经理operationmanager现场指挥fieldmanager项目前期经理proposalmanager估算员estimator原始购销员originator协调员coordinator项目设计协调员projectdesigncoordinator六标准化，资料管理，法规，规格6.1标准化标准化standardization标准、规格standard工程规定engineerspecification项目特殊要求specificjobrequirement工程手册engineeringmanual标准图standarddrawing工程用表格engineeringform法规lawandregulation法律law6.2资料管理情报管理informationanddocumentation信息中心informationcenter调研（追述）retrospectivesearching信息选择服务selectivedisseminationofinformation情报跟踪currentawareness检索效率retrievalefficieney资料documents原文献primarysources文献摘要secondaryscurces边载刊物seriais定期刊物periodieals（学会）纪要memoirs会报transactions会议论文conferencepaper会议纪录proceedings索引期刊indexjournal文献期刊abstractjournal情报摘要informativeabstracts提示文稿indicativeabstracts图书目录bookcataing标题目录titlecataing总目录unioncatalog标准目录standardcutalog关键词keyword省略词stopwordKWIC索引keyword-in-contersindexKWOC索引keyword-out-of-contextindex顺序索引penmutedindex相关索引coordinateindex主题分析subjecktanalysis统计分类statisticalclassification国际十进分类法universaldecimalclassification借阅卡片visiblecard书卡bookcard档案系统filingsystem微缩复制microcopy微缩系统micro-system微缩卡片fichefilm6.3法规高压气体取缔法highpressuregascontrollaw消防法fireservicelaw劳动安全卫生法industrialsafetyandhealthlaw建筑基本法buildingstandardlaw单位制systemofunits国际单位制internationalsystemofunits七工厂系统图.设备布置图.配管图及材料统计7.1图纸、条件图工艺流程图processflowdiagram管道仪表流程图processpiping&instrumentflowdiagram(PID)公用工程流程图utilityflowdiagram(UFD)框图blockflowdiagram公用工程介质平衡图utilitybalancediagram平面布置图plotplan立面布置图generalarrangement总图generalplotplan规划图planningdrawing管道研究图pipingstudydrawing管道布置图(配管图)pipingarrangementdrawing分区图keyplan管道走向研究图pipingroutingstutydrawing地下管道图undergroundpipingdrawing管道特殊管件图pipingspecialpartsdrawing管架详图pipinghangingdrawing预制图prefabricationdrawing参考图referencedrawing通用图typicaldrawing制造厂图vender,sdrawing管道轴测图isometricpipingdrawing竣工图as-builtdrawing模型model管线表lineschedule计算书calculationsheet图纸目录drawingschedule发图阶段issuestage版次revisionnumber编号体系numberingsystem比例scale工厂北向plantnorth海平面标高over-seameanlevel标高elevation已有钢结构existingstructure装货区loadingarea公用工程站utilitystation柱号columnnumber净空headroom通道accessway小通道catway钢结构顶部标高topofstructureelevation管底标高bottomofpipingelevation主管口径runsize顶平偏心异径管eccentricreducertopflat中心到面的距离centertoface工作点标高workingpointelevation管架标注nangingmarking冷拉coldspring管线记号linesymbol管线接口lineconnection物流号streamNO管线号lineNO.管道等级号(1)classdesignation(2)specdesignation阀门号valveNO等级分析specificationbreak重要管道criticalpiping总管headerpipe仪表管道instrumentpiping排放管道blowdownpiping火炬气管道flarepiping输送管线transferline入口管线suctionline排水管effluentline旁通管bypassline吹扫系统purgesystem放空接口ventconnection软管接口hoseconnection双切断阀及排放阀doubleblockandbleeder污水沟sewerditch冷凝液池condensatepit积水坑sumpbox漏斗dripfunnel管段spoolpiece垫环spacerring限流孔板restrictionorifice流量喷咀flownozzle液体混合用三通mixingtee喷头spraynozzle粗滤器strainer临时粗滤器temporarystrainer疏水阀steamtrap爆破膜rupturedisk蒸汽伴热管道steam-tracedpiping夹套管道jacketedpiping地下管道undergroundpiping7.2管道要素钢管steelpiping螺纹端管threadedpipe法兰端管flangedpipe锻制的swage光滑弯管smoothbendU型弯管u-bend弯管bendingpipe波纹管膨胀节expansinonbellows柔性管flexiblepipe管件接头pipefittingjoint机械连接mechanicaljoint活套连接lappedjoint环形垫连接ringtypejoint扩口接头flaretypejoint非扩口接头flarelesstypejoint承插连接bellandspigotvictaulic接头victaulicjoint弯头elbow异径管reducer管接头coupling活接头union短管nipple法兰flange配对法兰companionflange法兰盖blindflange异径法兰reducingflange八字盲板（1）spectactleblind（2）reversibleblind平板式法兰plateflange带颈法兰hubbedflange对焊法兰weldingneckflange松套法兰looseflange管端突缘stubend法兰面flangeface垫片沟槽gasketgroove满平面fullface突面raisedface大准槽面largetongueandgrooveface双凹凸面doublemale&femaleface大凹凸面largemale&femaleface金属垫片metallicgasket非金属垫片non-metallicgasketsemi-metallicgasketO型环O-ring透镜垫lensring对焊buttweld承插焊接socketweld滑套焊接slip-onweld焊接支管台weldolet插入环insertting管帽cap材料表billofmaterial材料统计take-off管段表linebillofmaterial估算汇总表estimationsummarysheet备品备件表sparepartslist报价表quotationsheet订货单purchaseorderschedule材料汇总表billofmaterialsummary状态报告statusreport分布报告distributionreport价格、重量一览表cost&weightsummary价格、重量汇总表cost&weighttotal定货管理表ordercontrol管道材料管理体表pipingmaterialcontrolsheet元件代号itemcode标记号tagnumber标准形态standardshape轴测图isometricdrawing管线号linereference批号batchreference管子下料表pipingcuttinglist制作件表fabricationpartslist组装件表erectionpartlist固定架anchor滑动架restingsupport导向架guide限位架directionalstop减振架dampener支架support管托shoe保冷管托cradle鞍座saddle耳轴trunnion吊架hanger刚性吊架rigidhanger弹簧吊架springhanger恒力吊架constanthanger阀门valve截止阀globevalve闸阀gatevalve针形阀needlevalve球阀ballvalve止回阀checkvalve隔膜阀diaphragmvalve三通阀three-wayvalve角阀anglevalve蝶阀butterflyvalve旋塞阀cock伸长杆操作extensionstem-operation链操作chain-operated齿轮操作gear-operated扳手操作wrench-operated电动操作motor-operated阀芯trim阀盖bonnet焊接支管weldbranch偏置offset焊接根部间隙weldrootgap现场调整后在下料和焊接cutandweldafteradjusting坡度slope工作点workingpoint管架说明notesforpipinghanging部门间校核版interdepartmentalcheckprint平端plainend坡口端beveledend管道连接图pipinghook-updrawing管道说明图notesforpipingdrawing标题栏titleblock寻价单pipingrequisitionsheet八配管及一般设备设计8.1保温，保冷绝热insulation设备绝热表equipmentinsulationschedule绝热符号insulationcode保温设计designofcoldinsulation正常操作所用的保温insulationforstableoperating人身防护personnelprotection防火层fire-proofing防结露anti-sweat防冻winterizing防音soundprotection保温材料hotinsulationmaterial保冷材料coldinsulationmaterial石棉asbestos硅藻土diatomaceousearth岩棉rockwool玻璃棉glasswool碳酸镁magnesiumcarbonate硅酸铝calciumsilicate珍珠岩perlite软木板corkboards毛毡hairfelt泡沫聚氨酯foampolystyrene硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯rigidfoamurethane硬泡沫橡胶rigidfoamrubber玛碲脂mastic耐磨损材料anti-abrasioncoatingmaterial管壳laggingcloth铁丝网hexagonalwirenetting填缝材料caulkingmaterial保护层jacketingsheetcoversheet波纹铝板corrugatedaluminumsheet有色镀锌钢板precoatedgalvanizedsheet搭板buttstrapZ型接头Z-joint8.2防腐涂漆色标colour-code孟塞尔色系munsellnotation管道识别色identificationofpipingsystem防腐层externalcoating油漆paint清漆varnish防腐漆anti-corrosivepaintrush-proofpaint含铝漆aluminumpaint底漆primer耐酸漆acid-proofpaint耐酸漆acid-proofpaint耐碱漆alkali-proofpaint耐热漆heat-resistingpaint测温漆thermo-paint绝缘漆insulationvarnish表面处理surfacepreparation涂漆painting阴级保护cathodicprotection8.3振动解析机械振动mechanicalvibration自由振动freevibration强制振动forcedvibration自励振动self-excitedvibration固有频率naturalfrequency固有周期naturalperiod波谷loop波峰node正弦振动sinusoidaloscillation非线性振动non-linearoscillation阻尼振动dampedvibration临界阻尼criticaldamping衰减系数（1）attenuationconstant（2）decaycoefficient（3）decayfactor共振resonance扭曲振动torsionalvibration挠性振动flexuralvibration极限速度criticalspeed固有值characteristicvalue临界条件boundarycondition弹性系数springconstant惯性矩momentofinertia回转半径radiusofgyration振动吸收装置dynamicvibrationabserber液压减振器hydraulicdamper弹簧减振器(1)springdampener(2)springdamper油压锁定oillock8.4耐振设计固有振动方式naturalfrequencymode卓越周期predominantperiod基本周期firstnaturalfrequency横波transversewave纵波longitudinalwave相对位移relativedisplacement质量比massratio静解析法staticmethod修正静解析法correctedstaticmethod动解析法modalanalysis时历响应解析法timehistoryresponseanalysis设计响应光谱designresponsespectrum加速响应光谱accelerationresponsespectrum地板响应光谱foorresponsespectrum标准响应光谱standardresponsespectrum加速响应增幅比accelerationresponseamplituderatio刚性结构rigidstructure柔性结构flexiblestructure长周期结构long-periodstructure刚性框架rahmenrigidframe地震波earthquakeaccelerogram位移量记录displacementrecord设计地震designearthquake设计震度designseismiccoefficient地震earthquake震源距离distancetocentrum震中距离distancetoepicenter震吸magnitude地震波显示仪seismoscope地震仪seismograph耐振等级seismicclass基岩baserock8.5应力分析外力externalforce内力internalforce反作用力reactionforce力偶coupleofforce弯矩bendingmoment扭矩twistingmoment应力stress弯曲应力bendingstress扭曲应力torsionalstress圆周应力hoopstress峰值应力peakstress一次应力primarystress二次应力secondarystress轴向应力axialstress重复应力repeatedstress脉动应力pulsatingstress交变应力alternatingstress应变strain应变能strainenergy主应力principalstress主应力理论principalstresstheory最大剪切应力理论maximumshearingstresstheory残余应力residualstress热应力thermalstress热破坏thermalshock疲劳fatigue疲劳曲线s-ndiagram疲劳极限(1)fatiguelimit(2)endurancelimit腐蚀corrosionfatigue蠕变creep蠕变疲劳creepfatigue尺寸效应sizeeffect应力集中系数coefficientofstressconcentration形状系数shapecoefficient缺口系数notchfactor应力强度系数stressintensityfactor几何惯性矩geometricalmomentofinertia断面系数modulusofsection断面极惯性矩polarmomentofinertiaofarea扬氏模量young,smodulus横向弹性系数modulusoftransverseelasticity体积弹性系数modulusofvolumetricelasticity泊松比poissor,sratio弹性极线elasticlimit屈服点yieldpoint拉伸强度tensilestrength伸长elongation永久变形permanentset弹性flexibility弹性分析elasticanalysis弹性屈服elasticbuckling塑性plasticity塑变滞后plasticityhysteresis极限分析limitanalysis弹塑性分析elastic-plasticanalysis疲劳分析fatigueanalysis有限元法finiteelementmethod静荷载deadload8.6流体流动水锤waterhammer急关rapidclosure缓关slowclosure冲击波shockwave液压振动acousticvibrationofliquidflow脉动pulsationflow两相流two-phaseflow气压振动acousticvibration卡门涡街karmaneddies颤动fluttering气蚀cavitation8.7噪音噪音(1)noise(2)undesiredsound听力范围auditorysensationarea掩蔽masking背景噪音backgroundnoise声强soundintensity声压soundpressure声压值soundpressurelevel噪声值(1)noiselevel(2)soundlevel噪声计soundlevelmeter听觉校正回路weightingnetwork音平loundnesslevel音能soundpower音能值soundpowerlevel总体值overalllevel90%范围90%range中间值medianNR数noiseratingnumber频率分析器frequencyanalyzer倍频带octaveband1/3的倍频带1/3octaveband波段值bandlevel音场soundfield方向性directivity方向系数directivityfactor衍射diffraction声源soundsource房间常数roomconstant吸音率soundabsorptioncoefficient穿透率transmissioncoefficient穿透损失transmissionloss质量原理masslaw8.8设计条件操作压力operatingpressure最高操作压力maximumoperatingpressure操作温度operatingtemperature最高操作温度maximumoperatingtemperature温度基准basetemperature腐蚀裕度corrosionallowance许容应力allowablestress安全系数safetyfactor地理条件geologicalconditions九塔.槽.换热器.加热炉9.1图面用语设备表vesselschedule工程图engineeringdrawing管口表（1）nozzlechart（2）nozzleschedule管口方位nozzleorientation于焊件图clipschedule切线tangentline(TL)焊缝线weldline(WL)参照线wrokingline(WL)基准线baseline(BL)9.2容器容器vessel塔tower自支承塔self-supportedtower板式塔traytower填料塔packedtower喷淋塔spraytower槽。罐drum储罐tank球罐sphericaltankballtank浮顶罐floatingrooftank锥顶罐conerooftank拱顶罐domerooftank双壁罐doublewalltank湿式气柜wetgasholder干式气柜drygasholder料仓（1）silo（2）bin料斗hopper9.3内件内件internals塔盘tray泡罩塔盘bubblecaptray筛板塔盘perforatedtray浮阀塔盘valvetray单流向式塔盘uni-fluxtray波纹塔盘rippletray塔盘板deck溢流堰weir降液管downcomer密封糟sealpot取液糟draw-offpot密封盘sealpan塔盘支承环traysupportring鲍尔环pallring泪孔weephole填料packing拉希环raschingring矩鞍形填料intaloxsaddle分布器distributor除沫器demister进料挡板feeddeflector防涡流挡板vortexbreaker内筒cartridge9.4主要附属品壳体shell变颈段reducingsection封头head椭圆形封头ellipsoidalhead蝶形封头（1）dishedhead（2）torisphericalhead半球形封头hemisphericalhead锥形封头conicalhead平封头flathead加强圈reinforcingring加套jecket人孔manhole手孔handhole检查孔inspectionhole接管nozzle凸缘padnozzle锻制接管forgednozzle补强板reinforcingpad信号孔tell-talehole容器支座vesselsupport裙座skirt支腿leg支耳supportlug底座baseblock基础环basering筋板gussetplate压环compressionring鞍座saddle模板template通道accessopening套管pipesleeve连接板lug予焊件clip接地板earthlug吊耳liftinglug平台platform梯子ladder保温支承insulationsupport吊柱davit人孔铰链manholehinge放空口ventnozzle呼吸阀breathervalve计量口guagehatch9.5换热器换热器heatexchange换热面积heattransferarea总传热系数overallheattransfercoefficient境膜传热系数filmcoefficient对数平均温差logarithmicmeantemperaturedifference(LMID)平均温差meantemperaturedifference(MID)污垢系数foulingfactor布管图tubearrangement三角形排列triangulararrangement转角三角形排列rotatedtriangulararrangement正方形排列squarearrangement转角正方形排列rotatedsquarearrangement最大布管图outsidetubelimit管壳式换热器sheetandtubeheatexchange固定管板换热器fixedtubesheetheatexchange浮头式换热器floatingheadtypeheatexchangeU形管换热器U-tubetypeheatexchange釜式换热器kettletypeheatexchange套管式换热器doubletubetypeheatexchange冲洗式冷却器irrigationcooler蛇管换热器coiltypeheatexchanger插管式换热器bayonettypeheatexchanger板式换热器platetypeheatexchanger螺旋板式换热器spiralheatexchanger夹套式换热器jackettypeheatexchanger石墨换热器graphiteheatexchanger空冷式换热器air-cooledheatexchanger换热管tube折流板baffleplate管箱channel分程隔板passpartitionplate浮头floatinghead防冲挡板impingementbaffle管束tubebundie管板tubesheet管子与管板的连接tube-to-tubesheetjoint管接头ferrule9.6加热炉加热炉direct-firedheater热负荷(1)heatduty(2)heatrelease热损失heatloss加热炉效率efficiencyofheater热流率heatflux管壁温度tubeskintemperature体积热负荷volumetricheatreleaseradiantsectionconvectionsectionshieldsectionbridgewallexposedwallshieldedwall管道支撑tubesupport燃烧管(1)heatertube(2)furnacetubeextendedsurfacetube(1)header(2)headerbox回弯头returnbend管道间接连管crossover通风draft烟道flue烟道挡板damper烟囱stack烧嘴burner过量空气excessair风箱windbox观察孔(1)observationdoor(2)peepdoor检修孔accessdoor防爆门explosiondoor吹灰器scotblower油漆清车导轨paintertrolley陶瓷纤维ceramicfiber耐火砖firebrick保温耐火砖insulationfirebrick保温板insulationboard可铸耐火材料castable衬里支撑lininganchor炉壁横梁lintel膨胀节expansionjoint十转动机械10.1轴shaft轴承bearing轴承箱bearinghousing联轴节shaftcoupling滑轮pulleyV形皮带（三角皮带）v-belt转动设备turningequipment润滑lubrication润滑油(1)lubricationoil(2)lubeoil密封seal轴封shaftseal填料packing填料箱stuffingbox油膜密封oilfilmseal油封sealoil机械密封mechanicalseal齿轮gear曲轴crankshaft连杆connectingrod十字头crosshead气缸cylinder缸套cylinderliner气缸阀cylindervalue活塞piston金属填料metallicpacking予埋板soleplate基座baseplate柱塞plunger箱体（壳体）casing转子roter平衡活塞balancepiston迷宫密封labyrinth叶轮impeller轴套sleeve耐磨环wearingring灯笼环(1)lanternring(2)sealcage10.2转动机械性能轴动力(1)shaftpower(2)brakehorsepower额定制动马力ratedbrakehorsepower齿轮传动损失gearloss机械效率mechanicalefficiency机械损失mechanicalloss额定转数ratedspeed最大连续转数maximumcontinuousspeed旋转油膜oilwhirl临界速度criticalspeed顺时针clockwise转矩torque起动转矩startingtorque性能performance特性characteristics压头head液压功率hydraulichorsepower活塞位移pistondisplacement体积效率volumetricefficiency显示图indicatordiagram压力脉冲率pressurepulsationratio10.3泵泵pump泵效率pumpefficiency气蚀cavitation气蚀系数cavitationcoefficient净正吸入压头netpositivesuctionhead离心泵centrifugalpump混流泵（斜流泵）mixed-flowpump轴流泵axialpump容量泵displacementtypepump往复泵（活塞泵）reciprocatingpump旋转泵rotarypump再生泵regenerativepump底阀footvalve10.4压缩机、风机等压缩机compressor压缩机效率compressorefficiency往复式压缩机reciprocatingcompressor间隙容积clearancevolume隙囊clearancepocket减压器unloader离心式压缩机centrifugalcompressor轴面压缩机axialcompressor涡轮压缩机turbocompressor鼓风机blower风机fan涡轮式鼓风机turboblower涡轮风机turbofan多叶片风机multi-bladefan旋浆式风机propellerfan罗茨鼓风机(1)rootsblower(2)two-lobeblower螺杆式压缩机screwcompressor湍振surging中间冷却器intercooler后冷却器（二次冷却器）aftercooler缓冲器snubber10.5透平透平turbine冲动式透平impulseturbine反作用式透平reactionturbine凝汽式透平condensingturbing抽气式透平extractionturbing背压式透平backpressureturbing透平效率turibingefficiency调速器governor速度范围speedrange速度调节阀speedgoverningvalve应急调速器emergencygovernor跳闸速度（应急速度限）tripspeed应急阀tripvalve操纵阀sentinelvalve10.6冷冻机冷冻机refrigerator制冷剂refrigrerant十一其他机械11.1搬运起重运输设备materialhandling输送机conveyor带式输送机beltconveyor链式输送机chainconveyor平盘输送机panconveyor粉体输送机continuousflowconveyor气力输送机pneumaticconveyor混合比weightratioofsolidtogas螺旋输送机screwconveyor振动输送机vibratingconveyor滚轴输送机rollerconveyor斗式提升机bucketelevator平台给料机tablefeeder定量给料机（1）constantfeeder（2）constantfeedweighter地平scale包装机packingmachine缝袋机sewingmachine热封口机heatsealer卷扬机hoist倒链、葫芦chainblock天车overheadcrane悬臂起重机jibcrane龙门起重机gantrycrane倾倒卸货机cardumper手推车handcart储存场装载输送机recluimer铲式装料机shovelloader起运载重机shiploader起运卸货机shipunloader堆积机stacker码垛机palletizer卸垛机depalletizer叉车forklifttruck鹤管loadingarm11.2粉碎粉碎crushing粉碎机crusher碾磨机mill破碎机disintegrator比粉碎能力specificcrushingcapacity粉碎比crushingratio粉碎性grindability筛网screen切裁尺寸cutsize丝网mesh集尘器dustcollector空气过滤器（1）aircleaner（2）airfilter旋风分离器cyclone多管式旋风分离器multiclone(MC)集尘效率dustcollectorefficiency再飞散re-entrainment11.3化学机械离心式分离机centrifuge澄清器decanter过滤器filter过滤介质filtermedium滤饼filtercake板框式压滤机filterpress叶滤机leaffilter转鼓过滤机drumfilter带式过滤机beltfilter盘式过滤机panfilter预涂助滤剂的过滤机precoatfilter干燥机dryer转盘式干燥器rotarydryer流化床干燥器fluidizedbeddryer气流干燥器pneumaticconveyingdryer带式干燥器banddryer喷雾干燥器spraydryer平衡含水率equilibriummoisturecontent临界含水率criticalmoisturecontent体积传热系数volumetricheattransfercoefficient热效率thermalefficiency回转炉rotarykiln刨片机flaker包裹筒coatingdrum混料机biender混合器mixer圆桶式混合器drummixer捏土混合器pugmixer捏合机kneader捏合搅拌机kneadermill搅拌机（1）agitator（2）stirrer造粒机pelletizer圆桶式造粒机drumgranul