专题四介词和介词短语

专题四介词和介词短语1.[2016·浙江卷]Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowup________influencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus.A.on B.in C.at D.about2.Apositiveatmospherecanmakeaclassroomamorepleasantplaceand________，amoreeffectivemotivatingplacetolearn.A.inreturn B.intheend C.inturn D.inaword3.[2018·江苏卷]China'ssoftpowergrows________theincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.A.inlinewith B.inreplyto C.inreturnfor D.inhonourof4.[2017·北京卷]Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving____fishingindustry.A.at B.in C.on D.by5.[2017·江苏卷]Determiningwhereweare________oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.A.incontrastto B.indefenseof C.infaceof D.inrelationto6.[2017·天津卷]WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe________treesthatareover1，000yearsold.A.among B.against C.behind D.below7.[2019·江苏卷]Favorablepoliciesare________toencourageemployees'professionaldevelopment.A.ineffect B.incommand C.inturn D.inshape介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其用法多而杂。要注意识别考纲中规定的介词及其相关搭配的基本意义和用法。介词是高考的必考点，命题形式除了单项选择外还涉及完形填空与书面表达。近年来，常考的一词多义的较难介词有：off,against,across,beyond,over,with,through,by等，同时介词短语也是考查热点。要点储备一1表示时间的in,on,atat表示时刻，可精确到分秒；in表示一段时间；on总是与日子有关，另外还指某一天的上、下午。如：atnoon/night/Christmas,attheend/beginningof,atthattimeinthemorning,inOctober/1988,inthepast,inthefutureonMonday,onChristmasEve,onawarmmorning2表示时间的since,fromsince指从过去到现在的一段时间，主句谓语动词用现在完成时，since从句用一般过去时；from指从时间的某一点开始，一般用现在时、过去时或将来时。如：Ihopetodomoreexercisefromtoday.3表示时间的in,afterin指在一段时间之后，与将来时连用；after表示在某一具体时间点之后，与将来时或过去时连用，或用在过去的一段时间后，与过去时连用。如：Aftertwodays,hereturned.Itwillbefinishedinthreedays.4表示地理位置的in,on,to,off,beneathin表示在某范围内；on指与某范围毗邻；to指在某环境范围之外。off表“离……很近；在……附近”；beneath“在正下方，在底下”。如：JiangsuliesonthenorthofZhejiang.JapanliestotheeastofChina.ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina.Therestaurantisjustoffthemainroad.Dropsofwaterformbeneaththeplasticsheet.5既表时间、地理又表抽象概念的withinwithin在(某时间、距离、范围)之内Youshallreceiveareplywithinthreedays.Myschooliswithinwalkingdistance.Manyelectronicdevicesarenowwithinthereachofaveragefamilies.6表“穿过”的through,acrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in有关；across表示在表面上通过，与on有关。如：throughthetunnel/pipe/forest/jungleacrossthestreet/square/road7表“关于”的about,onabout指涉及；on指专门论述。如：tellsb.aboutsth.writeanessayonsth.8between与amongbetween表示在两者之间或两两之间；among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.Theydividedthemoneyupamongthechildren.9besides,but，exceptfor与exceptbesides指“除了……还有，再加上”，相当于inaddition(to),what'smore,apartfrom,asidefrom,aswellas，句子中往往含有else,more,other,too,another等词。如：Allwenttothecinemabesidesme.except指“除了……之外”，不放在句首。如：WeallpassedtheexamexceptTom.but与except意思相近，表“除了……之外”，用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything和其他疑问词之后。如：Everyonewasherebuthim.exceptfor表“除……之外”“要不是”，只表明理由细节，它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思。如：Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.10表示“用”的in,with,by,over,on,throughwith表示具体的工具，in表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音。如：Heiswritinginink/withapen.TheEnglishmeasurethingsinpounds.Readthetextinaloudvoice.by,over,on,through多用于无形的工具或方式、手段。如：byhand/machine,onthetelephone,over/on/throughtheradio,throughthetelescope,throughhardwork＝byworkinghard11as与likeas意为“作为，以……的地位或身份”；like意为“像……一样”，指情形相似。如：Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.Letmespeaktoyouasafather.12in与intoin通常表示位置(静态)，但与drop,fall,put,throw,break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向；into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置13表出行方式的by,in,onbysea/water/plane/air/land/bus/taxi/ship/spaceshiponaplane,onanearlytrain,onone'sbike,inanewcar,onfoot,onhorseback,onahorse,onthecamel14表原因的becauseof,dueto,thanksto,onaccountofbecauseof与onaccountof通常作状语，位于句首或句中。如：ThesportsmeetingwillbeputofftillnextMondaybecauseof/onaccountoftheheavyrain.dueto通常可作表语或状语。如：Hisillnesswasduetosmokinganddrinking.thanksto意为“幸亏，多亏”，褒贬均可。如：Sofar,Chinahasavoidedlarge­scaledamage,thankstoitsgenerallyeffectiveresponse.15表示处于某种状态的on,in,underon用于表示动态，如正在从事某种活动或处于某种运动状态之中。如：onbusiness,onavisit,onstrike,onsale,onshow/exhibition/display,onwatch,onfire,onvacation/holiday,onduty,onthedecrease/rise/increase,onleave,onthewayin多用于表示静态状况，如安全、危险、健康，涉及人的情绪等。如：introuble,indanger,inorder,insurprise,insilence,inhigh/lowspirits,indebt,inpowerunder多表示动态，后加抽象名词，表示“在……的过程中”，有被动含义。如：underrepair,underdiscussion,underdebate,underattack,underconsideration,underway,underreview16of＋great/much＋抽象名词＝very＋adj.It'sofgreat/muchvalue.＝Itisveryvaluable.It'sofnouse.＝Itisnotuseful.＝Itisuseless.Tomandheareofanage/thesameage.＝Tomisasoldashe.注意：of＋no/little＋抽象名词＝not＋adj；beof＋a/an＋n.＝beofthesame＋n.表示“同一的”。该结构常在句中作表语与定语17with1)和……在一起；由……陪同；有……在场。如：Youcan'tseeJohnatthemoment,asheiswiththemanager.2)表两事物之间相应关系或齐头并进的意思。如：Withtimepassingby,theyhavegrownup.3)带有，带走，携带。如：Thewaiterarrivedwithacupofcoffee.4)表方式。如：Thestrangerspokewithaforeignaccent.5)表原因或理由。如：Thelittlechildtrembledwithfear.Mywifeisinbedwithinfluenza.6)with结构在句中可作状语或定语。如：Theboywithhisfrontteethmissinglikessinging.18by意为“不迟于(某时间)，到……为止”。如：Iwillhavegottheworkfinishedbytheendofthisweek.2)意为“在……期间”。如：Theydecidedtotravelbynight/byday.3)指身体的某部位。如：Heseizedmebythearm/hand/hair/collar.4)意为“由于……的结果，凭借”。如：Hesucceededbyworkinghard.5)意为“以……的幅度”。如：Thisoneisshorterthantheotherbythreeinches.Welostthematchbyonegoal.6)表买卖东西所按以计算的数或量，或付酬所按以计算的时间。如：Milkissoldbythepint,butterbythepoundandeggsbythedozen.注意区别：byweight/time/distance7)意为“按照……，根据……”。如：Bytheexpressiononhisface,heseemedtobedispleased.8)意为“经，由”。如：Thestrangerenteredtheroombythebackdoorwithoutbeingnoticed.9)意为“在……旁边；紧靠”。如：Thelittleboystoodcloselybyhismother.19易用错介词inthedirectionof(朝……方向),takeaphotoofsb./sp.为……拍照；withthehelp/aid/assistanceof(在……的帮助下),thenewsinthenewspaper(报纸上的消息),bewoundedintheleg(腿上受伤),ticketsforthefilm(电影票),thekeytothedoor(门的钥匙)20常用介词短语accordingto;attheageof;atthebackof;atthebottomof;attheendof;attheedgeof;atthemercyof;attheidea/thoughtof;atthesoundof;atthesightof;becauseof;byaccident/chance/coincidence;byhand;bymouth;bynomeans;bythedozen;insteadof;upto;dueto;owingto;thanksto;onaccountof;intermsof;inviewof;indefenseof;inresponse/answer/reactionto;inturn;inreturn;incase(of);inthecaseof;intheeventof;invain;inneed;inthe/one'sway/path；regardlessof/inspiteof;inhonorof;inpraiseof;inplaceof;incelebrationof;inchargeof;inmemoryof;inneedof;insearchof;intheformof;contraryto;inharmonywith;inplace/outofplace;insympathywith;atrandom;onaverage;onbehalfof;atlength;onpurpose;withthepurpose/intention/aimof;withthehelp/assistance/aidof;withthedevelopment/advanceof;withtheviewof;withnorelationto;with/inregardto;with/inreferenceto；within/beyondthereachof;underthenameof;inthenameof;underthecontrolof,underthechargeof,undertheconditionof要点储备二：常见介词搭配atattheageof...;atthebackof...;atthebottomof...;attheendof...;attheedgeof...;atthemercyof...;attheidea/thoughtof...;atthesoundof...;atthesightof...；atrandom;atlength;atwar;athand;atyourpleasure;athighpressure;atdisadvantage;atdinner/attable;atyourconveniencebeyondbeyondsb.;beyondexpression;beyondcomparison;beyondwords;beyondimagination;beyondpraise;beyondcontrol;beyondquestion;beyondreach;beyonddoubt;beyondbelief/understandinginintermsof...;inviewof...;indefenseof...;inresponse/answer/reactionto...;inturn;inreturn;incase(of...);inthecaseof...;intheeventof...;invain;inneed;inthe/one'sway/path;inspiteof...;inhonorof...;inpraiseof...;inplaceof...;incelebrationof...;inchargeof...;inmemoryof...;inneedof...;insearchof...;intheformof...;insympathywith...;inthenameof...;infearof...;infaceof...;inharmonywith...;inorder;inprogress;inadilemma;inconfusion;indanger;inpractice;inplaceofdeprivesb.ofsth.;ridsb.ofsth.;robsb.ofsth.;curesb.ofsth.;informsb.ofsth.;warnsb.ofsth.;remindsb.ofsth.;convincesb.ofsth.;accusesb.ofsth.;suspectsb.ofsth.withwiththepurpose/intention/aimof...;withthehelp/assistance/aidof...;withthedevelopment/advanceof...;withtheviewof...;withnorelationto...;with/inregardto...;with/inreferenceto...underunderthenameof...；undertheconditionof...;underthecontrolof..;underthechargeof...重点突破考生在日常学习中要注意介词与动词、名词及形容词等的常见搭配，同时结合特定语境，准确解答。备考时还应注意常用介词在不同情景、不同场合中的使用，牢记与该介词相关的搭配和介词短语的意思。1.Hopefully,thenewmethodwillbeeffective,helpingstudentstogettheircareerplans________．A.athand B.atwill C.ontrial D.ontrack2.Ihopethatwewillbeabletomakeitthroughthetoughtimesandbacktothebusinessofworkingtogether________ourcommongoals.A.onbehalfof B.inhonorof C.ontopof D.insearchof3.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents._______，weexpectstudentstoworkhard.A.Onaverage B.Atbest C.Inreturn D.Afterall4.Allofusarepuzzledaboutthesuddenchangesandobviously,wehavetoreconsiderourschedule________allofthem.A.inpreferenceto B.inconsequenceofC.inlightof D.inadvanceof5.Moststudentsthinkphysicssortofchallengingforthem;________，theytendtooptoutandturntoothersubjects.A.inparticular B.assuch C.forinstance D.inaddition6.Whetherthepolicymatcheswithtechnicalprogressdeterminestheinnovationspeedandcompetitivenessoftheindustry________．A.toacertainextent B.inturn C.asawhole D.atlength7.Havingbeentreatedinthehospitalforaslongassixmonths,themaninjuredinthecarcrashisnoweventuallyback________hisfeet.A.at B.in C.on D.to8.Therelevantdetailsaretobeleftforyoutodecide,butwewishtoinsurethegoods________allrisksasthey'reveryrareandexpensive.A.within B.except C.beneath D.against9.It'scertainthatweare________tohavingacleanandbeautifulhomeinthefuturebecausesomespecialprojectsare________toprotecttheenvironment.A.underway;ontheway B.intheway;onthewayC.ontheway;bytheway D.ontheway;underway10.Theflatisgoodvalueformoneybecausenotonlydidtheysellittomeatacheapprice,buttheythrewinsomeoldfurniture________．A.attheircommand B.forgoodmeasureC.beyondmyreach D.beneaththeirdignity11.WhenshefirstarrivedinChina,shewonderedwhatthefuturemighthave________forher,butnowallworriesaregone.A.instore B.intime C.inneed D.inpreparation12.Whenoneisangry,heseldomseesthings________；thewrongsdonetohimseemmuchworsethantheyare.A.inoperation B.inproportion C.indetail D.insight13.Cindyrevealednothingtoherfather,becausesheknewhewasnotnecessarily________whatshewasdoing.A.insympathywith B.intouchwith C.inparallelwith D.inlinewith14.Thegovernmentmustbalanceourliberty________thesecurityofthenation.A.for B.to C.against D.in15.Wehavealreadydiscussedthisplan________，sonextweshouldsparenoefforttocarryitout.A.atlength B.atrandom C.atease D.atbest课后训练语法专项突破四介词和介词短语1.Iamalwaysdelightedtoreceiveyourletters.________beingshort,theybringmuchreliefwhenIknowthatyouaresafe.A.Intermsof B.Withregardto C.Onaccountof D.Inspiteof2.Thesteamboatwasfullyfurnishedwithlifepreservers.Thepassengersmightbesaved________accidents.A.inspiteof B.insteadof C.incaseof D.inplaceof3.Duringthenegotiationtofollow,itcanbearguedthatsharesofforeigncompaniesareovervalued________thereturntheyoffer.A.intermsof B.inmemoryof C.infavorof D.inchargeof4.Womenaremorelikelytosufferfromdepressionandanxietydisorders________stresscomparedtomen.A.inrespectto B.inresponseto C.inpreferenceto D.inproportionto5.Repairsofhistoricbuildingshavetobe________theoriginalstructure.A.insympathywithB.insearchof C.inresponseto D.incontrastto6.Menwhostayfitcanlowertheirriskofdyingfromaheartconditionby30%ascomparedwiththosewhoare________．A.outoforder B.outofplace C.outofshape D.outofcontrol7.Accordingtothespecification,________acrash,theseaddedsafetyfeaturesmaybelifesavers.A.intheeventof B.inviewof C.onaccountof D.ontheedgeof8.Thecorporationurgentlyrecalledtheirproductsfromthemarket________growingcomplaintsabouttheengines.A.inthelightof B.atthemercyof C.intheeventof D.inadvanceof9.MaybesomeofyouarecuriousaboutwhatmylifewaslikeonthestreetsbecauseI'veneverreallytalkedaboutit________．A.inplace B.inturn C.inforce D.indepth10.Thestudyofnaturalhistoryisnotsomethingtobelefttobiologists.Infact,theircapacity________thetimetheycanspendawayfromtheirofficesisverylimited.A.intermsof B.insearchof C.inviewof D.inspiteof11.Transportwasconsideredtohavecontributedtoenvironmentalproblems,particularly________airqualityandnoiseimpacts.A.withregardto B.incontrastto C.bymeansof D.onaccountof12.—What'sthemainreasonforchoosingonerestaurant________another?—Justtheservice.A.against B.beyond C.over D.after13.________thefactthatyourpaymentmissesthedeadline,you'llhavetopayafineaccordingtothecontract.A.Inpossessionof B.Inspiteof C.Incaseof D.Inviewof14.—Whynottalkwithyourparentsaboutyourwillingnesstoattend2020PekingUniversitySummerCamp?—Itried________togetthemtolistentome.A.intime B.invain C.inneed D.incase15.________makingdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththecomputerbecauseinthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn'trequiresuchanabilityofthehumanbrain.A.Onbehalfof B.Incontrastto C.Insaluteto D.Intermsof16.Aftershebecameill,Ifelt________withher—shewascheerywhileIfeltgloomy.A.outoftune B.outofbreath C.outofcuriosity D.outofmind17.Infightingwithenemies,theeconomydroppedgreatly,_____，manyliveswereclaimed.A.ontopofthat B.incontrast C.foranotherthing D.aboveall18.—Whydoeshealwayslookunhappy?He'sverysuccessfulineveryaspect.—Itiswrongtotrytojudgehappiness________worldlysuccess.A.intermsof B.inhonorof C.incaseof D.inspiteof19.Scienceinvolvesimaginationandcreativethinkingsoastoestablishscientifictheories.________，Einsteinisoneofthemostoutstandingscientists.A.Inthiscase B.Bythismeans C.WiththismethodD.Inthisregard20.Withoutwarningafewmonthsago,mygrandfatherendedupinhospital________bloodpressureissues.A.by B.with C.in D.at21.________theheavyrain,thousandsoffirefightersfromacrossthecountry,alongwithwaterpumps,havebeenarrivingtorescuepeopletrappedintheflood.A.InresponsetoB.Inreplyto C.Inconflictwith D.Inparallelwith22.Itwaswarmandnicethatevening.Istayedawake________untileleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.A.onaverage B.onpurpose C.onbusiness D.ontime23.Manygraduatesaren'tpreparedforwhatthefuturehas__whentheycomeoutofschool.A.indemand B.atease C.atlength D.instore24.—Canyouputme________abouttheWorldCupFootballMatch?—Sorry.Imyselfknownothingaboutit.A.intheair B.onthemove C.inthepicture D.onthespot25.ThisisallIknowaboutit;____theresultsofthecompetition,takealookatourwebsite.A.asfor B.butfor C.exceptfor D.notfor26.Theproposalheputforwardatthemeetingwasrejected________amorecautiousone.A.incaseof B.inviewof C.infavorof D.inplaceof27.Bodymassindex(BMI)isameasureofbodyfatbasedonyourweight_____yourheight.A.inrelationto B.inresponseto C.inreferenceto D.incontrastto28.Modernzoosshouldshouldermoresocialresponsibility________socialprogressandawarenessofthepublic.A.inlightof B.infavorof C.inhonorof D.inpraiseof29.Tom'smo