中西翻译理论Lec.6-EquivalentTranslation(Contd.)幻灯片

EquivalentTranslation:ApplicationsOctober14,2010RomanJakobson:Natureoflinguisticmeaningandequivalence“Thereisordinarilynofullequivalencebetweencode-units.”Translationinvolves“substitutingmessagesinonelanguagenotforseparatecode-unitsbutforentiremessagesinsomeotherlanguages”.verydelicious?warmlywelcome?“非常恭喜/祝贺”？“Equivalenceindifferenceisthecardinalproblemoflanguageandthepivotalconcernoflinguistics.”“Languagesdifferessentiallyinwhattheymustconveyandnotinwhattheymayconvey.”e.g.:…becauseAntoniousedtolendmoneytopeopleindistress,andwouldnevertakeanyinterestforthemoneyhelent.……因为安东尼奥经常借钱给那些有急难的人，从来不要利钱。Therewasnosnow,theleavesweregonefromthetrees,thegrasswasdead.天未下雪，但叶已落，草已枯。Thedifferencesoccurat:thelevelofgenderthelevelofaspectthelevelofsemanticOtherscholarsonequivalencesince1970sChesterman:“equivalenceisobviouslyacentralconceptintranslationtheory”(1989:99).Baker:equivalence“isinfluencedbyavarietyoflinguisticandculturalfactorsandisthereforealwaysrelative”(1992:6).Kenny:“equivalenceissupposedtodefinetranslation,andtranslation,inturn,definesequivalence”(Baker,1997:77).Bassnett:“Translationinvolvesfarmorethanreplacementoflexicalandgrammaticalitemsbetweenlanguage…Oncethetranslatormovesawayfromcloselinguisticequivalence,theproblemsofdeterminingtheexactnatureofthelevelofequivalenceaimedforbegintoemerge”(1980/1991:25).Wag:Sirrah,hastthounocomingsin?Robin:Yes,andgoingsouttoo,youmaysee,sir.(Marlowe,DoctorFaustus)瓦格：小子，你就没什么进账吗？罗宾：有啊！我不但有“进站”，还有“出走”呢！你知道的，先生。（唐艳芳）TheCongressman’swifeshookhimvigorouslyinthemiddleofthenight.“Wakeup,Adam!”shewhisperedfrantically.“Thereisathiefinthehouse!”“Noway,”camethesleepyreply.“IntheSenate,maybe.IntheHouse–never.”午夜时分，众议员的妻子拼命摇晃着丈夫，慌乱地小声叫唤：“亚当，快醒醒！我们院里有贼！”众议员迷迷糊糊地答道：“不会的，参议院里可能有，我们院里——不可能。”（唐艳芳）Ifinallyfiguredouthowgovernmentworks.TheSenategetsthebillfromtheHouse.ThePresidentgetsthebillfromtheSenate.Andwegetthebillforeverything.(Reader’sDigest)我总算明白政府是怎么回事了。参议院问众议院要提案，总统问参议院要提案，要来要去，原来都是要我们提款啊！Aprizefighter,havingaroughtimeinhisfirstimportantfight,wasflooredinthesecondroundbyapowerfulpunch.Withglazedeyes,hetriedtolookupfromthemat.“Lettherefereecount,”yelledhistrainer.“Don’tgetupuntileight.”Thefighternoddedweakly,“Whattimeisitnow?”一位职业拳击手首次参加重要比赛就吃了苦头，第二回合时被一记重拳击倒在地。他躺在垫子上，二目无神地朝上看。教练冲他大喊：“让裁判数点，不到八点别起来。”拳击手有气无力地点点头，问道：“现在几点钟了？”“Where’sWashington?”“He’sdead.”“Imean,thecapitaloftheUnitedStates.”“TheyloaneditalltoEurope.”“华盛顿在哪儿？”“他死了。”“我是说美国首府。”“什么‘首富’呀，钱都借给欧洲啦。”（唐艳芳）茶花为媒广交世界朋友，金华作东喜迎天下宾客。原译文：ThehostofJinhuajoyouslyreceivesvisitorsallovertheworld,themediumofCamelliawidelyconnectsfriendsontheEarth.改译：ViaCamelliasShallWeCommunicatewiththeWorld;GreatHospitalityShallWeShowtoFriendsfromaround!再改：WelcometoJinhuaforcamelliasandforfriendship!世界的茶花，精彩的金华。原译文：A.CamelliaoftheWorld,Jinhuawithsplendour;B.TheuniversalCamellia,thesplendidJinhua.改译：Theworldincamellias,asthecityinsplendor.再改：Enjoycamelliasoftheworldintheworldofcamellias!金华是我家，美化靠大家。Everythingwedo,wedoitforabeautifulJinhua!参