语言学试卷汇总考试

语言学试卷汇总考试集团文件发布号：(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-TranslatethefollowingtermsfromEnglishintoChinese.把下列术语翻译成中文1.dualityofstructure_________结构的二元性_______________2.GeneralLinguistics________普通语言学________________3.voicelessconsonant_________清辅音_______________4.complementarydistribution________互补分布________________5.freemorpheme________自由词素________________6.immediateconstituent________直接成份________________7.ComponentialAnalysis________成份分析________________8.AmericanStructuralism________美国结构主义________________9.zeromorph_________零语子_______________10.structuralambiguity_________结构歧义_______________11.productivity_________多产性______________12.linguisticcompetence__________语言能力______________13.mannerofarticulation_________发音方法_______________14.intonationlanguage_________语调语言_______________15.allophone__________音位变体______________16.inflectionalmorpheme_________曲折语素_______________17.phrasemarker__________短语标记______________18.denotation__________指示______________19.Systemic-FunctionalGrammar__________系统功能语法______________20.boundmorpheme__________粘着语素______________21.culturaltransmission__________文化传播______________22.DescriptiveLinguistics__________描写语言学______________23.derivationalmorpheme___________派生词素_____________24.consonant___________辅音_____________25.tonelanguage___________声调语言_____________26.emptymorph___________虚语子_____________27.syntax___________语法_____________28.complementaryantonym___________互补反义词_____________29.modeofdiscourse____________话语方式____________30.freevariation_______自有变异_________________31.displacement__________取代______________32.paradigmaticrelation__________集合体关系______________33.voicedconsonant__________浊辅音______________34.minimalpair__________极小对______________35.phoneme__________音位______________36.lexicalambiguity__________词法的歧义性______________37.connotation__________内涵______________38.languageacquisitiondevice__________语言习得机制______________39.constituency__________选区______________40.alien__________相异______________41.designfeature__________设计特点______________42.TheoreticalLinguistics__________理论语言学______________43.diphthong__________双元音______________44.contrastivedistribution__________对立分布______________45.translation-loan__________借译词______________46.ultimateconstituent__________主要成分______________47.relationalopposite__________关系对立词______________48.genre__________类型______________49.dependency__________从属______________50.denizen__________居民______________51.arbitrariness__________任意______________52.linguisticperformance___________语言行为_____________53.vowel___________元音_____________freevariation____55.derivationalmorpheme_________派生词素_______________56.surfacestructure__________表层结构______________57.modeofdiscourse___________话语方式_____________58.gradableantonym__________分级反义词______________59.InnatenessHypothesis__________天赋假说______________60.complementaryantonym__________互补反义词______________61.interchangeability_______可交换性_________________62.syntagmaticrelation________结构关系________________63.purevowel_________纯元音_______________64.intonationlanguage_________语调语言_______________65.boundmorpheme__________粘着语素______________66.linguisticcompetence__________语言能力______________67.deepstructure__________深层结构______________68.semanticfield__________语义场_____________69.contextofsituation___________情境语境_____________70.mannerofarticulation___________发音方法_____________71.discreteness___________组件_____________72.AppliedLinguistics_________应用语言学_______________73.immediateconstituent__________直接成分______________74.placeofarticulation__________发音部位______________75.phoneme___________音位；音素_____________76.zeromorph_________零语子_______________77.structuralambiguity__________结构歧义______________78.hyponymy__________上下位关系______________79.tenorofdiscourse___________语旨_____________80.ComponentialAnalysis__________成分分析______________Answerthefollowingquestions.回答一下问题1.Whatarethedifferencesbetweengrammaticalcompetenceandpragmaticcompetence2.WhatisthedifferencebetweenfreemorphemesandboundmorphemesIllustrateitwithexamples.3.WhatarethethreesyntacticrelationsIllustratethemwithexamples.4.WhatdoesitmeantosaythatlanguageisarbitraryIllustrateitwithexamples.5.WhatisthedifferencebetweentonelanguagesandintonationlanguagesIllustrateitwithexamples.6.Explainthedifferencesbetweeninflectionalaffixesandderivationalaffixesintermsofbothfunctionandposition.7.WhatdoesitmeantosaythatlanguageisasystemIllustrateitwithexamples.8.WhatisthedifferencebetweenanemptymorphandazeromorphIllustrateitwithexamples.9.WhatarethedifferencesbetweensurfacestructureanddeepstructureIllustratethemwithexamples.10.WhatdoesitmeantosaythatlanguageissymbolicIllustrateitwithexamples.11.WhatisamorphemeIllustratetherelationshipbetweenmorphemes,morphs,andallomorphswithexamples.12.WhatarethethreegeneraltypesofantonymsAndhowdotheydifferfromeachother13.Whatarethethreesub-branchesofphoneticsHowdotheydifferfromeachother14.WhatdoesSemanticFiledTheorymainlyproposeIllustrateitwithexamples.15.Whatisthedifferencebetweensegmentalfeaturesandsupra-segmentalfeaturesWhatarethesupra-segmentalfeaturesinEnglish16.Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguages17.HowdoesdenotationdifferfromconnotationIllustratetheirdifferencewithexamples.18.Whydowesay“absolutesynonymsarerareorevennon-existent”Illustrateitwithexamples.19.Whatdoesitmeantosaythatlanguageisdual-structured20.WhatdoescompoundingmeanIllustratewithexamplesthedifferencesbetweenhyphenatedcompounds,solidcompoundsandopencompounds21.WhataretheessentialfactorsfordeterminingsentencemeaningIllustratethemwithexamples.22.HowdoesadiachronicdescriptionofalanguagedifferfromasynchronicdescriptionofalanguageIllustratetheirdifferencewithexamples.23.WhatarethethreeconditionsforformingaminimalpairIllustrateitwithexamples.24.WhatdoesclippingmeaninmorphologyIllustratewithexamplesthedifferencebetweenbackclipping,frontclipping,frontandbackclipping,andphraseclipping.Practicalwork.Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions：写对应于每一个下面语音描述的符号Example:avoicelessvelarplosive1)avoicedbilabialplosive2)avoicelesslabiodentalfricative3)avoicedbilabialnasal4)ahighfrontunroundedvowel5)avoicedbilabialglide__[b]______[f]______[m]____avoicelessdentalfricativeavoicedlabiodentalnasalamidcentralunroudnedvowel___[avoicedvelarplosiveavoicelessalveolarfricativeavoicedalveolarliquidamidbackroundedvowelavoiceddentalfricativeavoicelessalveo-palatalaffricativeavoicedpost-alveolarliquidahighbackroundedvowelavoicelessbilabialplosiveavoicedalveolarfricativeavoicelesspost-alveolaraffricatealowfrontunroundedvowelavoicelessalveo-palatalfricativeavoicedpost-alveolaraffricateavoicelesspalatalplosiveamidfrontunroundedvowelavoicelessalveolarplosiveavoicedalveolarnasalavoicedpalatalglide__[?]____?:]_____/g/_____[θ:]_____________/?/______/?/______[u]______[t??]______t______[t]________________28)alowcentralunroundedvowel__Λ____29)avoicedalveo-palatalfricative30)avoicelessdentalfricative31)avoicedalveo-palatalaffricate32)alowbackroundedvowel__x__________Dividethefollowingwordsintoseparatemorphemesbyplacinga“+”betweeneachmorphemeandthenext:Example:bookshelf=book+shelf1)manly=man+ly2)encourage=en+cour+age3)placement=place+ment4)agreement=agree+ment5)affixes=6)footprint=foot+print7)underestimation=under+estimation8)disapproval=dis+approval9)gentleman=gentle+man10)entertainment=enter+tain+ment11)entitle=en+title12)reread=re+read13)unfit=un+fit14)waterbed=water+bed15)disorderly=dis+order+ly16)unsuccessful=un+success+ful17)structural=structural18)sweeten=sweet+en19)marker=mark+er20)decided=decid+ed21)exciting=excit+ing22)greenhouse=green+house23)disgraceful=dis+grace+ful24)enlargement=en+large+ment25)informed=inform+ed26)amazing=amaz+ing27)advanced=advance+ed28)enrich=en+rich29)deafen=deaf+en30)undergo=un+dergo31)irregularly=ir+regular+ly32)decoded=decod+ed33)incorrect=in+correct34)undo=un+do35)weekly=week+ly36)functional=func+tion+al37)illiterate=ill+iterate38)sleepwalk=sleep+walk39)unmanly=un+man+ly40)befriended=be+friend+ed41)disobey=dis+oney42)rewrite=re+write43)yearly=year+ly44)troublesome=trouble+some45)talented=talent+ed46)lookout=look+out47)boyishness=boy+ish+ness48)disappearance=dis+appear+ance49)supervise=super+vise50)costly=cost+ly51)inspiring=inspire+ing52)prescription=pre+scrip+tion53)threaten=threat+en54)overlook=over+look55)undesirable=un+desir+able56)irreplaceable=ir+re+place+able57)eatable=eat+able58)amusement=amuse+ment59)monthly=month+ly60)generalize=generalize61)logical=logic+al62)grandfather=grand+father63)incorruptible=in+corrupt+ible64)reenactment=re+enact+mentMatchthenamesoflinguisticfiguresincolumnAwiththeschoolsortheoriesorworksoflinguisticsincolumnB:ColumnA1)Saussure(d)2)Halliday(a)3)Firth(b)4)Chomsky(c)ColumnBa.Systemic-FunctionalGrammarb.TheLondonSchoolc.Transformational-GenerativeGrammard.TheFounderofStructuralism系统功能语法(Systemic-functionalGrammar)由英国语言学家韩礼德(Halliday)伦敦学派是以长期在伦敦大学的东方与非洲研究学院教授语音学与语言学并于1944年成为英国第一任语言学教授弗斯(Firth)为首的语言学派换-生成语法(Transformational-generativegrammar，简称TG)是美国语言学家ColumnA5)Chomsky6)Bloomfield7)Lamb8)PerlmutterandPostalColumnA9)Chomsky(b)hesiusa12)Fillmore(c)ColumnA13)Chomsky(b)Firthd)loomfieldaColumnBa.AmericanStructuralismb.RelationalGrammarc.SyntacticStructuresd.StratificationalGrammarColumnBa.ThePragueSchoolb.AspectsofTheTheoryofSyntaxc.CaseGrammard.CoralGardensandTheirMagicColumnBa.AmericanStructuralismb.TheMinimalistProgramc.TheDistinctive16)Jakobson(c)ColumnA17)Chomsky(c)lmslevdMontaguea)ColumnA21)Chomsky(b)22)Jakobson(d)23)Mathesius(c)24)Hjelmslev(a)ColumnA25)Chomsky(d)26)Halliday(c)27)