新教材2021-2022学年译林版英语必修第三册课时作业uNIT4Scientistswhochangedtheworld10Word版含解析

课时分层作业(十)Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Somemushroomscontainadeadly(致命的)poison.2．IknowIshouldstopsmoking—don'tgivemealecture(教训)aboutit.3．Foodwilllastlongerifkeptinanairtightcontainer(容器)．4．Accordingtothetheory(理论)ofrelativity，nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.5．Thereisbroad(广泛的)supportforthegovernment'spolicies.6．Youmayrefer(参考)toyournotesifyouwant.7．Youmustfinishtheworkwithinthelimited(有限的)time.8．Cyclingishighlybeneficial(有益的)tohealthandtheenvironment.9．Heowedhissurvival(存活)tohisstrengthasaswimmer.10．Wedidalltheworkandshegetsallthecredit(赞扬)!Ⅱ.阅读理解AMostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize，especiallytheNobelPeacePrize，butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel.Hewasagreatscientistandinventorhimself.Besides，hehadabigbusiness.Hisbusinessmaysurpriseyou.Hemadeandsoldexplosives.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn'tthissomethingthatsurprisesyou？ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?ThoughAlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons，hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.HewasoneoftherichestinEurope.Whenhediedin1896，heletbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill，mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.WeknowthemastheNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthewinnerstobechosenfortheirwork，notthecountrytheycamefrom.AlfredNobelhadgivenhiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts，buthelettheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物传记。艾尔弗雷德·诺贝尔把他的一生献给了他的学习和工作，以及人类的利益。他靠自己的努力挣钱，但他分享了他的财富给这个世界。他的发明和财富永远留给世人。1．Alfred'sbusinesswas________．A．makingandsellingexplosivesB．notmakingandsellingweaponsC．makingexplosivesandsellingweaponsD．makingweaponsandsellingexplosivesA[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Hisbusinessmaysurpriseyou.Hemadeandsoldexplosives.”可知他的企业是制造并贩卖炸药的。]2．NobelwantedtosetuptheNobelPeacePrizebecause________．A．hemadeenoughmoneyB．hehatedwarC．hewantedtogetmoreinterestfromthefundD．helikedtoliveinapeacefulworldB[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.”可知Nobel讨厌战争，因此他希望以后不再有战争。]3．NobelPrizescomefrom________．A．allNobel'smoneyinthefundB．allNobel'smoneyinhiscompanyC．alltheinterestfromthefundD．someoftheinterestinthefundC[细节理解题。NobelPrizes的来源在本文中是指：“Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.”也就是他基金中每年的利息。]4．WhichstatementofthefollowingisRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?A．Nobelsetuphiscompanytosellclothes.B．MostofNobel'smoneywasusedfortheworldwars.C．NobelPrizesareonlyforsomepeoplefromsomespecialcountries.D．Nobelworkedhardinhislifeandsavedlotsofmoneyfortheworldtoshare.D[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts，buthelettheworldsharehiswealth.”可知Nobel让全世界分享(share)他的财富。]BIt'sthetimeofyearwhenkidsarethinkingabouttheirholidaywishlists.Sowhat'saparenttodowhenachildasksforasmartphone?SydneyCroweisinsixthgradeandhasasmartphone.Whilesheadmitsshemostlyusesitfor“playinggamesandwatchingtelevision”，hermom，Patty，saysthat'snotwhySydneygotthephone.Patty'smainconcernwassafety.ThebusmissedSydney'sstopenoughtimestoreallyworryherparents.Withoutmeanstocallanadult，shewouldwalktoschoolnearabusyhighway.That'swhenPattygaveherdaughteraphone.Pattysayssherolledhereyesattheideaofherchildhavingasmartphone，butfinallydecidedtoallowitforonemainreason：peaceofmind.Ontheothersideoftheargument，there'sMercyShannon.She's9yearsoldanddoesn'thaveacellphone.Mercy'smom，BrookeShannon，likemanyotherparents，facedthecellphonedecisionearlyon.Shestartedanonlinepromisecalled“WaitUntil8th”tocreateacommunityofparentswaitingtogivetheirkidssmartphonesuntilatleasteighthgrade—whenmostchildrenarenearinghighschool.Inadditiontowantingherkidstohaveabreakfromscreens，Brookeworriesabouttheinfluenceofsocialmedia(媒体)．“Childrenjustdon'thavethebraindevelopmentatthisagetobeabletodealwiththesocialsituationsthatcomewithsocialmedia，”shesays.Thatisn'tjustaparentconcern.RichardFreed，achildpsychologist(心理学家)andauthorofabookonthesubject，wantedtoresearchthetopicafterseeinganincreaseinthenumberofchildrencomingtohimwithanxietyanddepression.Hissuggestion？Putsomegroundrulesinplace.“Iwantparentstounderstandhowpowerfulthesetechnologiesare，”hesays.There'snomagicagetogiveakidasmartphone.Ratherthanconsideringtheageofachild，weshouldthinkaboutmaturity(成熟)．【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。随着科技发展，越来越多的人开始使用智能。如果一个正在上小学的孩子想要拥有一部智能，父母该不该给呢？5．WhatdoesSydneymainlyusehersmartphonefor?A．Studies.B．Entertainment.C．Callingforhelp.D．Communicatingwithherfamily.B[细节理解题。由第二段中的“Whilesheadmitsshemostlyusesitfor‘playinggamesandwatchingtelevision’”可知，Sydney主要用她的智能玩游戏和看电视，即娱乐。]6．AccordingtoBrooke，childrencanhavesmartphoneswhentheyare________．A．8yearsold B．9yearsoldC．in8thgrade D．inhighschoolC[细节理解题。由第六段中的“Shestartedanonline...untilatleasteighthgrade”可知，Brooke认为应该至少等到孩子上八年级，才可以给他们智能。]7．WhatledtoRichardFreed'sresearchonchildrenhavingsmartphones?A．Hisinterestinthetopic.B．Theneedofwritingabookonthesubject.C．Hiswishtowarnparentsofthepowerofmoderntechnologies.D．Thefactthatmorechildrenarehavingpsychologicalproblems.D[细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“wantedtoresearchthetopic...withanxietyanddepression”可知，RichardFreed看到越来越多的孩子们因为焦虑、抑郁等问题向他求助，之后萌生了研究这个课题的想法。]8．Whatdoestheauthorthinkparentsshouldconsiderbeforegivingchildrensmartphones?A．Theirage.B．Theirsafety.C．Theirholidaywish.D．Theirbraindevelopment.D[细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Ratherthanconsideringtheageofachild，weshouldthinkaboutmaturity(成熟)．”可知，作者认为决定要不要给孩子智能时，不应该考虑他们的年龄，而应该看他们是否成熟，即大脑发育完善与否。]Ⅲ.阅读七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Yourchildrenarewatchingyou.1AccordingtotheHealthProgram，developinghealthyhabitsisanimportantpartforyourchildren.Andwhenitcomestodevelopinghealthyhabits，parentsinfluencetheirchildrenmorethananyoneelse.2Whathappensduringthoseearlyyearscaninfluencechildrenfortherestoftheirlives.Thisincludessomeeatingandexercisehabits.Childrenareverycareful，evenatayoungage.Childrenwatchwhatothersdocarefullyandimitatethebehaviorsofthoseclosesttothem.Asparents，youshoulddothefollowing：3Ifyoudothat，yourchildrenaremorelikelytobeenthusiasticaboutdevelopingtheirs.Letyourchildrenseeyoutakingcareofyourownphysicalhealthbyeatingfruitandvegetables.Talktothemabouthealthyhabitsinappropriatetermsandatapropertime.45Computers，televisionsandotherformsoftechnologyareamajorpartoflifeinthe21stcentury.Unfortunately，astheuseoftechnologyinthehomeincreases，sodoesthetimespentwatchingTVorplayingonthecomputer.Soasparents，youshouldalsoarrangethetimeforyourchildrenwisely.A．Don'tgetridoftechnology，butuseitwisely.B．Takepartinphysicalactivitiesandexerciseregularly.C．Beenthusiasticaboutdevelopinghealthyhabitsofyourown.D．Youractionsarespeakingtothemlouderthanyourwordswill.E．Childrenprefertoimitatetheirparentsratherthanlistentothem.F．Thiscanbehelpfultoteachyourchildrentoformgoodeatinghabits.G．It'seasyforthechildrentoformtheirhealthyhabitswhentheyareyoung.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。父母亲对孩子的好的健康