摘要中常用的表达方法

，需要建立一个适合自己需要的句型库（选择的词汇来源于SCI高被）reviewsummarize,presentoutlinedescribepurpose,attempt,aim等，另外还可以用动词不定式介绍 的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有study,present,include,focus,emphasize,emphasis,attention等介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有teststudy,investigate,examine,experiment,discuss,consider, ysis等measureestimate,calculateuseapplyapplication等showresultpresentsummaryintroduce,conclude等陈 等说明论证，常用词汇有support,provide,indicate,identify,find,demonstrate,confirm,clarify等（3）推荐和建议，常用词汇有suggest,suggestion, propose,necessity,necessary,expect等。 词汇Author(s):ROBINSON,TE;BERRIDGE,THEORYOFADDICTIONSource:BRAINRESEARCHREVIEWS,18(3):247-291SEP-DEC1993论》荷兰SCI被Wereviewevidenceforthisviewofaddictionanddiscussitsimplicationsforunderstandingthepsychologyandneurobiologyofaddiction.回顾研究背景SCI高被引 词汇summarizeAuthor(s):Barnett,RM;Carone,CD; 被1571Title:Particlesandfield.1.ReviewofparticleSource:PHYSICALREVIEWD54(1):1Part1JUL11996:《物理学评论，D辑》summarize:ThisbiennialreviewsummarizesmuchofParticlePhysics.Usingdatafrompreviouseditions,plus1900newmeasurementsfrom700papers,welist,evaluate,andaveragepropertiesofgaugebosons,leptons,quarks,mesons,andbaryons.WealsosummarizesearchesforhypotheticalparticlessuchasHiggsbosons,heavyneutrinos,andsupersymmetricparticles.AlltheparticlepropertiesandsearchlimitsarelistedinSummaryTables.Wealsogivenumeroustables,figures,formulae,andreviewsoftopicssuchastheStandardModel,particledetectors,probability,andstatistics.AbookletisavailablecontainingtheSummaryTablesandabbreviatedversionsofsomeoftheothersectionsofthisfullReview.SCI引言部分案例SCI方法部分案例SCI高被 词汇 SCI728 Source:ANNALSOFSTATISTICS,22(4):1701-1728DEC《统计学》 :SeveralMarkovchainmethodsareavailableforsamplingfromaposteriordistribution.TwoimportantexamplesaretheGibbssamplerandtheMetropolisalgorithm.Inaddition,severalstrategiesareavailableforconstructinghybridalgorithms.Thispaperoutlinessomeofthebasicmethodsandstrategiesanddiscussessomerelatedtheoreticalandpracticalissues.Onthetheoreticalside,resultsfromthetheoryofgeneralstatespaceMarkovchainscanbeusedtoobtainconvergencerates,lawsoflargenumbersandcentrallimittheoremsforestimatesobtainedfromMarkovchainmethods.Thesetheoreticalresultscanbeusedtoguidetheconstructionofmoreefficientalgorithms.ForthepracticaluseofMarkovchainmethods,standardsimulationmethodologyprovidesseveralVariancereductiontechniquesandalsogivesguidanceonthechoiceofsamplesizeandallocation.SCI高被 Author(s):LYNCH,M;MILLIGAN, SCI被Title:YSISOFPOPULATIONGENETIC-STRUCTUREWITHRAPDSource:MOLECULARECOLOGY3(2):91-99APR1994:Recentadvancesintheapplicationofthepolymerasechainreactionmakeitpossibletoscoreindividualsatalargenumberofloci.TheRAPD(randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA)methodisonesuchtechniquethathasattractedwidespreadinterest.TheysisofpopulationstructurewithRAPDdataishamperedbythelackofcompletegenotypicinformationresultingfromdominance,sincethisenhancesthesamplingvarianceassociatedwithsinglelociaswellasinducesbiasinparameterestimation.Wepresentestimatorsforseveralpopulation-geneticparameters(geneandgenotypefrequencies,within-andbetween-populationheterozygosities,degreeofinbreedingandpopulationsubdivision,anddegreeofindividualrelatedness)alongwithexpressionsfortheirsamplingvariances.AlthoughcompleyunbiasedestimatorsdonotappeartobepossiblewithRAPDs,severalstepsaresuggestedthatwillinsurethatthebiasinparameterestimatesisnegligible.Toachievethesamedegreeofstatisticalpower,ontheorderof2to10timesmoreindividualsneedtobesampledperlocuswhendominantmarkersarereliedupon,ascomparedtocodominant(RFLP,isozyme)markers.Moreover,toavoidbiasinparameterestimation,themarkerallelesformostoftheselocishouldbeinrelativelylowfrequency.Duetotheneedforpruninglociwithlow-frequencynullalleles,morelocialsoneedtobesampledwithRAPDsthanwithmoreconventionalmarkers,andsoleproblemsofbiascannotbecompleyeliminated.SCI高被 词汇Author(s):CLONINGER,CR;SVRAKIC,DM;PRZYBECK, Source:ARCHIVESOFGENERALPSYCHIATRY50(12):975-990DEC1993通学纪要引言部分回顾研究背景，常用词汇 被:Inthisstudy,wedescribeapsychobiologicalmodelofthestructuredevelopmentof Previousresearchhasconfirmedfourdimensionsoftemperament:noveltyseeking,harmavoidance,rewarddependence,andpersistence,whichareindependentlyheritable,manifestearlyinlife,andinvolvepreconceptualbiasesinperceptualmemoryandhabitformation.Forthefirsttime,wedescribethreedimensionsofcharacterthatmatureinadulthoodandinfluence alandsocialeffectivenessbyinsightlearningaboutself-concepts.Self-conceptsvaryaccordingtotheextenttowhicha identifiestheselfas(1)anautonomousindividual,(2)anintegralpartofhumanity,and(3)anintegralpartoftheuniverseasawhole.Eachaspectofself-conceptcorrespondstooneofthreecharacterdimensionscalledself-directedness,cooperativeness,andself-transcendence,respectively.Wealsodescribetheconceptualbackgroundanddevelopmentofaself-reportmeasureofthesedimensions,theTemperamentandCharacterInventory.Dataon300individualsfromthegeneralpopulationsupportthereliabilityandstructureoftheseseven dimensions.Wediscusstheimplicationsforstudiesofinformationprocessing,inheritance,development,diagnosis,andtreatment.SCI高被 attempt说明写作目Author(s):Donoho,DL;Johnstone,Title:AdaptingtounknownsmoothnessviawaveletSource:JOURNALOFTHEAMERICANSTATISTICALASSOCIATION,901200-1224DEC1995《统计学会志》被429 :Weattempttorecoverafunctionofunknownsmoothnessfromnoisysampleddata.Weintroduceaprocedure,SureShrink,thatsuppressesnoisebythresholdingtheempiricalwaveletcoefficients.Thethresholdingisadaptive:AthresholdlevelisassignedtoeachdyadicresolutionlevelbytheprincipleofminimizingtheSteinunbiasedestimateofrisk(Sure)forthresholdestimates.ThecomputationaleffortoftheoverallprocedureisorderN.log(N)asafunctionofthesamplesizeN.SureShrinkissmoothnessadaptive:Iftheunknownfunctioncontainsjumps,thenthereconstruction(essentially)doesalso;iftheunknownfunctionhasasmoothpiece,thenthereconstructionis(essentially)assmoothasthemotherwaveletwillallow.Theprocedureisinasenseoptimallysmoothnessadaptive:ItisnearminimaxsimultaneouslyoverawholeintervaloftheBesovscale;thesizeofthisintervaldependsonthechoiceofmotherwavelet.Weknowfromapreviouspaperbytheauthorsthattraditionalsmoothingmethods-kernels,splines,andorthogonalseriesestimates-evenwithoptimalchoicesofthesmoothingparameter,wouldbeunabletoperforminanear-minimaxwayovermanyspacesintheBesovscale.ExamplesofSureShrinkaregiven.TheadvantagesofthemethodareparticularlyevidentwhentheunderlyingfunctionhasjumpdiscontinuitiesonasmoothbackgroundSCI高被 Author(s):OLTVAI,ZN;MILLIMAN,CL;KORSMEYER,Title:BCL-2HETERODIMERIZESIN-VIVOWITHACONSERVEDHOMOLOG,BAX,THATACCELERATESPROGRAMMEDCELL-DEATHSource:CELL,74(4):609-619AUG271993被 :Bcl-2proteinisabletorepressanumberofapoptoticdeathprograms.ToinvestigatethemechanismofBcl-2'seffect,weexaminedwhetherBcl-2inctedwithotherproteins.Weidentifiedanassociated21kdproteinpartner,Bax,thathasextensiveaminoacidhomologywithBcl-2,focusedwithinhighlyconserved sIandII.BaxisencodedbysixexonsanddemonstratesacomplexpatternofalternativeRNAsplicingthatpredictsa21kdmembrane(alpha)andtwoformsofcytosolicprotein(betaandg).BaxhomodimerizesandformsheterodimerswithBcl-2invivo.OverexpressedBaxacceleratesapoptoticdeathinducedbycytokinedeprivationinanIL-3-dependentcellline.OverexpressedBaxalsocountersthedeathrepressoractivityofBcl-2.ThesedatasuggestamodelinwhichtheratioofBcl-2toBaxdeterminessurvivalordeathfollowinganapoptoticstimulus.SCI高被 purposes说明写作目Author(s):ROGERS,FJ;IGLESIAS,Source:ASTROPHYSICALJOURNALSUPPLEMENTSERIES,79(2):507-APR1992《天体物理学增》SCI被 :FormorethantwodecadestheastrophysicscommunityhasdependedonopacitytablesproducedatLosAlamos.InthepresentworkweoffernewradiativeRosselandmeanopacitytablescalculatedwiththeOPALcodedevelopedindependentlyatLLNL.WegiveextensiveresultsfortherecentAnders-GrevessemixturewhichallowaccurateThetablesareorganizeddifferentlyfrompreviouswork.Insteadofrowsandcolumnsofconstanttemperatureanddensity,weusetemperatureandfollowtracksofconstantR,whereR=density/(temperature)3.TherangeofRandtemperaturearesuchastocovertypicalslarconditionsfromtheinteriorthroughtheenvelopeandthehotteratmospheres.Coolatmospheresarenotconsideredsincephotoabsorptionbymoleculesisneglected.Onlyradiativeprocessesaretakenintoaccountsothatelectronconductionisnotincluded.ForcomparisonpurposeswepresentsomeopacitytablesfortheRoss-AllerandCox-Tabormetalabundances.AlthoughinmanyregionstheOPALopacitiesaresimilartopreviouswork,largedifferencesarereported.Forexample,factorsof2-3opacityenhancementsarefoundinslarenvelopconditions.SCI高被 aim说明写作目Author(s):EDVARDSSON,B;ANDERSEN,J;GUSTAFSSON,B;LAMBERT,DL;NISSEN,PE;TOMKIN,JTitle:THECHEMICALEVOLUTIONOFTHEGALACTICDISK.1.YSISAND 文学与天体物理学 被 Withtheaimtoprovideobservationalconstraintsontheevolutionofthegalacticdiskwehavederivedabundancesof0,NaMg,AlSiCa,Ti,FeNiYZrBaandNd,aswellasindividualphotometricagesfor189nearbyfieldFandGdiskdwarfs.Thegalacticorbitalpropertiesofallstarshavebeenderivedfromaccuratekinematicdata,enablingestimatestobemadeofthedistancesfromthegalacticcenterofthestars‘birthces.结Ourextensivehighresolution,highS/N,spectroscopicobservationsofcarefullynorthernandsouthernstarsprovideaccurateequivalentwidthsofupto86unblendedabsorptionlinesperstarbetween5000and9000angstrom.TheabundanceysiswasmadewithgreatlyimprovedtheoreticalLTEmodelatmospheres.Throughtheinclusionofagreatnumberofiron-peakelementabsorptionlinesthemodelfluxesreproducetheobservedUVandvisualfluxeswithgoodaccuracy.AnewtheoreticalcalibrationofT(eff)asafunctionofStromgrenb-yforsolar-typedwarfshasbeenestablished.ThenewmodelsandT(eff)scaleareshowntoyieldgoodagreementbetweenphotometricandspectroscopicmeasurementsofeffectivetemperaturesandsurfacegravities,butthephotometricallyderivedveryhighoverallmetallicitiesforthemostmetalrichstarsarenotsupportedbythespectroscopicysisofweakspectrallines.CALCULATIONS-MOLECULAR-DYNAMICSANDCONJUGATEGRADIENTSSource:REVIEWSOFMODERNPHYSICS,64(4):1045-1097OCT 物理学评论》AmericanPhysicalSocietySCI被 :Thisarticledescribesrecenttechnicaldevelopmentsthathavemadethetotal-energypseudopotentialthemostpowerfulabinitioquantum-mechanicalmodelingmethodpresentlyavailable.Inadditiontopresentingtechnicaldetailsofthepseudopotentialmethod,thearticleaimstoheightenawarenessofthecapabilitiesofthemethodinordertostimulateitsapplicationtoaswidearangeofproblemsinasmanyscientificdisciplinesasSCI高被 includes介 的重点内容或研究范Author(s):MARCHESINI,G;WEBBER,BR;ABBIENDI,G;KNOWLES,IG;SEYMOUR,MH;STANCO,LTitle:HERWIG5.1AMONTE-CARLOEVENTGENERATORFORSIMULATINGHADRONEMISSIONREACTIONSWITHINTERFERINGGLUONS SCI被955次Source:COMPUTERPHYSICSCOMMUNICATIONS673):465-508JAN1992: :HERWIGisageneral-purposeparticle-physicseventgenerator,whichincludesthesimulationofhardlepton-lepton,lepton-hadronandhadron-hadronscatteringandsofthadron-hadroncollisionsinonepackage.Itusestheparton-showerapproachforinitial-stateandfinal-stateQCDradiation,includingcolourcoherenceeffectsandcorrelationsbothwithinandbetweenjets.ThisarticleincludesabriefreviewofthephysicsunderlyingHERWIG,followedbyadescriptionoftheprogramitself.Thisincludesdetailsoftheinputandcontrolparametersusedbytheprogram,andtheoutputdataprovidedbyit.Sampleoutputfromatypicalsimulationisgivenandannotated.SCI高被 引言部分案例presents介 的重点内容或研究范Author(s):IDSO,KE;IDSO,Title:NT-RESPONSESTOATMOSPHERICCO2ENRIENTINTHEFACEOFENVIRONMENTALCONSTRAINTS-AREVIEWOFTHEPAST10YEARSRESEARCH METEOROLOGY,69(3-4):153-2031994《农业和林业气象学》荷兰Elsevier被 :Thispaperpresentsadetailedysisofseveralhundredntcarbonexchangerate(CER)anddryweight(DW)responsestoatmosphericCO2enrientdeterminedoverthepast10years.Itdemonstratesthatthepercentageincreaseinntgrowthproducedbyraisingtheair'sCO2contentisgenerallynotreducedbylessthanoptimallevelsoflight,waterorsoilnutrients,norbyhightemperatures,salinityorgaseousairpollution.Moreoftenthannot,infact,thedatashowtherelativegrowth-enhancingeffectsofatmosphericCO2enrienttobegreatestwhenresourcelimitationsandenvironmentalstressesaremostsevere.SCI高被 引言部分案例介 的重点内容或研究范围Author(s):BESAG,J;GREEN,P;HIGDON,D;MENGERSEN,Source:STATISTICALSCIENCE,10(1):3-41FEB1995SCI被296 :MarkovchainMonteCarlo(MCMC)methodshavebeenusedextensivelyinstatisticalphysicsoverthelast40years,inspatialstatisticsforthepast20andinBayesianimageysisoverthelastdecade.Inthelastfiveyears,MCMChasbeenintroducedintosignificancetesting,generalBayesianinferenceand umlikelihoodestimation.ThispaperpresentsbasicmethodologyofMCMC,emphasizingtheBayesianparadigm,conditionalprobabilityandtheintimaterelationshipwithMarkovrandomfieldsinspatialstatistics.Hastingsalgorithmsarediscussed,includingGibbs,Metropolisandsomeothervariations.PairwisedifferencepriorsaredescribedandareusedsubsequentlyinthreeBayesianapplications,ineachofwhichthereisapronouncedspatialortemporalaspecttothemodeling.Theexamplesinvolvelogisticregressioninthepresenceofunobservedcovariatesandordinalfactors;theysisofagriculturalfieldexperiments,withadjustmentforfertilitygradients;andprocessingoflow-resolutionmedicalimagesobtainedbyag camera.AdditionalmethodologicalissuesariseineachoftheseapplicationsandintheAppendices.ThepaperlaysparticularemphasisonthecalculationofposteriorprobabilitiesandconcurswithothersinitsviewthatMCMCfacilitatesafundamentalbreakthroughinappliedBayesianmodeling.SCI高被 介 的重点内容或研究范围Author(s):HUNT,KJ;SBARBARO,D;ZBIKOWSKI,R;GAWTHROP,Title:NEURALNETWORKSFORCONTROL-SYSTEMS-ASource:AUTOMATICA,28(6):1083-1112NOV1992SCI被427 :Thispaperfocusesonthepromiseofartificialneuralnetworksintherealmofmodelling,identificationandcontrolofnonlinearsystems.Thebasicideasandtechniquesofartificialneuralnetworksarepresentedinlanguageandnotationfamiliartocontrolengineers.Applicationsofavarietyofneuralnetworkarchitecturesincontrolaresurveyed.Weexplorethelinksbetweenthefieldsofcontrolscienceandneuralnetworksinaunifiedpresentationandidentifykeyareasforfutureresearch.SCI高被 的重点内容或研究范围Author(s):Stuiver,M;Reimer,PJ;Bard,E;Beck,Title:INTCAL98radiocarbonagecalibration,24,000-0calSource:RADIOCARBON,40(3):1041-10831998《放射性碳》SCI被2131 :Thefocusofthispaperistheconversionofradiocarbonagestocalibrated(cal)agesfortheinterval24,000-0calBP(BeforePresent,0calBP=AD1950),baseduponasamplesetofdendrochronologicallydatedtreerings,uranium-thoriumdatedcorals,andvarve-countedmarinesediment.TheC-14age-calageinformation,producedbymanylaboratories,isconvertedtoDelta(14)Cprofilesandcalibrationcurves,fortheatmosphereaswellastheoceans.WediscussoffsetsinmeasuredC-14agesandtheerrorstherein,regionalC-14agedifferences,tree-coralC-14agecomparisonsandthetimedependenceofmarinereservoirages,andevaluatedecadalvs.single-yearC-14results.Changesinoceanicdeepwatercirculation,especiallyforthe16,000-11,000calspinterval,arereflectedintheDelta(14)CvaluesofINTCAL98.SCI高被 介 的重点内容或研究范围Author(s):LEBRETON,JD;BURNHAM,KP;CLOBERT,J;ANDERSON,Title:MODELINGSURVIVALANDTESTINGBIOLOGICALHYPOTHESESUSINGMARKEDANIMALS-AUNIFIEDAPPROACHWITHCASE-STUDIESSource:ECOLOGICALMONOGRAPHS,62(1):67-118MAR《生态学论丛》 :Theunderstandingofthedynamicsofanimalpopulationsandofrelatedecologicalandevolutionaryissuesfrequentlydependsonadirectysisoflifehistoryparameters.Forinstance,examinationoftrade-offsbetweenreproductionandsurvivalusuallyrelyonindividuallymarkedanimals,forwhichtheexacttimeofdeathismostoftenunknown,becausemarkedindividualscannotbefollowedcloselythroughtime.Thus,thetativeysisofsurvivalstudiesandexperimentsmustbebasedoncapture-recapture(orresighting)modelswhichconsider,besidestheparametersofprimaryrecaptureorresightingratesthatarenuisanceparameters.Thispapersynthesizes,usingacommonframework,theserecentdevelopmentstogetherwithnewones,withanemphasisonflexibilityinmodeling,modelselection,andtheysisofmultipledatasets.Theeffectsonsurvivalandcaptureratesoftime,age,andcategoricalvariablescharacterizingtheindividuals(e.g.,)canbeconsidered,aswellasinctionsbetweensucheffects.This"ysisofvariance"philosophyemphasizesthestructureofthesurvivalandcaptureprocessratherthanthetechnicalcharacteristicsofanyparticularmodel.Theflexiblearrayofmodels passedinthissynthesisusesacommonnotation.Asaresultofthegreatlevelofflexibilityandrelevanceachieved,thefocusischangedfromfittingaparticularmodeltomodelbuildingandmodelselection. discuss,consider, ysis等（2）measureestimate,calculate（3）use,applyapplicationSCI高被 discusses介绍研究或试验过Author(s):LIANG,KY;ZEGER,SL;QAQISH,Source:JOURNALOFTHEROYALSTATISTICALSOCIETYSERIESMETHODOLOGICAL,54(1):3-401992《统计学会志，B辑：统计方法论SCI被 :Itiscommontoobserveavectorofdiscreteand/orcontinuousresponsesinscientificproblemswheretheobjectiveistocharacterizethedependenceofeachresponseonexnatoryvariablesandtoaccountfortheassociationbetweenthe es.Theresponsevectorcancompriserepeatedobservationsononevariable,asinlongitudinalstudiesorgeneticstudiesoffamilies,orcanincludeobservationsfordifferentvariables.Thispaperdiscussesaclassofmodelsforthemarginalexpectationsofeachresponseandforpairwiseassociations.Themarginalmodelsarecontrastedwithlog-linearmodels.Twogeneralizedestimatingequationapproachesarecomparedforparameterestimation.Thefirstfocusesontheregressionparameters;thesecondsimultaneouslyestimatestheregressionandassociationparameters.Therobustnessandefficiencyofeachisdiscussed.ThemethodsareillustratedwithysesoftwodatasetsfrompublichealthresearchSCI高被 方法部分案例介绍研究或试验过程Author(s):Huo,QS;Margolese,DI;Stucky,Title:Surfactantcontrolofphasesinthesynthesisofmesoporoussilica-basedSCI被643 :Thelow-temperatureformationofliquid-crystal-likearraysmadeupofmolecularcomplexesformedbetweenmolecularinorganicspeciesandamphiphilicorganicmoleculesisaconvenientapproachforthesynthesisofmesostructurematerials.Thispaperexamineshowthemolecularshapesofcovalentorganosilanes,quaternaryammoniumsurfactants,andmixedsurfactantsinvariousreactionconditionscanbeusedtosilica-basedmesophaseconfigurations,MCM-41(2dhexagonal,p6m),MCM-48(cubicIa3d),MCM-50(lamellar),SBA-1(cubicPm3n),SBA-2(3dhexagonalP6(3)/mmc),andSBA-3(hexagonalp6mfromacidicsynthesismedia).Thestructuralfunctionofsurfactantsinmesophaseformationcantoafirstapproximationberelatedtothatofclassicalsurfactantsinwaterorothersolventswithparallelrolesfororganicadditives.Theeffectivesurfactantionpairpackingparameter,g=V/alpha(0)l,remainsausefulmolecularstructure-directingindextocharacterizethegeometryofthemesophaseproducts,andphasetransitionsmaybeviewedasavariationofgintheliquid-crystal-Likesolidphase.Solventandcosolventstructuredirectioncanbeeffectivelyusedbyvaryingpolarity,hydrophobic/hydrophilicpropertiesandfunctionalizingthesurfactantmolecule,forexamplewithhydroxygrouporvariablecharge.Surfactantsandsynthesisconditionscanbechosenandcontrolledtoobtainpredictedsilica-basedmesophaseproducts.Aroom-temperaturesynthesisofthebicontinuouscubicphase,MCM-48,ispresented.Alow-temperature(100degreesC)andlow-pH(7-10)treatmentapproachthatcanbeusedtogiveMCM-41withhigh-quality,largepores(upto60Angstrom),andporevolumesaslarge1.6cm(3)/gis 介绍研究或试验过程SCI高被 Author(s):KESSLER,RC;MCGONAGLE,KA;ZHAO,SY;NELSON,CB;HUGHES,M;ESHLEMAN,S;WITTCHEN,HU;KENDLER,KSTitle:LIFETIMEAND12-MONTHPREVALENCEOFDSM-III-RPSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERSINTHEUNITED-STATES-RESULTSFROMTHE Source:ARCHIVESOFGENERALPSYCHIATRY,51(1):8-19JAN《普通学纪要》SCI被4350 :Background:Thisstudypresentsestimatesoflifetimeand12-monthprevalenceof14DSM-III-RpsychiatricdisordersfromtheNationalComorbiditySurvey,thefirstsurveytoadministerastructuredpsychiatricinterviewtoanationalprobabilitysampleintheUnitedStates.Methods:TheDSM-III-Rpsychiatricdisordersamong saged15to54yearsinthenoninstitutionalizedcivilianpopulationoftheUnitedStateswereassessedwithdatacollectedbylayinterviewersusingarevisedversionoftheCompositeInternationalDiagnosticInterview.Results:Nearly50%ofrespondentsreportedatleastonelifetimedisorder,andcloseto30%reportedatleastone12-monthdisorder.Themostcommondisordersweremajordepressiveepisode,alcoholdependence,socialphobia,andsimplephobia.Morethanhalfofalllifetimedisordersoccurredinthe14%ofthepopulationwhohadahistoryofthreeormorecomorbiddisorders.Thesehighlycomorbidpeoplealsoincludedthevastmajorityofpeoplewithseveredisorders.Lessthan40%ofthosewithalifetimedisorderhadeverreceivedprofessionaltreatment,andlessthan20%ofthosewitharecentdisorderhadbeenintreatmentduringthepast12months.Consistentwithpreviousriskfactorresearch,itwasfoundthatwomenhadelevatedratesofaffectivedisordersandanxietydisorders,thatmenhadelevatedratesofsubstanceusedisordersand alitydisorder,andthatmostdisordersdeclinedwithageandwithhighersocioeconomicstatus.Conclusions:Theprevalenceofpsychiatricdisordersisgreaterthanpreviouslythoughttobethecase.Furthermore,thismorbidityismorehighlyconcentratedthanpreviouslyrecognizedinroughlyonesixthofthepopulationwhohaveahistoryofthreeormorecomorbiddisorders.Thissuggeststhatthecausesandconsequencesofhighcomorbidityshouldbethefocusofresearchattention.Themajorityofpeoplewithpsychiatricdisordersfailtoobtainprofessionaltreatment.Evenamongpeoplewithalifetimehistoryofthreeormorecomorbiddisorders,theproportionwhoeverobtainspecialtysectormentalhealthtreatmentislessthan50%.Theseresultsarguefortheimportanceofmoreoutreachandmoreresearchonbarrierstoprofessionalhelp-seekingSCI高被 Author(s):Schlegel,DJ;Finkbeiner,DP;Davis,Title:MapsofdustinfraredemissionforuseinestimationofreddeningandcosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiationforegroundsSource:ASTROPHYSICALJOURNAL,500(2):525-553Part1JUN20 被2972次《天体物理学TheprimaryuseofthesemapsislikelytobeasanewestimatorofGalacticextinction.Tocalibrateourmaps,weassumeastandardreddeninglawandusethecolorsofellipticalgalaxiestomeasurethereddeningperunitfluxdensityof100mumemission.WefindconsistentcalibrationusingtheB-Rcolordistributionofasampleofthe106brightestclusterellipticals,aswellasasampleof384ellipticalswithB-VandMglinestrengthmeasurements.Forthelattersample,weusethecorrelationofintrinsicB-VversusMg,indextotightenthepowerofthetestgreatly.WedemonstratethatthenewmapsaretwiceasaccurateastheolderBurstein-Heilesreddeningestimatesinregionsoflowandmoderatereddening.Themapsareexpectedtobesignificantlymoreaccurateinregionsofhighreddening.ThesedustmapswillalsobeusefulforestimatingmillimeteremissionthatcontaminatescosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiationexperimentsandforestimatingsoftX-rayabsorption.Wedescribehowtoaccessourmapsreadilyforgeneraluse.SCI高被 Author(s):MALLAT,S;ZHONG,Title:CHARACTERIZATIONOFSIGNALSFROMMULTISCALESource:IEEETRANSACTIONSONPATTERNYSISANDMACHINE LIGENCE,14(7):710-732JUL1992SCI被508 《IEEE模式分析与机器智能汇》 :AmultiscaleCannyedgedetectionisequivalenttofindingthelocal aofForpatternrecognition,oneoftenneedstodiscriminatedifferenttypesofedges.Weshowthattheevolutionofwaveletlocalaacrossscalescharacterizethelocalshapeofirregularstructures.Numericaldescriptorsofedgetypesarederived.Thecompletenessofamultiscaleedgerepresentationisalsostudied.Wedescribeanalgorithmthatreconstructsacloseapproximationof1-Dand2-Dsignalsfromtheirmultiscaleedges.Forimages,thereconstructionerrorsarebelowourvisualsensitivity.Asanapplication,weimplementacompactimagecodingalgorithmthatselectsimportantedgesandcompressestheimagedatabyfactorsover Author(s):BELL,AJ;SEJNOWSKI,Title:ANINFORMATION IZATIONAPPROACHTOBLINDSEPARATIONANDBLINDDECONVOLUTIONSource:NEURALCOMPUTATION,7(6):1129-1159NOVSCI被923《神经计算》 :Wederiveanewself-organizinglearningalgorithmthat izestheinformationtransferredinanetworkofnonlinearunits.Thealgorithmdoesnotassumeanyknowledgeoftheinputdistributions,andisdefinedhereforthezero-noiselimit.Undertheseconditions,information izationhasextrapropertiesnotfoundinthelinearcase(Linsker1989).Thenonlinearitiesinthetransferfunctionareabletopickuphigher-ordermomentsoftheinputdistributionsandperformsomethingakintotrueredundancyreductionbetweenunitsintheoutputrepresentation.Thisenablesthenetworktoseparatestatisticallyindependentcomponentsintheinputs:ahigher-ordergeneralizationofprincipalcomponentsysis.Weapplythenetworktothesourceseparation(orcocktailparty)problem,successfullyseparatingunknownmixturesofupto10speakers.Wealsoshowthatavariantonthenetworkarchitectureisabletoperformblinddeconvolution(cancellationofunknownechoesandreverberationinaspeechsignal).Finally,wederivedependenciesofinformationtransferontimedelays.Wesuggestthatizationprovidesaunifyingframeworkforproblemsin''blind''signal Author(s):SJOSTRAND,Title:HIGH-ENERGY-PHYSICSEVENTGENERATIONWITHPYTHIA-5.7ANDSource:COMPUTERPHYSICSCOMMUNICATIONS,82(1):74-89AUGSCI被1735《计算机物理学通讯》荷 :PYTHIAandJETSETarethetwomaincomponentsofthe''LundMonteCarlo''programsuite.Theycanbeusedtogeneratehigh-energy-physics''events'',i.e.setsofoutgoingparticlesproducedintheinctionsbetweentwo ingparticles.Ideallytheseeventsshouldhavethesameaveragebehaviourandthesamefluctuationsasrealdata.Theunderlyingphysicsisnotunderstoodwellenoughtogiveanexactdescription,theprogramsthereforecontainaco