大一英语第四单元课件

Unit4TextAAVirtualLifeDirections:FindthewordfromColumnAthatmatchesthedefinitioninColumnBColumnAColumnB1.interpret A.givesth.tosb.sothatitcanbeformallyconsidered2.fluid B.aterrifyingdream3.stretch C.aparticularwayofconsideringanissue4.submit D.makeangry;irritate5.nightmare E.wrongorexcessiveuse;crueltreatment6.suck F.ill;bed7.angle G.causetobecomelongerorwiderwithoutbreaking8.abuse H.messengerfromGod,usu.showninpicturesasahumanbeing inwhitewithwings9.arrange I.notstable,likelytochange10.annoy G.floworfloat K.show,makeclear,themeaningof(eitherinwordsorbyartistic performance) L.prepareorplan M.reviseorcorrect N.drawliquidorairintothemouthNBC(theNationalBroadcastingCompany)ThefirstoftheoriginalthreeUSnationalbroadcastingcompanies(NBC,CBS,ABC).Itiscalled"thePeacock

Network"becauseofthetitleanimalinitslogo.Itwasestablishedin1926byRadioCorporationofAmerica(美国无线电公司）astwogroupsofradiostations.ThefirstNBCtelevisionchannelopenedin1940.thecompanyisnowownedbyGeneralElectric.ItsmainofficesareatRockefellerCenterinNewYork.Programs:ER(EmergencyRoom),Friends,NBCNewsABC(theAmericanBroadcastingCompany)OneoftheoriginalthreemajortelevisionnetworksinAmerica.Itbeganin1943astheBlueNetwork（蓝色广播网）ofsixradiostations.ABCisnowownedbytheWaltDisneyCompany.Programs:DesperateHousewives,Grey‘sAnatomy(实习医生格蕾），Lost（迷失）Themostdynamiccombiningforms/prefixesfornewcomputer-and-Internet-relatedvocabularyinEnglisharecyber-,virtual,Net-(net-),Web-(web-),andE-(e-).NewEnglishvocabularyitemsderivedfromthemusuallyappearinthefollowingforms:combiningforms/prefixes+noun:(thisisthemostcommontype)virtuallife(虚拟生活) virtualworld(虚拟世界)virtualcommunity(虚拟社区) virtualoffice(虚拟办公室)virtualpet(虚拟宠物) virtualreality（虚拟现实)cyber-interaction(网络互动) cyberculture(网络文化)cybernut(网虫) cyberpet(电子宠物)cyberspace(网络空间),netwriter(发送电子邮件的人) nethead(网虫),Webmaster(网络维护者) Webpage(网页)website(网站) WebTV(网络电视机),E-book(电子书籍) E-shopper(网上购物者)e-card(电子贺卡) e(-)mail(电子邮件)e-journal(电子杂志) e-business(电子商务)e-cash(电子货币) e-commerce(电子商务)[c]2.combiningforms/prefixes+verb:cybersurf(网络漫游) netsurf(网络漫游)websurf(网络漫游) email(发送电子邮件)3.wordslikecyber,net,etc.+suffix:cyberian(cyber+ian,网络用户)cyberphobia(cyber+phobia,电脑恐惧症)cybernaut(cyber+naut网络用户)netter(net+er网民) Webify(web+fy使万维网化)cyberize(cyber+ize,使联网).4.clippedword:cyberdoc(cyber+doctor,网络医生) Netcast(Net+broadcast,网络播放)Netiquette(Net+etiquette,网规) Netizen(Net+citizen,网民)Netpreneur(Net+entrepreneur,网络企业家)Webcam(Web+camera,网络摄像机) Webcasting(Web+broadcasting,网络播放)Webliography(Web+bibliogrpahy,网络书目)Webnomics(Web+economics,网络经济)Webzine(Web+magazine,网络杂志)e-tailing(electronic+retailing,电子零售)e-zine(electronic+magazine,电子杂志).Languagestudy1.virtual:1)createdandexistingonlyinacomputerSomepeoplespendtoomuchtimeescapingfromrealityintothevirtualworldconjuredupontheircomputerscreens.我可以访问一个网店，通过点鼠标把我需要的东西放入购物篮。IcanvisitavirtualstoreandputwhatIwantinmybasketattheclickofamousebutton.2)beingoractingaswhatisdescribed,butnotacceptedassuchinnameorofficiallyNowthatthetalkshavebrokendown,warintheregionlookslikeavirtualcertainty.我们的副经理（deputymanager）是实际的领导。Ourdeputymanageristhevirtualheadofthebusiness.[deriv.]virtuallyad.Confusableword:virtuen.善，德行，美德，优点，长处2.interpret:1)understand(sth.said,ordered,ordone)Theyareworriedthatthestudentsmightinterpretthenewregulationasarestrictionoftheirrights.她把这个梦理解为想要重获青春的潜意识愿望（unconsciousdesire）。Sheinterpretsthedreamasanunconsciousdesiretobeyoungagain.2)giveorprovidethemeaningof,explainThisdreamcanbeinterpretedinseveraldifferentways.你如何解释他拒绝见我们？Howdoyouinterprethisrefusaltoseeus?3)translatewhatissaidinonelanguageintoanother非常抱歉，我一句话都听不懂。你能帮我翻译一下吗？Iamterriblysorry,butIdon'tunderstandaword.Couldyouinterpretforme?[c][deriv.]interpretern.口译者；译员interpretationn.解释；说明；翻译Collocation:interpretthemeaningof理解的意义interpretas把…...理解为……Inmanycultures，peoplewhowerethoughttohavetheabilityto__________dreamswerelikelytobehighlyrespected.A.interpretB.interveneC.inheritD.impartCf.:expand，extend，enlarge＆stretchexpand表示长度、面积、体积等方面的扩张、膨胀，多含朝四面八方扩张或延伸之意。e.g.：Heexpandshisoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.他把他的经营扩展到服装生意的各个方面。extend意为“扩展、延伸”，表示空间、时间、土地等方面的扩展或延续，也表示将某事物延伸到所期望的地步，还可以表示将身体的各个部位尽可能地伸展开来。e.g.：Can’tyouextendyourvisitforafewdays?你不能多停留几天吗?enlarge意为“扩大；增长”，它可以指把照片放大、房子扩大、尺寸或空间扩大，也可以指体积、容积的增长，还可以指兴趣、活动范围等抽象观念的增加。e.g.：Thesuccessfulinvestmentenlargedhispersonalfortune.成功的投资增加了他的财富。stretch意为“伸长；拉紧；展开”，常指由曲变直，由短变长的伸展，也可表示肢体的舒展，还可以表示时间、决定等超过了所规定的范围或限度。e.g.:Thecablesaredesignednottostretch.电缆被设计成不可伸展的。Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork，theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,__________themselves.A.stretchingB.extendingC.prolongingD.expanding4.submit:（1）give(sth.)tosb.sothatitmaybeformallyconsidered(followedbyto)Youshouldsubmityourreportstothecommittee.我要提交一份申请，应聘微软公司的那份工作。（anapplicationfor）IamgoingtosubmitanapplicationforthatjobinMicrosoft.你应该在三月份之前把报告提交委员会。YoushouldsubmityourreporttothecommitteebeforeMarch.（2）～(oneself)tosb.／sth.:put(oneself)underthecontrolofanother；surrender；giveinTheyneversubmittedtotheenemyduringthewar.战争期间他们从未屈服于敌人。妻子应该顺从丈夫吗?Shouldawifesubmitherselftoherhusband?[deriv.]submissionn.提交；提议；投降；归顺submissiveadj.顺从的；服从的；提出的5.endless:adj.havingorseemingtohavenoendThewarseemsendlesstothesoldiers.战争对士兵而言似乎无休止。我对他无休止的抱怨感到厌烦。I'mfedupwithhisendlesscomplaint.[deriv.]endlesslyadv.无尽地；无穷地；无边地；不断地[syn.]infinite，boundless，immeasurable[ant.]finite，definite，limited关于词后缀-less：表示否定含义的形容词后缀n.+less--adj.(negativemeaning)careless：粗心的；疏忽的mindless：没头脑的；粗心大意的meaningless：没有意义的useless:无用的；无价值的Completethesentenceswithoneofthefollowing:in,down,away,back,on,apart,off,after,up.1.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,youcantakethematter_____withtherailwaycompany.2.Weoughtnottotake_____thepoorman’stime.he’sbusy.3.Youcanseefromhisnosethathetakes_____hisfather.4.Whentheyarrivedattheairfieldtheplanewasjustgoingtotake_____.5.Ifyouspeakslowlyandclearlythestudentswilltake_____themeaning.upupafteroffin[c]6.WhenIvisitedmyhome-townagain,ittookme____tomychildhood.7.I’lltake____yournameandaddressandyoucanpaythemoneylater.8.Take_____3from5andyouget2.9.It’seasytotakeawatch_____butdifficulttoputittogetheragain.10.Whenthewordappearsinthiscontext,ittakes_____anentirelydifferentmeaning.backdownawayaparton7.data:information,heformoffactsorstatisticsthatyoucananalyzeThisdataisstoredonthenetworkandcanbeaccessedbyanybody.Thedataisstillbeinganalyzed,soIcan'ttellyoutheresults.Thedataareinsufficient.外来名词是指从拉丁文、希腊、法文、意大利文等进入英语的名词。这些外来词单数变复数有的仍按原语言单数变复数的规则，有的也可按英语名词单数变复数的规则在词尾加s或es。1.-a结尾，加-e（个别加-s）formula公式——formulae/formulas alumna女学生——alumnaedogma教条——dogmas antenna天线—antennae/antennas2.-is结尾，变-is为-esbasis基础——bases crisis危机——crisesaxis轴——axes thesis论文——thesesoasis绿洲——oases analysis分析——analysessynopsis提要——synopses synthesis合成——synthesesdiagnosis诊断——diagnoses hypothesis假设——hypothesesparenthesis圆括号——parentheses[c]8.symptom:1)signoftheexistenceofsth.badTheyregardtheincreaseincrimeasasymptomofamoregeneraldeclineinmoralstandards.政府切不可忽视其支持者间所表现出的这些不满（discontent）征候。TheGovernmentmustnotignorethesesymptomsofdiscontentamongtheirsupporters.2)changeinthebodythatindicatesanillnessIfthesymptomspersist,itisimportanttogotoyourdoctor.发冷，发烧和头痛是流感的一般症状。Acold,feverandheadachearetheusualsymptomsofflu.[deriv.]symptomatica.9.conversely:inawaythatisoppositetosth.$1willbuy100yenworthofJapanesegoods.Conversely,100yenwillbuy$1worthofAmericangoods.你可以把液体加入粉末中，反过来也可以把粉末加入液体中。Youcanaddthefluidtothepowderor,conversely,thepowdertothefluid.10.jar:haveaharshoranunpleasanteffect(usedinthepattern:jarsth.,jaronsb./sth.)Youshouldn'thavetoomanycolorsinasmallspaceastheeffectcanjar.巨响使我烦躁不安。Theloudbangjarredmynerves.她尖利的（squeaky）嗓音让我不舒服。Hersqueakyvoicejarredonme.11.insight:1)visibleAsthetrainpulledintothestationmyparentsstandingontheplatformweresooninsight.大清早，校园里看不到一个人。Itwasearlyinthemorningandtherewasn'tanyoneinsightoncampus.2)likelytocomesoonTheendoftheeconomicnightmareisstillnowhereinsight.Asolutiontotheproblemofenvironmentalpollutionnowseemsinsight.两个月过去了，还是看不到胜利的迹象。Twomonthspassed,andvictorywasnotyetinsight.Cf.:remark,comment”谈论”，“评论”remark:常用词，指议论、评价，常含有一种随便的意味，如Ishouldbepleasedtohaveyourremark.Hment:强调批评性的评述。Somescathingcommentswereheardfromvisitors.在来宾那儿听到了一些尖刻的批评。Itbecameamatterofcynicalcommentamongtheneighbors.这件事成了邻居们冷嘲热讽的话题。13.emotional:1)oftheemotionsSheisgratefultohimforhisemotionalsupportwhileshewasintrouble.处理感情问题很困难。It'squitedifficulttohandleemotionalproblems.2)havingemotionsthatareeasilyexcitedMariegotveryemotionalwhenweparted,andstartedtocry.据说意大利人比我们更情感奔放。It'ssaidthattheItaliansaremoreemotionalthanweare.[relativewords]emotionn．激动；情感；情绪emotionlessa．无感情的emotionallyad.诉诸情感地emotivea．情感的；易激动情感的16.restore:vt.（1）bringbacktoaformercondition(usedinthepattern:restoresth.;restoresb.tosth.)Winningthreegamesrestoredtheirconfidence.Doingsportseverydayrestoredtheoldmantogoodhealth.在这个事件后，法律和秩序将很快得到恢复。Lawandorderwillbequicklyrestoredaftertheincident.Thoughbadlydamagedbyfire，thepalacewaseventuallyrestoredtoitsoriginalsplendor.虽然这座宫殿遭到了大火的严重损坏，但经修复，最终恢复了它原有的壮观。（2）～(to)giveback归还；交还Thestolenbikewasrestoredafterthethiefwascaught.贼抓到后，自行车被归还了。[deriv.]restorationn.恢复；复原；归还restorativeadj.有助于恢复健康与体力的Collocation:restore...to...使恢复到；把还给17.arrange:prepareorplan(usedinthepattern:arrangesth.;arrangetodosth.;arrangeforsb./sth.todosth.)Hermarriagewasarrangedbyherparents.Ihavearrangedforataxitopickusupat8:00a.m.你擅长插花吗?Areyougoodatarrangingflowers?Icouldarrangeforyoutocomealongwithusifyoulike.[deriv.]arrangementn.安排；排列；整理arrangedadj.被安排好的rearrangevt.再排列；重新整理Theministerhadhissecretaries_________apressconference.A.arrangeB.toarrangeC.arrangingD.arranged18.flee:runaway(from)(usedinthepattern:fleefrom/to;fleesomeplace)Duringthewar,thousandsuponthousandsofAfghansfledthecountry.当警铃响起，顾客们纷纷逃离银行。Thecustomersfledfromthebankwhenthealarmsounded.Uptofivemillionpoliticalrefugeeshavefledtoothercountries.Cf.:escape＆flee两个词都有“逃跑”的含义escape指逃离对自己的限制、对个人利益的危险等。Hewasrecapturedafterheescaped.他逃跑后又被逮捕了。flee指因惧怕或避开危害而匆忙地逃遁，往往强调逃跑的行为动作。Theenemyfledindisorder.敌人仓惶溃逃。Thousandshavebeencompelledtofleethecountry.成千上万的人被迫逃离了祖国。Heslammedthebedroomdoorbehindhimandfled.他摔上身后卧室的门逃走了。19.interview:n.1)ameetingatwhichajournalistaskssb.questionsinordertofindouttheirnewsInanexclusiveinterviewwithourreporter,thefilmstarrevealedsomeofhispersonalaffairs.广播采访一般比电视采访松弛一些。Radiointerviewsaregenerallymorerelaxedthantelevisionones.2)aformalmeetingatwhichsb.applyingforajobisaskedquestions,asawayofjudginghowsuitabletheyare.IhavebeenaskedtogoforaninterviewforaprojectIappliedforatHarvardUniversity.她已经参加了两三个（acoupleof）求职面试了，但还没有得到一个工作邀请（offer）。Shehashadacoupleofjobinterviews,butnooffers.

[c]V.Afterthepressconference,thejournalistinterviewedtheUNSecretaryGeneralabouttheIsraeli-Palestinianconflict.作为记者，他采访了很多政府官员。Asajournalist,heinterviewedmanygovernmentofficials.IwillbeinterviewednextweekfortheChiefExecutive'sjob.[deriv.]intervieween.被接见者；被访问者Interviewern．会见者；记者Collocation:giveaninterviewtosb. 接见某人haveaninterviewwithsb. 会见某人jobinterview 工作面试depthinterview 对顾客需要的深入查询individualinterview 个别谈话panelinterview 专门小组会谈2