2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析

2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案解析SectionI

UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)=1\*GB3①Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.=2\*GB3②Anumberofstudieshave1

thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.=3\*GB3③Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually2

.=4\*GB3④Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.=5\*GB3⑤3

amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan4

ofgoodhealth.=1\*GB3①Ofevengreater5

isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.=2\*GB3②Itisoftendefined6

bodymassindex,orBMI.=3\*GB3③BMI7

bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.=4\*GB3④AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.=5\*GB3⑤Between25and30isoverweight.=6\*GB3⑥Andover30isconsideredobese.=7\*GB3⑦Obesity,8

,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.=1\*GB3①Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9

,theyarenot.=2\*GB3②Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.=3\*GB3③SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10

otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11

.=4\*GB3④Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12

asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.=5\*GB3⑤Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13

BMI.=1\*GB3①Todaywehavea(an)14

tolabelobesityasadisgrace.=2\*GB3②Theoverweightaresometimes15

inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.=3\*GB3③Stereotypes16

withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.=4\*GB3④Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese.=5\*GB3⑤17

veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.=1\*GB3①Negativeattitudestowardobesity,18

inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity19

.=2\*GB3②Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.=3\*GB3③Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.=4\*GB3④MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign20

childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.1.[A]denied [B]conduced [C]doubled [D]ensured2.[A]protective [B]dangerous [C]sufficient [D]troublesome3.[A]Instead [B]However [C]Likewise [D]Therefore4.[A]indicator [B]objective [C]origin [D]example5.[A]impact [B]relevance [C]assistance [D]concern6.[A]intermsof [B]incaseof [C]infavorof [D]inof7.[A]measures [B]determines [C]equals [D]modifies8.[A]inessence [B]incontrast [C]inturn [D]inpart9.[A]complicated [B]conservative [C]variable [D]straightforward10.[A]so [B]unlike [C]since [D]unless11.[A]shape [B]spirit [C]balance [D]taste12.[A]start [B]qualify [C]retire [D]stay13.[A]strange [B]changeable [C]normal [D]constant14.[A]option [B]reason [C]opportunity [D]tendency15.[A]employed [B]pictured [C]imitated [D]monitored16.[A]compared [B]combined [C]settled [D]associated17.[A]Even [B]Still [C]Yet [D]Only18.[A]despised [B]corrected [C]ignored [D]grounded19.[A]discussions [B]businesses [C]policies [D]studies20.[A]for [B]against [C]with [D]withoutSectionII

ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1①Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?②ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacKenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.③Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfilment,shecoulddoworsethanread“HappyMoney”byElizabethDunnandMichaelNorton.①Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehaviouralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.②Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.③Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquickly.④Whatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.⑤Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDunnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.⑥Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime—asstoriesormemories—particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.①Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuck.”②Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).③Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.④ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald’srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib—amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.①Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfilment,nothunger.②Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.③Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.④Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.⑤Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.21.AccordingtoDunnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?[A]Abighouse.[B]Aspecialtour.[C]Astylishcar.[D]Arichmeal.22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis__________.[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23.McRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat__________.[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“HappyMoney”__________.[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto__________.[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2①AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.②Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoachievethis.③Socialpsychologistshaveamassedoceansofresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.①Werose-tintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.②Webecomedefensivewhencriticised,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem.③Westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.①PsychologistandbehaviouralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.②Ratherthanhavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycomparedwithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.③Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.④Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage—whichmostdid—theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.①Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.②Norwasthereanyevidencethatthosewhoself-enhancethemost(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.③Infact,thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem.④“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion,”saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.”⑤Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.①KnowingtheresultsofEpley’sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeoplehatephotographsofthemselvessoviscerally—ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.②Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyle.③It’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,saysCatalinaTomaofWisconsin-Madisonuniversity,buttheyportrayanidealisedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat__________.[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect[C]ourneedsforleadershipisunnatural[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s__________.[A]rapidwatching[B]consciouschoice[C]intuitiveresponse[D]automaticself-defencewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyorwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.①AtColumbiaUniversity,Dr.LinsyFarrisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.②Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.31.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat__________.[A]sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican[B]cryingmayoftenirritatepeopleorevenresultintragedy[C]cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople[D]onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed32.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears”(Line6,Para,1)referto?[A]Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.[B]Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.[C]Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.[D]Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.33.“Counterproductive”(Line7,Para.1)mostprobablymeans“_________”.[A]havingnoeffectatall[B]leadingtotension[C]producingdisastrousimpact[D]harmfultohealth34.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?[A]Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.[B]Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.[C]Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.[D]Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?[A]Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.[B]Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.[C]Emotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomecases.[D]Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.Text4①Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.②Housingisseldommentioned.①Whyisthat?②Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.③Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.④Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.⑤Itishardtojostleforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.=6\*GB3⑥Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.①Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.②Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.①Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.②Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.①Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.②Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.③Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.①Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.①Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.②Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5billionprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2023,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.③TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifitreturnstopower.④Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.⑤Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.Whilethegovernment'scommitmenttolong-termfundingmayhavechanged,theverypressingneedformoreaffordablehousingisrealandisnotgoingaway.36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector__________.[A]hasattractedmuchattention[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas__________.[A]increaseditshomesupply[B]offeredspendingopportunities[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases[D]disappointedthegovernment38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay__________.[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould__________.[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2023,thegovernmentmay__________.[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsectorPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.(10points)UncommonGround—LandArtinBritain=1\*GB3①ThetermLandArtbringstomindepicinterventionsinthelandsuchasRobertSmithson’sSpiralJetty,6,500tonsofbasalt,earthandsaltprojectingintoUtah’sGreatSaltLake,orRodenCrater,anextinctvolcanoinArizona,whichJamesTurrellhasbeentransformingintoanimmensenaked-eyeobservatorysince1979.=1\*GB3①RichardLong’sALineMadeByWalking,however,involvednothingmorestrenuousthana20-minutetrainridefromWaterloo.=2\*GB3②Havinggotoffsomewhereinsuburbia,theartistwalkedbackwardsandforwardsoverapieceofgrassuntilthesquashedturfformedaline,akindofdrawingontheland.=1\*GB3①EmerginginthelateSixtiesandreachingapeakintheSeventies,LandArtwasoneofarangeofnewforms,includingBodyArt,PerformanceArt,ActionArtandInstallationArt,whichpushedartbeyondthetraditionalconfinesofthestudioandgallery.=2\*GB3②Ratherthanportrayinglandscape,landartistsusedthephysicalsubstanceofthelanditselfastheirmedium.=1\*GB3①ThemessageofthissurveyofBritishlandart—themostcomprehensivetodate—isthattheBritishvariant,typifiedbyLong’spiece,wasnotonlymoredomesticallyscaled,butalotquirkierthanitsAmericancounterpart.=2\*GB3②Indeed,whileyoumightassumethatanexhibitionofLandArtwouldconsistonlyofrecordsofworksratherthantheworksthemselves,Long’sphotographofhisworkisthework.=3\*GB3③Sincehis“action”isinthepastthephotographisitssoleembodiment.=1\*GB3①Thatmightseemratheranobscurepoint,butitsetsthetoneforanexhibitionthatcontainsalotofblack-and-whitephotographsandrelativelyfewnaturalobjects.=1\*GB3①LongisBritain’sbest-knownLandArtistandhisStoneCircle,aperfectringofpurplishrocksfromPortisheadbeachlaidoutonthegalleryfloor,representstheelegant,rarefiedsideoftheform.=2\*GB3②TheBoyleFamily,ontheotherhand,standforitsdirty,urbanaspect.=3\*GB3③ComprisingartistsMarkBoyleandJoanHillsandtheirchildren,theyrecreatedrandomsectionsoftheBritishlandscapeongallerywalls.=4\*GB3④TheirOlafStreetStudy,asquareofbrick-strewnwasteground,isoneofthefewworksheretoembracethemundanitythatcharacterisesmostofourexperienceofthelandscapemostofthetime.=1\*GB3①Parksfeature,particularlyintheearlierworks,suchasJohnHilliard’sveryfunnyAcrossthePark,inwhichalong-hairedstrollerisvariouslysmiledatbyaprettygirlandunwittinglyassaultedinasequenceofimagesthatturnouttobedifferentpartsofthesamephotograph.=1\*GB3①GenerallyhoweverBritishlandartistspreferredtogetawayfromtowns,gravitatingtowardslandscapesthataretraditionallyconsideredbeautifulsuchastheLakeDistrictortheWiltshireDowns.=2\*GB3②Whileitprobablywasn’tapparentatthetime,muchofthisworkispermeatedbyaspiritofromanticescapismthatthelikesofWordsworthwouldhavereadilyunderstood.=3\*GB3③DerekJarman’syellow-tintedfilmTowardsAvebury,acollectionoflong,mostlystillshotsoftheWiltshirelandscape,evokesatraditionofEnglishlandscapepaintingstretchingfromSamuelPalmertoPaulNash.=1\*GB3①InthecaseofHamishFulton,youcan’thelpfeelingthattheScottishartisthassimplyfoundawayofmakinghisloveofwalkingpay.=2\*GB3②Atypicalwork,suchasSevenDays,consistsofasinglebeautifulblack-and-whitephotographtakenonanepicwalk,withthemileageandnumberofdaystakenlistedbeneath.=3\*GB3③BritishLandArtasshowninthiswellselected,butrelativelymodestlyscaledexhibitionwasn’taboutimposingonthelandscape,moreakindoflandscape-orientatedlightconceptualartcreatedpassingthrough.=4\*GB3④Ithaditsoriginsinthegreatoutdoors,buttheresultswereasgallery-boundasthepaintingsofTurnerandConstable.41.StoneCircle42.OlafStreetStudy43.AcrossthePark44.TowardsAvebury45.Sevendays[A]originatesfromalongwalkthattheartisttook[B]illustratesakindoflandscape-orientatedlightconceptualart[C]remindspeopleoftheEnglishlandscapepaintingtradition[D]representstheeleganceoftheBritishlandart[E]depictstheordinarysideoftheBritishlandart[F]embodiesaromanticescapeintotheScottishoutdoors[G]containsimagesfromdifferentpartsofthesamephotographSectionIII

Translation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasbeingendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffull.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsecheerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.“Healthyoptimismmeansbeingintouchwithreality,”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor.AccordingtoBen-Shahar,realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shaharusesthreeoptimisticexercises.Whenhefeelsdown—say,aftergivingabadlecture—hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction.Heanalyzestheweaklecture,learninglessonsforthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.SectionIV

WritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.Writehimanemailto1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

答案及解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[试题考点]语义关系+动词辨析。[解题思路]空格处意思为“一系列的研究已经______，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人”。结合常识，研究一般是要得出一定结论的，因此四个选项中B项合乎题意。conclude表示“下结论，总结”，conclude后可跟that从句作宾语，表明结论的具体内容。[干扰排除]A选项denied（否认）与文章想表达的含义相反了，这里说研究就是要得出一个结论，开头部分没有任何线索表示要进行否定。C选项doubled（翻倍）与题意无关，而且doublethat+从句的用法闻所未闻，是不可以这么用的。D选项ensured（确保）也不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论，没有语句证明这些研究保证了什么。2.[试题考点]语境把握+形容词辨析。[解题思路]空格处意思为“对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有______”。结合上下文，研究的结论表明超重能减少罹患疾病的风险。此处又用的是and表连接，说明后面是进一步说明超重具有一定的益处。该句后面的例子形象地阐述了空格处的形容词的意思：“那么体重更高的女人比体重轻的女人更不容易缺钙”，这个例子说明超重是有好处的，对人体具有一定的保护作用，所以选项中protective符合题意，故选项A为正确答案。[干扰排除]B选项dangerous表示“危险的”，和文章意思相反，后面的例子说的是好处而非坏处。C选项sufficient表示“充足的”，不符合语境，故不选。D选项troublesome表示“有麻烦的”，后面的例子是说好处，不是麻烦，与文章意思不符，故排除。3.[试题考点]语义关系。[解题思路]结合前文，研究表明一定程度上超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，具有一定的保护作用。紧接着用forexample引出例子，说明较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。接着写到“在老年人中，一定程度上超重______”。可以看到前后都在举例证明超重带来的益处，所以应填入表明和前半句相顺接的词语。likewise表示“同样地，也，而且”，故选项C为正确答案。[干扰排除]A选项instead表示相反对比的关系，不符合语义关系。B选项however表转折，和A选项一样表示相反的关系，也不符合要求。D选项therefore表示“因此”，是因果关系，此处考查的不是因果关系，是顺接关系。4.[试题考点]文章结构+连词辨析。[解题思路]结合上下文，一定程度的肥胖可减少患疾病的危险，具备一定的保护作用。此处是举例说明，“对于年老的女性同样可以认为一定程度的肥胖是健康的______”。此处需要填入一个表示象征或者是显示的名词。indicator意思为“指标，指示”，符合语境。indicatorofsth意为“……的象征”，就是说超重是健康的一种象征，完全符合文章的表述。第一段一直讲超重的好处，那么顺承下来的意思必然是健康的象征，故选项A为正确答案。[干扰排除]B选项objective表示“客观”或“目标”，表示“目标”时，代入文中，意思为“健康的目标”，不符合语境。C选项origin表示“来源”，这一段的意思并没有说到健康的起源，所以逻辑不通。D选项example表示“例子”。结合上下文，研究表明一定范围的超重代表了健康，对于年老女性而言超重是健康的指标，而不是目标、来源或者是例子，所以以上三项都可排除。5.[试题考点]语义关系+名词辨析。[解题思路]上一段说明从某种角度来讲肥胖是有益的。本段开始就谈到“很难定义肥胖”这一问题。本题空格所在句是一个倒装句，其正常顺序为“thefactthat…isofevengreat_____”，也就是说，“肥胖很难定义甚至更加_____”。结合上下文这里应该指引人关注，选项中表示这一意思的为concern，符合语境，故选项D为正确答案。“of+名词”这种结构相当于该名词的形容词，如ofsignificance等于significant，这一结构常位于系动词be之后作表语。而且，of和名词之间可以加上某些形容词表达更加强烈的感情，比如强调，此处ofgreaterconcern中great用了比较级是因为前文出现了关心的问题，这里表明“更加令人关注的是……”。[干扰排除]A选项impact表示“影响”，前文没有提到过肥胖的不好影响，当然不能够说更加影响这样的说法。B选项relevance表示“相关性”，前文没有提到相关性的问题，不应该出现更加相关这样的说法。C选项assistance表示“辅助”，代入文中，意思为“肥胖难以定义甚至有更大的辅助”，不符合语境。6.[试题考点]语境理解+短语辨析。[解题思路]句①说到，我们很难定义肥胖。此处“Itisoftendefined_____bodymassindex”的字面意思为“它（肥胖）被定义_____体重指数”，空格后面的bodymassindex是一个标准或参考，显然肥胖是依据此定义的。所以空格应填入表示“根据，依据，按照”意义的选项，由此可发现符合条件的为intermsof，故选项A为正确答案。[干扰排除]B选项incaseof表示“在某种情况下”，空格后是bodymassindex，“在这些指标的情况下”不合文意。C选项infavorof表示“赞成”，下定义是客观的，不能够根据喜好来定义。D选项inrespectof表示“鉴于……”，貌似有点道理，但是和intermsof一比较就显得牵强，也不地道。7.[试题考点]语义理解+动词辨析。[解题思路]句①、②说到，对于肥胖可能很难有一个明确的定义，一般以体重指数（BMI）为依据定义。本句意思为“BMI_____体重除以身高的平方”，很明显解释什么是BMI。联想我们的数学公式，用equal表示“等于”，由此可判断选项C为正确答案。[干扰排除]A选项measures表示“测量”，BMI并不是用来测量重量的方法或者公式，不符合文意。B选项determines表示“确定，决定”，BMI不是用来确定重量的，它本身就是重量的一种表达方式。D选项modifies表示“修改”，前文没有说到任何事情可以证明BMI可以修改重量，这种说法本身就不符合常识。8.[试题考点]句意理解+介词短语辨析。[解题思路]上文说到，肥胖以体重指数（BMI）为依据定义，且BMI是体重除以身高的平方。既然肥胖已被定义，那么肥胖也会有等级划分的。空格之后的moderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese就说明了这种等级：中度、重度和极度肥胖。可以看出这种划分是按照前文句④、⑤、⑥所描述的肥胖程度进行操作的，因此空格中最合适的选项为urn表示“依次，分别”，表明了与前文的对应，符合语境，故选项C为正确答案。[干扰排除]A选项inessence表示“事实上，实际上”，虽然语法上面没有错误，但是这个词用在这里没有任何意义，和前文没有联系。B选项incontrast表示“相反地”，本句是在对应着前文几个肥胖程度的描述进行一一归类的，没有表达相反的意思。D选项inpart表示“部分地”，不符合原文，没有语句表明这个分类只是部分而不是全部。9.[试题考点]语义关系+形容词辨析。[解题思路]上文说到，肥胖可以由一个公式简明地表示出来，并且根据值的大小分为不同的等级。本句用While表示“尽管……”，有一种让步的含义，说明实际情况与While句所述内容并不相同。本句句意为“这样的数字标准尽管看起来_____，但实际上并非如此”，由上下文可判断出，空格处应填入表示“直截了当的，很清楚的，很明白的”的词语，选项中straightforward符合这一条件，故选项D为正确答案。[干扰排除]A选项complicated表示“复杂的”，这里的数字标准指的就是体重指数，并分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以complicated不符合文意。B选项conservative表示“保守的”，这里与保守无关。C选项variable表示“变化的”，这些数字标准是经过大量研究制定出来的，不可能是变化的，因此也不符合题意。10.[试题考点]语义关系+连词辨析。[解题思路]空格所在句③意思为：“一些人BMI值很高，实际上身材正好，_____其他BMI值较低的人可能11较差。”显然前后是对比的关系，选项中只有while表示“然而”，经常用来连接句子或者短语表达前后对比，故选项B为正确答案。[干扰排除]A选项so表示“所以”，这里连接的是两个并列的句子，没有因果关系。C选项since表示“因为”，但是句子后面不是前面的原因。D选项unless表示“除非……”，很明显这个也说不通，不符合逻辑。11.[试题考点]语义关系+名词辨析。[解题思路]由上一题可知，本句的两个分句形成对比。本句可简化为：Some...arefit,whileothers...maybeinpoor_____.前面fit表示体形保持很好，而“inpoor_____”意思应与“体形保持很好”相反，英语中shape表示“身材，体形”，ingoodshape或者inbadshape是很地道的说法，表明一个人身材的好坏，这里inpoorshape和前面的fit相对比，故选项A为正确答案。[干扰排除]B选项spirit表示“精神”，这里说的是身材，和精神无关。C选项balance表示“均衡”，inbalance这个词组语法没错，这里说的是身体好坏的事情也沾边，不过因为while连接的两个句子是对比关系，词上面也要对应起来，balance和fit可以说是一个意思，不能表达相反的意思。D选项taste表示“品味，口味”，这里在说健康不健康的问题，没有说到口味的问题。12.[试题考点]语义关系+动词辨析。[解题思路]句③说到，一些人BMI值很高，实际上身材正好，而其他BMI值较低的人却有可能体型肥胖。句④、⑤则提供一个例证来支持句③所述：许多大学和职业足球运动员_____是肥胖的，尽管他们相对而言脂肪很少。而与之相反，一个个子瘦小而脂肪很高的人却可能有13BMI值。不难看出，句④、⑤分别与句③前后两个分句相对应。也就是说，这些大学和职业足球运动员虽然脂肪很少，但他们的BMI值却很高，即他们被认为是肥胖的。由此可知，空格词的意思是“认为”或“符合”，选项中符合要求的是qualify。qualify表示“有资格，被认为……”，文中通过足球运动员的例子说明虽然有些球员脂肪很少，但是他们却被列入了肥胖行列，故选项B为正确答案。[干扰排除]A选项表示“开始”，这些球员不是作为肥胖者开始的，他们是运动员，只是被认为是肥胖的。C选项表示“退休”，与内容无关，文章从始至终都没有提到运动员退休的事情，只说了他们还在职位上的事情。D选项stay表示处于一种状态，球员们不能够一直是肥胖状态，他们被人列为肥胖者，而不是作为胖子生活着，两种表达含义不同。13.[试题考点]语义关系+形容词辨析。[解题思路]由上一题可知，句⑤与句③后一分句相对应。本句意思为“一个个子瘦小而脂肪很高的人却可能BMI值”，句③后一分句的意思为“其他BMI值较低的人却有可能体型肥胖”，由此可判断空格词的意思为“较低”或“不高”，观察四个选项