2020年高三英语第一次模拟考试试题

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A

Doyouknowthetoysbelow?Theywereonceamongthemostpopulartoys.

1960EtchASketch

FrenchelectricianAndreCassagneshadtheideaofadrawingtoywithajoystick,aglassscreen,andaluminum()powder.Usingthatidea,theOhioArtCo.launched()theMagicScreenin1960,andyoucoulderasethepicturewithashakeofyourhands.Youcanstillfindthetoytoday.

1964SuperBall

Whathappenswhenyouaccidentallycreateaplasticballthatjumps?Thetoycompany,Wham-OInc.,buysyourideaanditendsupsellingmillions.ThatesxactlywhathappenedtoNormanStingley,achemicalengineerwhocameuponSuperBall.Atonetime,Wham-Ohadtoproduceover170,000ballsadaytokeepupwiththedemand.Unbelievably,theNationalFootballGamenamedtheSuperBowlgame(awell-knownAmericanfootballgame)afterthisjumpingball.1964G.I.Joe

In1964,HasbrotoycompanycreatedG.I.Joe,alineofactionfiguresdesignedtorepresentthe4branchesoftheUSArmedForcesActionSoldier(Army),ActionSailor(Navy),ActionPilot(AirForce),andtheActionMarine(MarineCorps).G.I.Joewasimaginedasanexcellentmilitaryunitdevotedtodefendingcitizensfreedomagainsttheevilpersons.Ithasattractedtheimaginationofboysaroundtheworld.

1965Operation

Anunsteadyhandisyourdownfall()inthegameofOperation,whichwasinventedbyJohnSpinello,astudentattheUniversityofIllinois.Later,Spinellosoldhisrighttothetoytoawell-knowntoydesignerMarvinGlassforasumof$500.OperationiscurrentlymadebyHasbro,withestimatedsalesof$40million.

1.Whichtoyhasarelationshipwiththesportsevent?

A.EtchASketch.B.SuperBall.

C.G.I.Joe.D.Operation.

2.WhoprobablyaremostinterestedinG.I.Joe?

Thosefondofarts.

Thosefondofconstruction.

Thosefondofbravesoldiers.

Thosefondofkinddoctors.

3.IfyouwanttoplaywithOperationsuccessfully,youshould_________.

keepyourhandstable

havebetterteamwork

getNormanStingleysguidance

haveajoystickandaglassscreen

B

Attentionmanagers:thenexttimeyouneedtoinspireyourteamcreatively,bemoreattentivetoyouremployeesfeelingswhenyoudelivernegativefeedba）.

KimwhoworkedasasoftwareengineerforSamsungaftergraduationfromcollege,isfamiliarwithhavinghiscreativeworkpickedapart.IpersonallyhatehearingnegativefeedbackasmostpeopledoandIwonderedifitreallyimprovedmyperformance,particularlywhenitcametocompletingcreativetasks.

Intwostudies,Kimfoundthatnegativefeedbackcanhelporprevent

creativity.Whatismostimportantiswherethecriticism（）comesfrom.

Whencreativeprofessionalsorparticipantsreceivedcriticismfromabossorapeer,theytendedtobelesscreativeintheirlaterwork.Interestingly,ifapersonreceivednegativefeedbackfromanemployeeoflowerrank,theybecamemorecreative.

Itmakessensethatemployeesmightfeelthreatenedbycriticismfromtheirmanagers.Supervisors（

havealotofpowerindecidingpromotionsorpayraises.Sonegativefeedbackfromabossmiitcausecareer（）anxiety.Italsostandstoreasonthatfeedbackfromaco-workermightalsobereceivedasthreatening.Weoftencompetewithourpeersforthesamepromotionsandchances.

WhatKimfoundmostsurprisingwashowcriticismprovedtoimprovesupervisorsthroughlessonslearnedfromnegativefeedbackthatcamefromtheirfollowers（employeesthattheymanage）.

ButwetendtobelieveweshouldnctriticizethebosssaysKim.Inrealitymostsupervisorsdontdetestnegativefeedbacksincetheywanttolearnfromit.Anotherreasonisthattheyareinanaturalpowerpositionandcandealwiththediscomfortofnegativefeedbackbetter.

Asforgivingsuggestionstoemployeesbossesshouldpointoutafollowerspoorperformanceor

weakpointsintime.Buttheyshouldkeeptheirfeedbackspecifictotasks.Explainhowthepointtheyrdeiscussingrelatestoonlytheirtaskbehavior,nottoaspectsoftheperson.Meanwhile,feedbackreceiversneedtoworrylesswhenitcomestoreceivingcriticism.

4.WhatsthemotivationbehindKimsstudy?

Toworkonhisessaysforgraduation.

Tohaveabetterknowledgeofcriticism.

Tocallforunderstandingbetweenworkers.

Toencourageacultureofcriticismintheworkplace.

5.WhatsthemainideaofParagraph4?

Whattypicalpowersupervisorspossess.

Whatfeedbackcancausecareeranxieties.

Howworkerscanhaveagoodimpressiononbosses.

Whycertaincriticismharmsapersonsperformance.

6.WhatamazedKimmostlyinthestudy?

Somepeopleenjoynegativefeedback.

Employeesarebravetocriticizetheboss.

CFollowerscriticismmaybenefitmanagers.

D.Manybossessometimesstruggleintheirwork.

7.WhatdoestheunderlinedworddetestinParagraph6mostprobablymean?

A.Hate.B.Understand.C.Discuss.D.Provide.

C

Recentlyaccordingtoanewresearchhumanshavehadalinktostarches（）forup

to120,000yearsthatsmorethan100,000yearslongerthanwevebeenabletoplantthemin

thesoilduringthetimeoftheIceAgesdrawingtoanend.Theresearchispartofanongoing

studyintothehistoryofMiddleStoneAgecommunities.

AninternationalteamofscientistsidentifiedevidenceofprehistoricstarchconsumptionintheKlasiesRiverCave,in

present-daySouthAfrica.Analyzingsmall,ashy,undisturbedhearths（

insidethecave,there-searchersfound

piecesofburnedstarchesrangingfromaround120,000to65,000yearsold.Itmadethemtheoldestknownexamplesofstarcheseatenbyhumans.Thefindingsdonotcomeasacompletesurprisebutratheraswelcomeconfirmationofoldertheoriesthatlackedtherelatedevidence.TheleadauthorCynthiaLarbeysaidthattherehadpreviouslyonlybeengenetic（）biologicalevidencetosuggestthathumanshadbeeneatingstarchforthislong.Thisnewevidence,however,takesusdirectlytothedinnertable,andsupportsthepreviousassumptionthathumansdigestiongenesgraduallyevolvedinordertofitintoanincreaseddigestionofstarch.

Co-authorSarahWurzsaid,ThestarchremainsshowthattheseearlyhumanslivingintheKlasiesRiverCavecouldbattleagainsttheirtoughenvironmentandfindsuitablefoodsandperhapsmedicines.Andasmuchasweallstilldesirethe

tubers（

thesecavecommunitiesweregrillingstarchessuchaspotatoesontheirfoot-longhearths.Theyknew

howtobalancetheirdietsaswellastheycould,withfatsfromlocalfishandotheranimals.

Asearlyasthe1990s,someresearchersstartedtostudythehearthsintheKlasiesRiverCave.ScientistHilaryDeaconfirstsuggestedthatthesehearthscontainedburnedplants.Atthetime,thepropermethodsofexaminingtheremainswerenotyetavailable.Wenowknowhumanbeingshavealwaysbeensearchingfortheirdesiredthings.

8.Whendidhumansbegintofarmstarches?

AftertheIceAge.

AftertheMiddleStoneAge.

About20,000yearsago.

About100,000yearsago.

9.Accordingtothescientists,remainsintheKlasiesRiverCaveshowthat

SouthAfricaoncehadrichsoiltogrowcrops

hearthswerewidespreadinearlyhumanhistory

earlyhumanspossiblydroveawayanimalsbyfire

settlerstheremighthaveusedfiretocookstarches

10.Whatwasthepreviousassumptionofstarches?

Starchdietpromotedfoodculture.

Starchdietshapedhumansevolution.

Starcheshadavarietyoffunctions.

Starchesofferedhumansrichnutrition.

11.WhatcanwelearnabouttheearlyhumansdescribedbySarahWurz?

Theyweresmartandtough.

Theypreferredplantstomeat.

Theyweregenerallyveryhealthy.

Theygotalongwitheachother.

veryoneknowsthattohelplessentheongoingclimatecrisis,weneedtoplantnewtrees.ApaperrecentlypublishedinSciencepredictsthatourEarthcouldsupportanadditional9,000,000sqkmofforest,potentiallyhosting500billiontreesthatareabletoabsorbmorethan200billiontonnes

ofCO2.Itwouldbeaserioushelp.

TheEarthslandis149,000,000sqkm.Accordingtoourstudy,whenwetakeoutglacierSI）anddeserts,weareleftwith104,000,000sqkm.Whenwefurthertakeoutcities,freshwater,forests,etc.,wefinallyget51,000,000sqkmofarable

（

landbadlyneededtofeed7.5billionhumanbeings.

Veryfewpeopleareawareofthegreatcomplexityofthewholesystem.Widespreaduseatthescaleofmillionsofsquare

kilometersgloballyoftree-plantingandbioenergycrops（

planting,readsanIPCCreport,

ucouldhavepotentiallybadconsequencesforfoodsecurityandlanddegradation（）.Inotherwords,morewidespreadmonoculture（）andmorebioenergycropscoulddegradesoil.

Bioenergynowhasa50percentshareoftheworldsrenewableenergyconsumption,accordingtoexpertFatihBirolswasormdsu:chaswind,solarandallotherscombined.Itsgoodnewbust

notentirely.Onereasonisthatrisingoceanlevelsanddesertsspreadingaretakingawaymorearableland.Sowearriveatatoughchoice.Shouldweuseoursparesoilforagriculture,reforestationorbioenergy?

Firstly,whenplanningtouselotsofsparelandtogrowtrees,weshouldnoticethatlastyear,

36,000sqkmofforestwascutdown.Sowouldntitbebettertostartbystoppingcuttingdown

forestsaltogether?Besides,animalfarmingtakesup77percentoftheworldsarablelandandprovidesuswith18percentofthecalories.Shouldntwegloballycutbackonmeatconsumption?Lastly,modembioenergy,whichismadefromnon-food-crops,isalreadyavailable.Shouldntweavoidfirst-generationbiofuelswhichareobtainedfromfoodcrops?

12.WhatdoestheSciencepaperpredict?

Peoplewillbemoreactiveinplantingtrees.

Theclimatechangewilllesseninthefuture.

LargequantitiesoftreescanhelphandleC02.

Treeswillplayamuchbiggerroleinourdailylife.

13.WhatarethefiguresinParagraph2mainlyintendedtoshow?

Humansfaceafreshwatercrisis.

TheEarthslandhasvariousfunctions.

ForeststakeupasmallpartoftheEarthsland.

Thearablelandishardtofeedtheworldspopulation.

14.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheIPCCreport?

Plantingtreesbenefitsbioenergycrops.

Morelandcanbeusedforgrowingbioenergycrops.

Theconditionofplentyoflandhasbeenimproved.

Largescaleoftree-plantingmaybeadouble-edgedsword.

15.Whatsthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

Howtoproperlyuseoursparesoil.

Howtoproducemoretreesandbiofuels.

Whytoprotectourenvironment.

Whattoknowaboutourroleinnature.

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Socialpsychology'srootswerelaidinthelate1800sofEurope.Socialpsychologybecameadistinetdisciplineinthe1920s.

Hewascalledthefatherofthediscipline.

Socialpsychologystudiespeoplealtitudes,beliefs,andbehaviors.Italsoexaminesinterpersonalinteraction,analyzingthewayinwhichsomeoneinteractswithotherpeople.Italsoexaminesculturalinfluenceslikeadvertisements,books,films,television,andradio.

Socialpsychologistsliketouseempirical（

methodstoconductstudiesintheir

fields.Thesemethodsofteninvolveexperimentswhichcanbringupcomplexethical（）problems.OneofthemostinfamoussocialpsychologyexperimentswastheStanfordPrisonExperiment.1_8_Toavoidarepeatofsuchquestionableexperiments,socialpsychologistsrelyontheeffortsofethicscommitteestoensurethattheirworkisethicallyallowable.

Thestudyofsocialpsychologyissignificant.Itcanexplainhowgroupsmakedecisions,whichsocialconditionscanleadtoimproperbehavior,etc.Andsocialpsychologistsareconstantlylearningmoreaboutthescieneebehindhumaninteractions.1_9_

Ifyouwanttolearnmoreaboutthisfieldofpsychology,youmaybeabletotakeanintroductorycourseatalocalcollegeinyourarea.20_Oneeyoustartstudyingthediscipline,trytobedevotedtoit!

Oryoumaygivelecturesonthisfield.

Socialpsychologydealswithawiderangeofareas.

Itwasshutdownatlastbecauseitgotoutofcontrol.

OneofthemajorinfluencesinthefieldwasKurtLewin.

Sosocialpsychologyisadisciplinethatsbeneficialtohumans.

Zimbardoisalsoaveryfamoussocialpsychologistintheworld.

Youcanalsoconsultyourlibraryforsomepublishedtextsonthesubject.

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BrandonSteinercreatedthebagel（）businessattheageof12.21,thebusinesswasn

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He29asanincrediblysuccessfulentrepreneurwhorevolutionizedthesportsmemorabilia（

30,turningasmallfirmwith$4,000,acomputerandaworkerintoSteinerSports,helping

othersmallrelatedcompaniesto31theirbusiness.SteinerSportshasspent25yearsbuildinga32_withmorethan2,000athletes.SteinerSportsisalsothe33_producerofcollectibles（）fromathleticstarslikeDerekJeterandPeytonManning.Steinerhas34_countlessbaseballsandfootballhelmets,andsignedsportsshirts.

Asonemightguess,therearealotofstories35_toSteiner.HesoldhisSteinerSportstoOmnicomGroupforareported$25million.36_sellingit,Steinerstilloffersadvicetohelprunthecompanythatwas37.byhimself.Hehasalsowrittensomebooksonhis38.ThekidfromBrooklyn,who

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Haven'tyoualwayswonderedwhythebeginningandtheendofthepresentschoolyeardon

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Farmingcanonlybedoneinspring,summer,andfall.Familiesneededkids5help,sotheirschoolingtookplaceinthecoldermonths(43)________nothingcouldbeplantedorharvested.Thuskidscouldhelpwithfarmdutiesduringbusyseasons.

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(49)_________(short)afterMassachusettsenactedthelaw,acompromise(50)______________

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DearChris,

Idlikeyoutoattendmycousinswedding,whereyoucanhaveagoodexperieneeofChineseweddingculture.TheweddingistobeheldinYingchunHotelonMay5.Inthemorning,wellfirstgotopickupthebrideatherhome.Atabouttwelveoclock,thetraditionalweddingceremonywillbeheldinthegroomshome.Aftertheceremony,itwillbethe

weddingfeast,duringwhichweshouldavoidbreakinganybowlorplatesincethebrokenbowlorplateisconsideredtolikely

predictanunhappymarriage.Asfortheclothes,wedbetternotwearblackones.Ifyouwanttolearnmoreabouttheweddi

ng,pleasecontactme.

Yours,LiHua

A

B1964SuperBalltheNFLnamedtheSuperBowlgame(a...game)afterthisjumping