2019年英语新译林必修四（江苏专用）讲义Unit2SectionⅤProject

Section_ⅤProject[原文呈现][读文清障]HowdoesasportentertheOlympics?EnteringasportintotheOlympics①canbealongprocess.Therearemanyrequirementsthatmustbemet②beforeasportcanbeconsideredbytheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC).First,asportmusthaveitsowninternationalassociation.Next,itmustbepractisedbymeninatleast75countriesonatleastfourcontinents③，orpractisedbywomeninatleast40countriesandonthreecontinents.That'snotall.Inorderforanewsportto④beadded,anothersportmustbedropped⑤.ThishelpstheIOCkeeptheOlympics'budget⑥undercontrol⑦.Whichonesareout?SomesportsthatwerepartoftheOlympicsinthepasthavebeenremoved⑧.Theseincludefamiliarsports,suchasbaseball,aswellasmoreunusual⑨sports,suchaspowerboating⑩.Thesesportswerejudgedtohavebecomelesspopular,andhadtomakewayfor⑪newsportswhicharemorepopular⑫.①动名词短语enteringasportintotheOlympics作主语。②定语从句thatmustbemet修饰requirements。③continent/'kɒntInənt/n.洲，大陆④inorderto为了……，目的是……⑤drop此处指“剔除，把……除名”。如：Hisnamewasdroppedfromthelist.⑥budget/'bʌdʒIt/n.预算vi.&vt.编制预算⑦keep...undercontrol使……得到了控制，控制⑧remove/rI'muːv/vt.去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)⑨unusual/ʌn'juːʒʊəl/adj.特别的，不寻常的；与众不同的⑩power/'paʊə(r)/n.力量；能量；影响力；权力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力powerboatingn．(运动项目)汽艇，摩托艇⑪makewayfor给……让路，让位于⑫whicharemorepopular是which引导的定语从句，修饰newsports。运动项目怎样才能进入奥运会？奥运会补充一个运动项目是一个漫长的过程。一个运动项目在纳入国际奥委会IOC的考虑范围之前需要满足很多方面的要求。首先，该运动项目必须有自己的国际联合会。其次，必须有至少4个大洲不少于75个国家的男子从事该项运动，或3个大洲不少于40个国家的女子从事该项运动。还不止这些。要增补一个新的运动项目，就必须淘汰一个当前的运动项目。这有助于国际奥委会对奥运会的预算进行控制。哪些运动项目被淘汰了？,有些在过去是奥运会比赛内容的运动项目已经被淘汰了。这些被淘汰的项目既包括棒球等一些大家所熟悉的项目，又有像汽艇等一些不那么常见的项目。这些运动项目被认为不及以前流行了，必须让位于新的、更为流行的运动项目。Whichonesarein?Somesportshavebeenadded,suchastaekwondo⑬，whichwasfirstincludedintheOlympicsin2000.TheIOCisplanningtochangesomeofthesportsinthenextfewyears.In2016,rugby⑭andgolf⑮，whichwereearlierplayedattheOlympicsandthendropped⑯，willbeincludedagain,astheyarenowverypopularandareplayedallaroundtheworld⑰.Whichonesarestilltrying?WushuisstillapplyingtogetintotheOlympics.TheIOChasstillnotapproved⑱thesportdueto⑲theconcernaboutthebalanceofsports—therearealreadymanyothersportsintheOlympicsthatareconnectedwithfighting⑳，suchastaekwondoandboxing.However,theIOCisconsideringchangingthenumberandtypeofOlympicsportsinthefuture,sowushufansmayfinallygetwhattheyarehopingforeq\o(○,\s\up1(21)).⑬taekwondo/ˌtaIˌkwɒn'dəʊ/n.跆拳道⑭rugby/'rʌɡbI/n.橄榄球运动⑮golf/ɡɒlf/n.高尔夫球运动⑯whichwereearlierplayed...是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰rugbyandgolf。⑰astheyarenowverypopular...是as引导的原因状语从句。⑱approvev．批准，同意⑲dueto由于，因为becauseof由于，因为⑳定语从句thatareconnectedwithfighting修饰manyothersports。that在从句中作主语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))hopefor希望得到哪些运动项目入选进来了？有些运动项目得以增补进入奥运会，比如跆拳道在2000年才首次被列为奥运项目。国际奥委会正计划在未来苦干年内调整部分比赛项目。橄榄球和高尔夫曾经是奥运项目，后来被取消，但是2016年这两项运动将重返奥运，因为它们现在非常受欢迎，在世界各地都有人从事这两项运动。哪些运动项目仍在争取？中国武术仍在申请进入奥运会。由于担心比赛项目的平衡问题，国际奥委会还没有批准该项目——奥运会上已经有许多像跆拳道、拳击等与打斗有关的项目了。然而，国际奥委会正在考虑在将来改变奥运会运动项目的数量和类别，因此，武术迷们最终也许会如愿以偿。Winningisn'teverythingItwasneartheendofthefootballmatch,andneitherteamhadscored.ThecaptainoftheEagles①passedtheballtoateammate②，andthenrandownneartheKangaroos'③goal④.Histeammatepassedtheballbacktohim,buttheshot⑤wastoohigh.TheEagles'captainknockedtheballtothegroundwithhishand,andthenkickeditandscored.Thereferee⑥blewthewhistle⑦；thematchwasoverandtheEagleshadwon.Ofcourse,thegoalshouldnothavecounted⑧.However,nowitwastoolate.Later,areporter⑨askedtheEagles'captainwhathadhappened.‘Wewon,andthatisallthatmatters⑩，’thecaptainsaid.TheKangarooswereoutofthetournament,while⑪theEaglescontinuedon.However,withtherefereesnowkeepingaclosewatchontheEagles⑫，theystruggledandlosttheirnextmatch.Afterwards,theycomplainedthattherefereeshadbeenunfair⑬.①eagle/'iːɡl/n.雕②teammate/'tiːmmeIt/n.队友③kangaroo/ˌkæŋɡə'ruː/n.袋鼠④goal/ɡəʊl/n.球门；射门，进球得分；目标⑤shot/ʃɒt/n.射门，击球；射击；药物注射⑥referee/ˌrefə'riː/n.裁判；推荐人⑦whistle/'wIsl/n.哨子，口哨；呼啸，鸣叫vi.吹口哨，吹哨子；呼啸，鸣叫⑧shouldnothavecounted是“shouldnot＋have＋过去分词”结构，表示“本不应该……”。⑨reporter/rI'pɔːtə(r)/n.记者⑩定语从句thatmatters修饰all。由于先行词是all，所以引导词只能用that。⑪while而，表示对比。⑫withtherefereesnowkeeping...是with复合结构，作状语。⑬unfair/'ʌn'feə(r)/adj.不公正的，不公平的获胜不代表一切[第1～4段译文]足球比赛已接近尾声，双方都还没有得分。鹰队队长将球传给队友，然后跑向袋鼠队的球门。队友将球往回传，但传高了。鹰队队长用手将球挡到地上，然后射门，球进了。裁判的哨声响起，比赛结束，鹰队获得了胜利。当然，那个进球本该不算数的，然而，为时已晚。赛后，一名记者就比赛的事采访鹰队队长。队长回答道：“我们赢了，事情就是这样。”袋鼠队被淘汰出了联赛，而鹰队则得以继续。但是，裁判们现在密切注意鹰队，鹰队全力比拼却还是输了接下来的一场比赛。赛后，他们抱怨裁判不公平。TheEagleswenthome⑭angryandbitter⑮becausetheydidnotwinthetournament.Meanwhile⑯，theKangarooswenthomeandtrainedharderthanbefore.Inthenexttournament,theKangaroosdefeatedtheEaglesbyascoreof5to1.TheywentontothefinalmatchagainsttheBears.Thematchwastied⑰withminutestogo⑱.TheKangaroos'captainwasneartheBears'goal.Ateammatepassedtheballtohim,andbyaccident⑲ithithishand.TheKangaroos'captainstoppedthematchandlettheBearshavetheball.Withinminutes,theBearsscoredandwon.Later,areporteraskedtheKangaroos'captainwhathadhappened.‘Theywon，’thecaptainsaid.‘Theywerethebetterteam.’TheKangarooswenthomeproudthattheyhaddonetheirbest⑳.ManyoftheKangaroos'playersbecamefriendswiththeplayersontheBears'teamfortherestoftheirlives.Indefeat,theKangarooseq\o(○,\s\up1(21))foundsomethingmorepreciouseq\o(○,\s\up1(22))thanvictory—theyfoundfriendship,honourandrespect.⑭形容词短语angryandbitter作状语。⑮bitter/'bItə(r)/adj.愤愤不平的；令人不快的；味苦的；严寒的⑯meanwhile/'miːnwaIl/adv.与此同时；在此期间⑰tie/taI/vt.打成平局；(用绳、线)系，绑，捆⑱withminutestogo是with复合结构，动词不定式togo作宾语补足语。⑲byaccident偶然，意外地⑳形容词短语proudthat...在此作状语，说明主语的状态。thattheyhaddonetheirbest可视为形容词proud的宾语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))foundsomethingmoreprecious是“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))precious/'preʃəs/adj.宝贵的，珍贵的[第5～9段译文]鹰队在联赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平；与此同时，袋鼠队回家了，他们比以往训练得更加刻苦。下一届联赛上，袋鼠队以5∶1的比分战胜了鹰队，挺进决赛，与熊队对决。离比赛结束只剩几分钟的时候，还是平局。袋鼠队的队长在熊队的球门附近时，一个队友向他传球，无意中球碰在他的手上。袋鼠队队长停下比赛，让熊队发球。几分钟后，熊队射门得分，赢得了比赛。赛后，一名记者就比赛的事采访袋鼠队队长。,队长说：“他们赢了，他们是更优秀的球队”。,袋鼠队尽力了，他们自豪地返回家乡。在以后的日子里，袋鼠队的很多队员和熊队的队员成了朋友。在失败中，袋鼠队找到了比胜利更宝贵的东西——友谊、荣誉和尊重。Step1True(T)orFalse(F)．1．EnteringasportintotheOlympicscanbeashortprocess.()2．Inorderforanewsporttobeadded,manyothersportsmustbedropped.()3．BaseballwasoncepartoftheOlympicsinthepast.()4．TaekwondowasfirstincludedintheOlympicsinthe20thcentury.()5．WushucannotgetintotheOlympicsbecausetherearealreadymanyothersportsintheOlympicsthatareconnectedwithfightingnow.()答案：1.F2.F3.T4.T5.FStep2Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Fromthistextweknowthat________.A．fewrequirementsmustbemetbeforeasportgetsintotheOlympicsB．theInternationalOlympicCommitteehastheprivilegetocanceltheOlympicsC．enteringasportintotheOlympicsisnoteasyD．morementhanwomentakepartintheOlympicsnowadays2．AllofthefollowingmustbedonebeforeasportgetsintotheOlympicsEXCEPT________.A．asportmusthaveitsowninternationalassociationB．itmustbepractisedbymeninatleast75countriesonatleastfourcontinentsC．itmustbepractisedbywomeninatleast40countriesandonthreecontinentsD．itmustbelikedbyallthepeopleintheworld3．PowerboatingwasremovedfromtheOlympicsbecause________.A．noonelikeditanymoreB．onlywomenlikeditC．someoldmenwerestronglyagainstitD．ithadbecomelesspopular4．Fromthistextwecaninferthat________.A．wushuwillperhapsgetintotheOlympicsonedayB．thosewholikeboxingsurelylovewushuC．mostofthemembersintheInternationalOlympicCommitteedon'tlikeboxingD．onlyChinawantstomakewushugetintotheOlympics5．WhichstatementisWRONGaccordingtothetext“Winningisn'teverything”？A．TheEaglesconsideredwinningmostimportant.B．TheKangaroostrainedharderaftertheyweredefeatedbytheEagles.C．TheKangaroosconsideredfriendship,honourandrespectmorepreciousthanvictory.D．TheEagleswereangryandbitterwhentheyweredefeatedbytheKangaroos.答案：1～5CDDADStep3Fillineachblankwithonlyonewordaccordingtothetext.(一)OutlineDetailedinformationHowdoesasport1.entertheOlympics？●Havingitsowninternational2.association.●Beingpractisedbymeninno3.lessthan75countriesonatleastfourcontinents,orpractisedbywomeninatleast40countriesandonthreecontinents.●4.Dropping/RemovinganothersportsothattheOlympics'budgetcanbeundercontrol.Whichonesareout？Thesportslosing5.popularity,_suchasbaseballandpowerboating.Whichonesarein？●Thesportsbecomingverypopularandbeingplayed6.across/throughouttheworld.●In2016,rugbyandgolfwill7.getintotheOlympics.Whichonesarestilltrying？●WushuisstillapplyingtoentertheOlympics.●Sofarwushuhasnotbeen8.approvedbytheIOCduetotheconcernaboutthebalanceofsports.●Wushu9.fans/loversmayfinallygetwhattheyare10.expecting,_astheIOCisconsideringchangingthenumberandtypeofOlympicsportsinthefuture.(二)Winningisn'teverythingTheEagles●Whenneitherteamscoredneartheendofthefootballmatch,thecaptainoftheEaglesknockedtheballtothegroundwithhishand,andthenkickeditandscored,sotheEagles1.won.●Thegoalshouldn'thavecounted,buttheEagles'captainkeptitasa2.secret.●WiththerefereeswatchingtheEagles3.closely,_theEaglesstruggledandwere4.defeated/beatenintheirnextmatch.●Afterwards,theEaglescomplainedthattherefereeshadnotbeen5.fair.TheKangaroos●AftertheKangaroos6.lostthematch,theywenthomeandtrainedharderthanbefore.●TheKangaroosbeattheEaglesby5­1inthenext7.tournament●WhenthefinalmatchagainsttheBearswas8.tiedwithminutestogo,ateammatepassedtheballtotheKangaroos'captain,andtheballhithishandbyaccident.●TheKangaroos'captain9.stoppedthematchandlettheBearshavetheball.●TheBearsscoredandbeattheKangaroos.●TheKangaroosfoundmore10.preciousthingsthanvictory—theyfoundfriendship,honourandrespect.一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.budgetn．预算vi.&vt.编制预算2.removevt.移开；开除；去除；免除，解除(职务)3.teammaten.队友4.goaln.射门；球门；目标；进球得分5.shotn.击球，射门；药物注射；射击6.refereen.裁判；推荐人7.whistlen.哨子，口哨；鸣叫，呼啸vi.吹口哨；吹哨子；鸣叫，呼啸8.bitteradj.愤愤不平的；味苦的；严寒的；令人不快的9.meanwhileadv.与此同时；在此期间10.tievt.打成平局；绑，(用绳、线)系，捆11.preciousadj.宝贵的，珍贵的Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.unusualadj.特别的，不寻常的；与众不同的→usualadj.平常的，与以往一样的2.powern．力量；能力；影响力；统治；权力vt.驱动，提供动力→powerfuladj.强有力的3.unfairadj.不公平的，不公正的→fair(反义词)adj.公平的4.reportern．记者→reportv．报导1.teammaten．队友[联想]含­mate的名词①classmate同学②roommate室友③deskmate同桌④workmate同事2.goaln．球门；目标；射门；进球得分[词块]①achieve/reach/gainone'sgoal达到目标②scoreagoal进一球③haveagoal有目标④fightforagoal为目标而奋斗[近义]①aimn．目标②purposen．目的③targetn．目标④pointn．得分⑤scoren．得分3.refereen．裁判；推荐人[记法]refer(参考)＋ee(表示动作者)→裁判[联想]­ee结尾表人的名词①interviewee被采访者②trainee接受训练者③addressee收件人④employee雇员4.whistlen．哨子，口哨；鸣叫，呼啸vi.吹口哨，吹哨子；呼啸，鸣叫[词块]①giveawhistle吹口哨②blowawhistle鸣笛③policewhistle警笛④steamwhistle汽笛二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.atleast至少2.keep...undercontrol控制住，使……处于控制之下3.makewayfor给……让路，让位于……4.beconnectedwith与……有关5.hopefor希望，期待6.keepaclosewatchon密切注意7.byaccident偶然地8.deliveraspeech发表演讲1.meetmanyrequirements满足许多要求2.inthepast在过去3.inthenextfewyears在接下来的几年中4.changethenumberandtypeof...改变……的数量和种类5.trainharderthanbefore比以前训练更刻苦6.withminutestogo剩余的几分钟7.defeat...byascoreof5to1以5比1击败……8.friendship,honourandrespect友谊、荣誉和尊重三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.TherearemanyrequirementsthatmustbemetbeforeasportcanbeconsideredbytheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)．一个运动项目在纳入国际奥委会(IOC)的考虑范围之前需要满足很多方面的要求。before意为“……然后才……”。Ithinkyoushouldconsideritabitmorebefore_you_make_a_decision.依我看，你应该多考虑一下再做决定。2.However,withtherefereesnowkeepingaclosewatchontheEagles,theystruggledandlosttheirnextmatch.但是，裁判们现在密切注意鹰队，鹰队全力比拼却还是输了接下来的一场比赛。“with＋名词＋doing”为with复合结构。Thedayisbright,withafreshbreezeblowing.天气晴朗，吹着一股清风。3.TheEagleswenthomeangryandbitterbecausetheydidnotwinthetournament.鹰队在联赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。angryandbitter为形容词作状语。Necessary,_youngpeoplecanspeakgoodEnglish.年轻人会说流利的英语是必要的。1．(教材P38)ThishelpstheIOCkeeptheOlympics'budgetundercontrol.这有助于国际奥委会对奥运会的预算进行控制。keep...undercontrol控制住，使……处于控制之下bring/get...undercontrol＝keep...undercontrol使……处于控制之下undercontrol被控制住，处于控制之下incontrolof控制……；管理……beyondcontrol无法控制takecontrolof控制outofcontrol失去控制，无法控制losecontrolof失去对……的控制①Ittooktheteachermonthstokeeptheclassundercontrol.这位老师花了数月时间才控制住这个班。②Thechildrenarecompletelyout_of_controlsincetheirfatherleft.这些孩子自从他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。③Studentsareencouragedtotake_control_oftheirownlearning,ratherthanjustdependingontheteachers.学生们被鼓励要自我控制好自己的学习，而不是仅仅依赖于老师。[名师点津]control前有无冠词意思不同。incontrolof“管理，控制”；inthecontrolof“被……控制”。④Thepolicehavebeenin_control_ofthepresentsituation.＝Thepresentsituationhasbeenin_the_control_ofthepolice.警方已经控制了目前的局面。2．(教材P38)SomesportsthatwerepartoftheOlympicsinthepasthavebeenremoved.有些在过去是奥运会比赛内容的运动项目已经被淘汰了。removevt.去除，移开；开除，免除，解除(职务)(1)remove...to...把……移到……remove...from...从……把……移开，从……把……除去removeoneself走开beremovedfrom从……被去掉，从……被开除、免职(2)removaln.移动，迁移，免职removableadj.可移动的，可除去的①Studentsremovedseveraldeskstoanotherclassroom.学生们把几张书桌搬到另外一间教室。②PleaseremoveyourbagfromtheseatsothatIcansitdown.请把你的包从座位上拿走，以便于我可以坐下。③Theplayerwas_removed_fromtheteam.那名球员被开除了。④Thefactoryannounceditsremovaltoanothertown.这个工厂宣布迁移到另外一个镇。3．(教材P38)Theseincludefamiliarsports,suchasbaseball,aswellasmoreunusualsports,suchaspowerboating.这些被淘汰的项目既包括棒球等一些大家所熟悉的项目，又有像汽艇等一些不那么常见的项目。powern．力量，能量；影响力，权力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力(1)inpower在执政，在掌权in/withinone'spower为某人力所能及，在某人能力范围之内outof/beyondone'spower超出某人的能力范围comeinto/topower上台执政；掌权(2)powerfuladj.强有力的powerlessadj无权的，无力的powerfullyadv.强壮地；猛烈地①Themotorispoweredbyasolarbattery.这台发动机是由太阳能电池驱动的。②TheenhancementofnationalstrengthhasimprovedChina'ssoftpower.国力的提升，增强了中国的软实力。③Thenewgovernmentwillcome_to_powernextmonth.新政府将在下月开始执政。④Chinaiswealthierandmorepowerfulthaneverbefore.中国比任何时候都富有、强大。[辨析比较]power,energy,strength,forcepower指政权、权力，还可泛指做某事的能力，还可指物理学中的动力、功率energy指人的精力、活力和物理学中的能、能量、能源strength强调一个人所具有的力量、力气force指为克服阻力使事物运动而实际发出或施加的力量，即物理学中的力；也可指兵力、势力、武力、影响力、效力选择上述单词填空⑤Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsofenergy.⑥It'sbeentenyearsnowsincetheLabourPartycametopowerinthatcountry.⑦Ididn'tknowwhereIhadlostmykey,soIhadtoopenthedoorbyforce.⑧Shedoesn'thaveenoughstrengthtowalkupstairs.4．(教材P38)Thesesportswerejudgedtohavebecomelesspopular,andhadtomakewayfornewsportswhicharemorepopular.这些运动项目被认为不及以前流行了，必须让位于新的、更为流行的运动项目。makewayfor给……让路，让位于……givewayto...让路；让步；被……代替loseone'sway迷路makeone'sway(to/towardssp.)前往；到……地方去feelone'sway(黑暗中)摸索着走；谨慎行事findone'sway(to...)设法到达fightone'sway挤出一条路①Manyhousesarebeingknockeddowntomakewayforanewpark.为建一个新公园，许多房子正在被拆除。②Hemanagedtofind_his__way_totheairport,butwaslatefortheflight.他设法找到了去机场的路，但没赶上飞机。③Hetriedtofight_his_waythroughthecrowdtobuyChristmasgifts.他努力在人群中挤出一条路来买圣诞礼物。5．(教材P39)Meanwhile,theKangarooswenthomeandtrainedharderthanbefore.与此同时，袋鼠队回家了，他们比以往训练得更加刻苦。meanwhileadv.与此同时；在此期间meanwhile＝atthesametime同时inthemeanwhile＝inthemeantime同时，在此期间①Fatherwascuttingthegrass,andmeanwhilemotherwasplantingroses.父亲在剪草，与此同时母亲在种玫瑰。②She'sduetoarriveonThursday.Meanwhile,_whatdowedo?她预定星期四到达，这期间我们做什么呢？③In_the_meanwhileI'llvisither.在此期间，我将去拜访她。6．(教材P39)Thematchwastiedwithminutestogo.离比赛结束只剩几分钟的时间，还是平局。tievt.与……打成平手；(用绳、线)系，绑，捆n．平手；领带；绳索；联系tie...to...把……拴/绑到……上tie...with用……扎紧；包扎tiedown束缚；牵制(某人)tieup系牢；拴住tiesb.downtosth./doingsth.限制某人某事/做某事①Thehometeamandthevisitingteamtied.主队和客队打成平手。②Hetiedthemagazineswiththestring.他用绳子把杂志捆起来。③Tie_the_horse_tothetreeforme,please.请把马给我拴在那棵树上。④Thegameendedinatie.这场比赛以平局告终。⑤Idon'twanttotie_myself_downtocomingbackonaparticulardate.我不能限定自己在哪一天回来。eq\a\vs4\al([词汇对点训])单项填空1．Yourdeskiscrowdedwithtoomanyunnecessarythings.Youhaveto________someofthem.A．remain B．reduceC．remove D．return解析：选C句意：你的书桌上堆满了太多不必要的东西，你必须得拿走一些。表示“去掉，拿开”用remove。remain意为“保留”，reduce意为“减少”，return意为“归还”，均不符合句意。2．Ascomputersarebecomingmoreandmoreimportantnowadays,handwrittenlettersaregradually________e­mails.A．takingthewayof B．pushingawaythroughC．showingwayfor D．makingwayfor解析：选D句意：当今由于电脑正变得越来越重要，手写书信正逐渐让位给电子邮件。makewayfor“为……让位”。3．ThebestwaytogetaroundLondonisself­driving.________，ifyoudon'tworryaboutdealingwithtaxidrivers,thecity'staxisprovideanaffordablealternative.A．However B．ThereforeC．Instead D．Meanwhile解析：选A句意：在伦敦出行的最佳方式是自驾。然而，如果你不担心与出租车司机打交道，该市出租车为你提供一种负担得起的选择。however意为“然而”，符合题意。therefore意为“因此；所以”；instead意为“代替；反而”；meanwhile意为“同时”，故选A项。4．—Canyoucompletethetasktomorrow?—Sorry,itis________，butIwilltrymybest.A．beyondmypower B.inmypowerC．inpower D.outofmyforce解析：选A句意：“你明天能完成这项任务吗？”“对不起，这是我力所不能及的，但我会尽力的。”beyondone'spower“超出某人的能力范围，某人力所不能及的”，符合句意。5．Drunkdriving,whichwasonceafrequentoccurrence,isnow________.A．undercontrol B．underwayC．underconstruction D．underrepair解析：选A句意：曾经频繁发生的酒驾，现在得到了控制。undercontrol意为“在控制下”；underway意为“在进行中”；underconstruction意为“在建造中”；underrepair意为“在修理中”。根据语境可知A项正确。6．BothChinaandtheUnitedA．traditions B．tiesC．choices D．prejudice解析：选B句意：中国和美国都在过去的四十年中从不断增强的贸易联系中获益。tie表示“联系”，符合题意。1．TherearemanyrequirementsthatmustbemetbeforeasportcanbeconsideredbytheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)．一个运动项目在纳入国际奥委会(IOC)的考虑范围之前需要满足很多方面的要求。这是一个复合句，that引导定语从句。其中的before引导时间状语从句。before为连词，它在句中的译法较灵活。(1)……才……①Hehadwalkedforawholedaybeforehefoundwater.他走了一整天才找到水。(2)趁……未，以免，以防②Writedownthetelephonenumberbeforeyouforgetit.趁你还没忘记，把电话号码写下来。(3)就；不久……就常用于句型：Itis/was/willbe(not)＋一段时间＋before...③Ihadnotwaitedlongbeforehecameback.我没等多久他就回来了。④It_was_not_long_beforeheleftfortheUS.不久他就去美国了。(4)在……之前⑤HehadlearnedsomeJapanesebefore_he_went_to_Japan.在去日本前，他学过一些日语。(5)还没来得及……就……⑥BeforeIcouldthinkofareply,shewalkedaway.我还没来得及想出如何回答，她就走开了。2．However,withtherefereesnowkeepingaclosewatchontheEagles,theystruggledandlosttheirnextmatch.但是，裁判们现在密切注意鹰队，鹰队全力比拼却还是输了接下来的一场比赛。本句中withtherefereesnow...为with复合结构，thereferees为宾语，后面的部分为宾补。with复合结构可以作状语表示伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情况：eq\x(\a\vs4\al(with＋名词/,代词＋)\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容词/副词/介词短语,不定式表示动作将要发生,现在分词表示主动和动作正在进行,过去分词表示被动和动作已完成)))①Hestaredathisfriendwithhismouthwideopen.他盯着他的朋友，嘴巴大张着。②Shestoodatthedoor,with_her_back_towards_us.她站在门口，背对着我们。③Withspring_coming,_treesturngreen.春天到了，树变绿了。④Isatinmyroomforafewminuteswithmyeyesfixedontheceiling.我坐在房间里待了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。⑤Withsomebooksto_buy,_Iwenttothebookshop.由于要买一些书，我去了书店。3．TheEagleswenthomeangryandbitterbecausetheydidnotwinthetournament.鹰队在联赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。句中形容词短语angryandbitter作状语，说明主语theEagles的心理状态。形容词(短语)作状语：结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。,位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。,作用：一般用于说明主语的状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随状况等。①Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.由于很感兴趣，他同意试一试。②Afraid_ofdifficulties,theyprefertogiveitup.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿放弃。③Excited_and_overjoyed,_thechildrenrushedtothefront.孩子们激动又欣喜地跑到了前面。④Wetorfine,healwaysgetsupatsixandtakesawalkinthepark.不管是下雨天还是晴天，他总是六点钟起床，并到公园里散散步。eq\a\vs4\al([句型对点训])完成句子1．在你最喜欢的乐队现场表演之前只剩下一天了。(2015·四川高考改编)Thereisonlyonemoredaytogobefore__your_favorite_music_group_play_live.2．又惊又喜，托尼站起来接受了这个奖。Surprised_and_happy,_Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.3．长途旅行后，我们五人回到家里，又饿又累。Afterthelongjourney,thefiveofuswentbackhome,hungry_and_tired.4．在暴风雪期间，他和另一个人被困在一个小木屋里，没有任何东西可吃。Heandanothermanarehidinginasmallhutduringasnowstormwith_nothing_to_eat.5．只穿着一件衬衫的那个孩子冻得直发抖。Thechildwith_only_a_shirt_onwastremblingwithcold.Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Theboy'sunusual(异常的)behaviorpuzzledthedoctor.2．Doesthereferee(裁判员)havethepowertosendhimoffthefield?3．Hewhistled(吹口哨)tohisfriendtokeephidden.4．Referencebooksmustnotberemoved(拿走)fromthelibrary.5．We'vebudgeted(为……预算)foranewcarnextyear.6．Thedollisveryprecious(珍贵的)tomebecauseitwasmymother's.7．No.6gavealongshot,butmissedthegoal(球门)．8．Losingthematchwasabitter(令人不快的)disappointmentfortheteam.Ⅱ.完成句子1．约翰希望最终能上医学院。这期间他打算学化学。Johnhopestogotomedicalschooleventually.In_the_meanwhile,_heisgoingtostudychemistry.2．妈妈让他弄掉鞋上的泥。Mothertoldhimto_remove_the_mud_fromhisshoes.3．不久裁判吹响了上半场比赛结束的哨子。Therefereeblew_the_whistleforhalf­timesoon.4．那个被绑在椅子上的男孩看起来很无助。Theboytied_to_a_chairseemedhopeless.5．由于感到年高体迈，史密斯先生不得不让位给他儿子经营这个工厂。Feelingtoooldandtiredtorunthefactory,MrSmithhadtomake_way_for_his_son.6．他期望李明在他退休之后掌管公司。HeexpectsLiMingtokeep_the_company_under_control_afterheretires.7．趁他还没有退休，他正在尽力培养李明。HeistryinghisbesttotrainLiMingbefore_he_retires.8．其他的工人认为他不想放弃权力。Theotherworkersthinkthathedoesn'twanttogive_up_power.一、打牢语言基础，基稳才能楼高[单元语言点综合练习]Ⅰ.单项填空1．Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis________partthatitplayedin________IndustrialRevolution.A．/;/ B．the;/C．the;the D．a;the解析：选C句意：历史上关于棉花最重要的事情是其在工业革命中所扮演的角色。part后接定语从句表示特指，IndustrialRevolution为专用名词，其前要用定冠词。2．Therewillbeapartytobeheldintherestaurant______ournewforeignEnglishteacher,Patty.A．inplaceof B．inmemoryofC．inhonourof D．incontrolof解析：选C句意：为了欢迎我们的新的英语外教Patty，将要在饭店举行一个宴会。inplaceof“代替”；inmemoryof“为纪念”；inhonourof“为庆祝，为纪念”；incontrolof“控制”。3．Iwilllendmye­dictionaryto________wantstolookupwordsandpromisestotakegoodcareofit.A．whom B．whomeverC．who D．whoever解析：选D句意：我会把我的电子词典借给想查单词并承诺爱护它的任何人(whoever)。whomever在从句中作宾语，不能作主语。4．Itissaidthatmorethanfiftypeoplewillhavetocompete________onlytenopeningsofferedbythesoftwarecompany.A．with B．againstC．for D．at解析：选C句意：据说有五十多个人将不得不竞争那家软件公司提供的仅有的十个空缺职位。competewith/against“与……竞争/竞赛”；competefor“为……角逐”；competeat/in“参加比赛”。根据句意可知应选C项。5．(辽宁高考)Jimwenttoanswerthephone.________，Harrystartedtopreparelunch.A．However B．NeverthelessC．Besides D．Meanwhile解析：选D句意：吉姆去接电话。在这期间，哈里去准备午饭。however和nevertheless“然而”，表示转折；besides“而且，还有”，表示附加；meanwhile“同时，其间”。根据句意选D项。6．Coulditbeintherestaurant________youhaddinnerwithmeyesterday________youlostyourhandbag?A．that;which B．which;thatC．where;that D．that;where解析：选C句意：你会不会是把手提包丢在了昨天我们一起吃饭的饭店里？第一个空考查定语从句的用法：先行词therestaurant在定语从句中作地点状语，故选关系副词where；第二个空考查强调句型，被强调部分为intherestaurant，故选that。7．Wewereall________toreceiveyourletterandreadit________delight.A．delighted;in B．delighting;inC．delighting;with D．delighted;with解析：选D句意：收到你的来信我们都很高兴，并且很高兴地阅读了你的信。bedelightedtodosth.“很高兴做某事”；withdelight“高兴地”。8．IwassoangrythatI________onhim.A．hungdown B．hungupC．hungon D．hungback解析：选B句意：我太生气了，以至于我挂掉了他的电话。hangdown“下垂，低下头”；hangon“紧紧握住，坚持下去，(打电话)不挂断”；hangback“犹豫，退缩”；hangup“挂，吊，拖延，终止，挂断电话”，故选B。9．(全国卷)________thenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.A．Notdoonly B．DonotonlyC．Onlynotdo D．Notonlydo解析：选D句意：护士们不仅希望涨工资，还希望减少工时。notonly...连接并列分句置于句首时，其所在的句子要用倒装。10．(2014·北京高考)________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.A．Can B．MustC．Shall D．Should解析：选A句意：我能和你说句话吗？不会花费太长时间的。can能够，用于第一人称的问句中(Can/CouldI...？)表示“请求或许可”；must“必须”；shall用于第一人称的问句中(ShallI/we...？)，表示“提建议或要求他人作决定”；should“应该”。根据haveawordwithyou可知此处是在请求对方允许。故选A项。Ⅱ.完成句子1．老师要求学生在练习本上每隔几行留出一个空白。Theteacheraskedhisstudentstoleaveaspaceintheirexercisebooksevery_few_lines.2．所有的旗帜都降半旗，为了纪念一位已故的名人。Alltheflagswereflownathalfmast,in_honour_ofafamousdeadperson.3．因为对他所看到的每样东西都好奇，他经常问母亲很多有趣的问题。Curious_about_everythinghesees,heoftenaskshismothermanyinterestingquestions.4．我们应该为国家建设做出自己的贡献。Weshouldmake_contributions_tothebuildingofourcountry.5．无论我怎样努力，我还是不能找到答案。No_matter_how/However_hard_I_have_tried,_Ican'tfindtheanswer.6．这是毕业后我第一次收到杰克的来信。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhave_heard_from_Jackaftergraduation.7．他想出了一些推广产品的好主意。Hecame_up_with_some_good_ideasfortheproductpromotion.8．你不准把它借给别人。Youmustn't_lend_ittoothers.9．你不必告诉他那件事，因为我已经告诉他了。Youneedn't_tell_himaboutitasIhavetoldhim.10．我们昨晚本应学习的，但我们去听音乐会了。Weshould/ought_to_have_studiedlastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.二、勤练语篇阅读，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Aboywaswalkinghomefromschoolwhenhesawalarge,tempting(诱人的)appleononeofthebranchesofanappletreehangingoutoveratallfence.Theboywasn'tmuchofafruit­eater,__1__abarofchocolateifgiventhechoice,but__2__peoplealwayssay,theforbiddenfruitcanbetempting.Seeingtheapple,theboywantedit.Themorehelookedatit,the__3__hefeltandthemorehewantedthatapple.Hestoodontiptoe,__4__ashighashecould,butevenashistallest__5__hewasunabletotouchit.Hebeganto__6__upanddown,ashighashecould,atthe__7__ofeachjumpstretchinghisarmstogettheapple.Stillitremainedoutof__8__.Notgivingup,hethought,ifonlyhehadsomethingto__9__on.Hisschoolbagwouldn'tgiveenoughheightandhedidn'twantto__10__thethingsinside,likehislunchbox,pencilcase,andGameBoy.Looking__11__，hehopedhemightfindanoldbox,arock,or__12__luck,evenaladder,butitwasatidyneighborhoodandtherewasnothinghecoulduse.Hehadtriedeverythinghecouldthink,__13__seeinganyotherchoices,hegaveupandstartedtowalk__14__.Atfirsthefeltangryanddisappointedthinkingabouthowhungryhehadbecomefromhis__15__，andhowhereallywantedthatapple.Themorehe__16__likethis,themoreunhappyhebecame.__17__，theboyofourstorywasaprettysmartguy,evenifhecouldn'talwaysgetwhathewanted.Hesoonstartedtosaytohimself,“Thisisn't__18__.Idon'thavetheappleandI'mfeelingmiserableaswell.There's__19__moreIcandotogettheapple—thatisunchangeable—butIamsupposedtobeableto__20__myfeelings.Ifthat'sthecase,whatcanIdotofeelbetter？”eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个男孩儿试图摘树上的苹果的故事。)1．A.offering B．preferringC．receiving D．allowing解析：选B那个男孩儿不怎么吃水果，如果可以选择的话，他宁愿要一块巧克力，故选B项。2．A.aslongas B．asifC．when D．as解析：选D但是正如人们经常说的那样，禁果可能是很诱人的。as在此处引导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”，故选D项。3．A.angrier B．hungrierC．sadder D．simpler解析：选B他越看那个苹果，他就越感觉饿，他也就越想要那个苹果。此处与下文中的“howhungryhehadbecomefromhis__15__，andhowhereallywantedthatapple”呼应，故选B项。4．A.expanding B．stretchingC．swinging D．pulling解析：选Bexpand意为“扩大”；stretch意为“伸长(胳膊或腿)”；swing意为“摇摆”；pull意为“拉”。此处与下文中的“stretchinghisarms”呼应，故选B项。5．A.strength B．lengthC．range D．height解析：选D根据空格前的“tallest”和下文中的“ashighashecould”可知，选D项。6．A.run B．jumpC．walk D．glance解析：选B此处与下文中的“eachjump”呼应，男孩儿想摘到苹果，但是他身高不够。于是他就上下地跳着去摘苹果，故选B项。7．A.tip B．stageC．level D．top解析：选D根据上文中的“ashighashecould”可知，男孩儿在每次跳到最高处的时候伸长胳膊去摘苹果，故选D项。atthetopof...意为“在……的顶端”。8．A.hope B．controlC．sight D．reach解析：选D根据上文中的“hewasunabletotouchit”和空格前的“Still”可知，男孩儿跳起来还是没有摘到那个苹果。outofreach“够不到”。9．A.put B．standC．get D．sit解析：选B男孩儿并没有放弃，他想要是有个东西让他站在上面就好了。故选B项。10．A.break B．shakeC．take D．strike解析：选A他的书包不能给他足够的高度，而且他也不想弄坏里面的东西。故选A项。11．A.up B．aroundC．down D．forward解析：选B他环视四周，希望能够找到一个旧盒子、一个石块。幸运的话，甚至是一个梯子。根据下文中的“hehopedhemightfindanoldbox,arock”可推知，男孩儿在四下里找这些东西，故选B项。12．A.for B．onC．with D．of解析：选C参见上题解析。13．A.after B．throughC．without D．upon解析：选C他尝试了他所想到的一切，但是没有看到任何其他的选择，故选C项。14．A.away B．backC．up D．down解析：选A根据空格前的“hegaveup”可知，男孩儿最后离开了，故选A项。15．A.wishes B．beliefsC．efforts D．goals解析：选C起初想到为得到那个苹果而付出的努力让自己感觉饥饿时，他感到既生气又失望。故选C项，effort“努力”。16．A.imagined B．thoughtC．tried D．claimed解析：选B他越这样想，他就越不开心，故选B项。17．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．Moreover D．Otherwise解析：选B然而，我们故事里的男孩是一个相当聪明的男孩儿，即使他不总是能够得到他想要的东西。此处表转折，故选B项。18．A.skillful B．cheerfulC．helpful D．harmful解析：选C他很快就对自己说：“生气和失望也于事无补。我没有得到那个苹果，我也感到很难过。”故选C项，helpful“有帮助的，有用的”。19．A.something B．a