2019年上海市嘉定区高考英语一模试卷

2019年上海市嘉定区高考英语一模试卷

I.ListeningComprehensionSectionA（10分）Directions：

InSectionA,youwillhearten

shortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwill

beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.

Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，

readthefourpossibleanswerson

yourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothe

questionyouhaveheard.

1.（1分）A.Classmates.

B.Bossandsecretary.

C.Colleagues.

D.Teacherandstudent.

2.（1分）A.lbhaveabarbecuewithherfamily.

B.Togoforaridearoundtown.

C.lbgotothesupermarketinJohn'scar.

D.Togoshoppingwiththeman.

3.（1分）A.Thewomanshouldfindasparekey.

B.Theyshouldcomedownstairs.

C.Thewomanshouldbemorecarefulnexttime.

D.Theyshouldthinkofasolution.

4.（1分）A.Totheman'sstudio.

B.lbtheman'scompany.

C.Totherailwaystation.

D.Tothesubwaystation.

5.（1分）A.Impatient.

B.Worried.

C.Annoyed

D•Regretful.

6.（1分）A.Heisn'tsure.

B.He'llgobybus.

C.He'llgobytrain.

第1页（共42页）

D.He'llgobyplane.

7.（1分）A.Theconcertisveryimpressive

B.Sheregretspayingfortheconcert.

C.Applauseencouragesthesinger.

D.Almosteveryonelovespopmusic.

8.（1分）A.Theplane'sdeparturetimeremains

unknown.

B.Theplanewillleaveat9：14.

C.Themanhasgonetoawrongcheck-incounter.

D.Themanhasjustmissedhisflight.

9.（1分）A.Shewantstotakemoreoptionalcourses.

B.Shethinksthecourseiswonderful.

C.Shecouldn'tunderstandtheprofessor'slecture.

D.Shedoesn'tthinkthecourseisuseful.

10.（1分）A.Heeatstoomuchwhenplayingchess.

B.Chessishisfavoritegame.

C.Hedoesn'tenjoychessasmuchasheusedto.

D.Hewon'tjointhechessclub.

SectionB（15分）Directions：InSectionB,youwillhear

twoshortpassagesandalonger

conversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestions

oneachofthepassagesandthe

conversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillberead

twice,butthequestionsw川

bespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,read

thefourpossibleanswersonyour

paperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothe

questionyouhaveheard.

11.（4.5分）（1）A.Torunsomeclasses.

B.Toorganizemeetings

C.Tocollectinformation.

D.Togrowtheirownfood

（2）A.Toplanttheseseedsinhisgarden.

B.Togetnewfruitsandvegetables.

C.Toexchangethemwithhisfriends.

D.lbencourageotherstoselltheirseeds.第2页（共42

页）

(3)A.Thegardeningmeetingisintendedtoshare

gardeningskills.

B.Peopleareincreasinglyconcernedwithenvironmentand

health.

C.Thosepresentatthegardeningmeetingexchangeseeds

withoneanother.

D.PeoplegottogetherinWashingtonD.Ctodiscussthe

environmentalissues.

12.(4.5分)(1)A.Itisabusy,crowdedandbooming

place.

B.Itissufferingfromincreasingcrime.

C.Itisapeaceful,friendlyandconvenienttown.

D.Itiscleanandpretty,butalittlebitpoor.

(2)A.Itmightlowertheirwages.

B.Itwillchangetheirwayoflife.

C.Itmightcostthemtheirjobs.

D.Itwillcauseafiercecompetition.

（3）A.SheisgoingtocompeteintheOlympics.

B.Sheisanexperienceddebater.

C.SheleadsthefightagainsttheWal-Martstore

D.Sheworksinthelocalcoffeeshop.

13.（6分）（1）A.Keepcomparingoptionswithyour

family.

B.Readproductreviewseveryday.

C.Telephonethelocalstoreforadiscount.

D.Makeenoughinvestigations.

(2)A.Totakehertimetoavoidhastypurchase

B.lbspendanotheryearlookingforafavoritecar

C.Togotothelocalcarcompaniestomakedetailed

investigation

D.Tomakeacarefulcomparisonandchooseanidealcaras

soonaspossible.

(3)A.Heiscarefulbuthesitant.

B.Heischangeableandhasty.

C.Heisdecisiveandconfident.

D.Heisfashionablebutenvious.

(4)A.Everyonehashisownwaytomakeapurchase.

B.Onecan'tmakeagoodpurchasewithoutreadingproduct

reviews.第3页（共42页）

C.Fewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofadsofnewly

releasedproduct.

D.Comparingoptionswhenpurchasinghelpssavemoneyin

thelongrun.

II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA（10分）Directions：After

readingthepassagebelow,

fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblanks

withagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword；fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

14(.10分)Peoplearebeinglured(引诱)ontoFacebookwith

thepromiseofafun,freeservice,

(1)realizingthatthey'repayingforitbygivingupplenty

ofpersonal

information.Facebookthenattemptstomakemoneyby

sellingtheirdatatoadvertisersthat

wanttosend(2)(target)messages.

MostFacebookusersdon'trealizethisis

happening.Evenif

theyknowwhatthe

companyisupto,theystillhavenoidea(3)they'repaying

forFacebook,because

peopledon'treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldetailsareworth.

Thebiggestproblem,however,isthatthecompanykeeps

changingtherules.Early

on,youcouldkeepeverythingprivate.Thatwasthegreat

thingaboutFacebook--you

couldcreateyourownlittleprivatenetwork.Lastyear,the

companychangeditsprivacy

manythings--rules(4)yourcity,yourphoto,

yourfriends'names--

wereset,bydefault(默认)，tobesharedwitheveryone

ontheInternet.

AccordingtoFacebook'svicepresidentElliotSchrage,the

companyissimplymaking

changestoimproveitsservice,andifpeopledon'tshare

information,椁祥桀瘢？？(5)

(satisfying)experience.勘

SomecriticsthinkthisismoreaboutFacebooklookingtomake

moremoney.Itsoriginal

businessmodel,(6)involvedsellingadsandputtingthemat

thesideofthepage,

?totallyfailed.Whowantstolookatadswhentheyare

connectingwiththeirfriendsonline

Sofartheprivacyissue(7)(land)Facebookinhotwaterin

Washington.In

April,SenatorCharlesSchumercalledonFacebookto

changeitsprivacypolicy.Healso

urgedtheCommissiontosetregulationsforsocial-

networkingsites.

IsuspectthatwhateverFacebookhasdone(8)(invade)

ourprivacyisonly

thebeginning,whichiswhyI'mconsidering(9)(cancel)

my

account.Facebookisahandysite,butI'mupsetbytheidea

that（30）information第4页（共42页）

isinthehandsofpeopleIdon'ttrust.Thatistoohigha

pricetopay.

SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperword

chosenfromthebox.Eachword

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmore

thanyouneed.

15.（10分）

A.combining；B.analyzed；C.concern；D.tremendously；

E.effective；F.applied；

G.actually；H.common；I.limited；J.assessing；

K.test

Gettinghelpwithparentingmakesadifference--atanyage

NewOxfordUniversitystudyfindsthatparentinginterventions

(育儿干预)forhelping

childrenwithbehaviorproblemsarejustaseffectiveinschool

age,asinyoungerchildren.

Thereisadominantviewamongscientistsandpolicy-

makers.Theybelieves,forthe

greatesteffect,interventionsneedtobe(1)earlyinlife,

whenchildren'sbrain

functionandbehaviorarethoughttobemore

flexible.However,accordingtothenew

research,it'stimetostopfocusingonwhenweintervenewith

parenting,andjustcontinue

helpingchildreninneedofallages.

JustpublishedinChildDevelopment,thestudyisoneof

thefirstto(2)this

ageassumption.Parentinginterventionsareacommonand

effectivetoolforreducingchild

behaviorproblems,butstudiesofageeffectshave

produceddifferentresultsuntilnow.

AteamledbyProfessorFrancesFardner(3)datafromover

15,OOOfamilies

earlierisbetter.,andfoundnoevidencethatoverthe

worldOlderfromallchildren

benefitedjustasmuchasyoungeronesfrom

parentinginterventionsforreducingbehavior

problems.Therewasnoevidencethatearlierinterventions

aremorepowerful.Thiswas

datafrommorethan150differentexperiments).basedon

(4

What'smore,theireconomicanalysisfoundthat

interventionswitholderchildrenwere

(5)morelikelytobecost-effective.

ProfessorGardnercommented：Whenthereis(6)about

behavioraldifficulties

,inyoungerchildren,ourfindingsshouldneverbeusedas

areasontodelayintervention

otherwise,childrenandfamiliesw川sufferforlonger.She

continued,Asfor(7)

parentinginterventionsforreducingbehaviorproblemsin

childhoodweshouldsticktothe,

principle,'it'snevertooearly,nevertoolate',rather

than'earlierisbetter'.勘

第5页（共42页）

Thestudydrawstheconclusionthatitmakessensetoinvestin

parentinginterventionsfor

childrenatallageswithbehavioraldifficulties,because

theyarenomorelikelytobe(8)

.adolescentsatleastinthepre-inyoungerthanolder

children,

(9)Ofcourse,there'smoreworktobedone.The

experimentsconductedwere

topre-adolescents,toshorter-termeffects,and

parent-reportedassessmentofchild

outcomes.Futurestudiesareneededthatfocusonadolescents,

longer-termoutcomes,and

usingmultiplesourcesfor(10)childbehaviorproblems.

III.ReadingComprehensionsectionA(15分)Directions：

Foreachblankinthefollowing

passagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C

andD.Fillineachblankwiththe

wordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

16.(15分)Marmosetmonkeysexistonabranchofthe

evolutionarythreethatisdistinctfromthe

onethatledtohumans.Buttheyconstantlyastonish

researcherswith(1)behavior

thatseemsprettyhighlyevolved.Theirsocialorganization

and(2)practicescould

havebeenthemodelforthephraseIttakesavillage.A

dominantmaleandfemalebreed,

andtheirbabiesarecarefullylookedafterbyextendedfamily

memberswhothenaren'tfreeto

breedthemselves.

Anewstudyfurther(3)themarmoset'sreputationforadmirable

community

values.Researchersreportthatthesecaregiverssharetheir

foodmoregenerouslywithlittle

ones(4)thanwhenthey'resurroundedbythewatchfuleyes

ofothercommunity

members.Incomplexsocietieswhereindividualsband

togetherfor(5),protection

researchershavecomeupwithafewwidelyaccepted

explanationsforselflessbehavior.But

specificacts,likesharingadeliciouscricket(蟋蟀)witha

beggingbabymarmoset,seem

toneedmore(6)explanation.

Onepossibilityisthatanindividualpractices(7)asameans

ofenhancinghis

statusamongpeers.By(8)thatheissowellgiftedwith

materialgoodsthathecan

givesomeaway,thisdo-gooderenhanceshispowerwithin

thegroup.That,inturn,may

(9)prospectivemates.Theotherexplanationfor

charitablebehavior(10)

thatkindnessesextendedtoothersaresimplythefeesof

groupmembership,whichoffers

somefuturepromiseofachancetomate.Failuretoshare

wouldresultinexclusionfromthe

groupandalossof(11)partners.Scientistscallthis

thepay潴？璘第第6页(共42页)

model.Importantly,forbothofthesemodelstowork,

actsofkindnessmusthavea(n)

(12)awayfromThatsuggestsyouwouldseemoresharingin

groupsettings；.

judgingeyes,acaregivermightbemorelikelytokeepfood

forhimselforherself.Andyet,

in2,581testsconductedwith31adultand14baby

marmosets,the(13)appeared

tobetrue.

Anthropologists(人类学家)fromtheUniversityofZurich

carefullydocumentedhow

often,ingroupsandinconditionsthatfoundcaregiverand

babyseparatedfromthecrowd,

anadultwouldsharehisorhercricket.Whenalonewitha

babybeggingforataste,adult

marmosetssharedtheircricket85%ofthetime.Whenina

group,caregiversoffereduptheir

cricket67%ofthetime.Ourresultsshowthathelpingin

commonmarmosetsisnotdriven

byreputationmanagementor(14)avoidance,thestudyauthor

reported.Rather,

itisdrivenbyadeep-downmotivationtohelpthatismore

(15)expressedwhen

individualsarealonewithyoung.勘

(1)A.animalB.carefulC.socialD.individual

D.organizingcommunicatingB(2)

A.evolving.parentingC.

D.protectsaffectsC.B.A(3).shinesdamages

D.atplayinprivate.byaccidentC.onscheduleB.(4)

A

DcontinualC.adequate)A.B.effective.mutual5

(

DB.C..)6A.creativeofficialcomplexspecific(

DB..independenceCA(7).generosity.wisdom

governance

DdemonstratingB...)8Apromisingexplaining

pretendingC.(

DB.counton.appealto..benefitfromgoafterCA9

()

DB.enhances..confirms.A)(10assumes

concludesC

Dpotentialdominantregular.A11()…previousCB

D)(12A.judgefeedbackCatmosphere.audienceB..

D.argumentexpectationsBstatisticsA)13

(..C.opposite

D.difficulty(14arrangementC.)

A.responsibilityB.punishment

第7页（共42页）

（15）

A.stronglyB.casuallyC.delicatelyD.fearlessly

SectionB（22分）Directions：Readthefollowingthree

passages.Eachpassageisfollowed

byseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachof

themtherearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbest

accordingtotheinformationgivenin

thepassageyouhavejustread.

17.（8分）Onedayalittleboy，annoyedbyhisfather's

decisionforhimtobecomeagrocer,

decidesthathewillnevergrowup.Groceryisadulljoband

stayingachildishisprotest

againstit.Thisstrangelittle

boy-man,neverseparatedfromatindrumheis

always

Itcoversthreecrucialdecadesof20th

centurybanging,isourheroofthetable.

history.LittleOscarMatzerathwillexperiencelove,war

andimprisonmentinastorythat

paintsanunforgettablepictureofCentralEuropebetween

1923and1954.

ThisisanoverviewofthestoryofTheTinDrum,themost

famousworkbytheGerman

Nobel-winningauthorGunterGrass,whopassedaway

onApril13attheageof87.The

TinDrumalsoestablishedGrassasoneoftheleadingauthors

ofGermany.Italsosetahigh

barofcomparisonforallofhisfollowingworks.Justashis

best-knownfictionisboththe

storyofanindividualandofanage,soitisthatGrass'life

cannotbeunderstoodwithout

referringtothehistoryofGermany.?效眠犯挠污敬？？防愁祜？？

^稠楣7突散，becausehe

remindedGermansofapastduringtheSecondWorldWar

(1933-1945)thatmanywould

.haveratherforgotten

Thissometimesmadehimunpopular.ManyGermansdid

notagreein1989whenhesaid

thatEastGermanyandWestGermanyshouldremain

separate,asaunitedcountrywouldbe

toostrongandthreatentheworld'speace.AndGrasswas

calledahypocritewhenherevealed

inhismemoir

PeelingtheOnion(2006)thathehadbeenateenage

memberoftheWaffen-SS,the

Nazi(纳粹)

Party'sfightingforce.Themanwhohadblamedtheactions

ofothershadaless-than-

perfectrecordhimself.

Grasswasamanofthepenandthepageandalsoamanwith

agiftforspeakingtothe

public.

第8页（共42页）

Hiswritingwasnoisyandannoying,butonehadtolistento

it，alittlelikethesoundof

thedrumbangedbyhismostfamousliterarycreation.

(1)InTheTinDrum,thehero.

A•decideshewillnevergrowuptoescapefromthewar

B.doesn'twanttobecomeagrocerashisfatherexpects

C.refusestobeseparatedfromthetindrumheisplaying

D.hasanunforgettableexperienceinvolvingloveandhatred

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhypocritemean?

A.Someonewhohasjusticeonhissideandpursues

perfection.

B.Someonewhoenjoysblamingothersfortheirown

mistakes.

C.Someonewhoisunwillingtobelievethereisgoodin

people.

D.Someonewhopretendstobemorevirtuousthanone

reallyis.

(3)Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethat.

A.OscarMatzerath'sstoriesweremodeledonGrass'sown

childhoodlife

B.criticsapplaudedGrass'sargumentforcontinued

separationofGermany

C.Grass'slifeandworkscanbebestunderstoodfroma

historicalperspective

D.nootherwriterinGermanycouldbeGrass'sequalin

perfectpersonalrecord

（4）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthearticle?

A.lbanalyzewhathasmadeTheTinDrumsopopularin

Germany.

B.TointroducethereaderstoGunterGrassandhismost

famouswork.

C.TopresentthehistoryofGermanythroughthepenand

pageofGrass.

D.TogivesomebackgroundinformationaboutGrass'searly

lifeasawriter.

18.（6分）Beesinacolonyworkwitheachothertogather

food,andtheytrytofindthemost

nectar（花蜜）intheleastamountoftimepossible.Asmall

numberofbeesworkassearchers，

butwhenagoodflowerpatch（花丛）isfound,howdothey

tellotherbeeswheretofind

it?

Beescommunicateflowerlocationusingspecialdances

insidethehive,wherebees

live.Onebeedanceswhiletheotherbeeswatch.The

dancingbeesmellsliketheflower

patch,andalsogivesthewatchingbeesatasteofthenectar

shehasgathered.Smellandtaste第9页（共42页）

helpsotherbeesfindthecorrectflowerpatch.Beesuse

twodifferentkindsofdancesto

communicateinformation：thewaggle（摇摆）danceandthe

circledance.

Waggledance

Thewaggledancetellsthewatchingbeestwothingsabouta

flowerpatch'slocation：the

distanceandthedirectionawayfromthehive.

A.Distance

Thedancingbeewagglesbackandforthasshemoves

forwardinastraightline,then

aroundtorepeatthedance.Thelengthofthemiddleline，

calledthewaggleruncircles,

showsroughlyhowfaritistotheflowerpatch.

B.Direction

Beesknowwhichwayisupandwhichwayisdowninsidetheir

hive,andtheyusethis

toshowdirection.How?Beesdancewiththewaggle

runataspecificangleawayfrom

straightup.Outsidethehive，beeslookatthepositionofthe

sun,andflyatthesameangle

awayfromthesun.

Circledance

Thecircledancetellsthewatchingbeesonlyonethingabout

theflowerpatch'slocation：

thatitissomewhereclosetothehive.

Inthisdance,thebeewalksinacircle,turnsaround,then

walksthesamecircleinthe

oppositedirection.Sometimes,thebeeincludesalittlewaggle

asshe'sturningaround.The

durationofthiswaggleisthoughttoindicatethequalityofthe

flowerpatch.

(1)Whydoesthesearchergivethewatchingbeesatasteof

thenectar?

A.Toinformthemofthedistanceoftheflower.

B.lbcelebratehersuccessoffindingthenectar.

第10页(共42页)

C.lbmotivatethemtocollectthenectar.

D.lbensurethebeesfindtherightpatch.

(2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutthe

dances?

A•Thesearcher'swagglemeanslittleduringthecircle

dance.

B.Thewaggledanceindicatesthedirectionoftheflower

patch.

C.Thewaggledanceshowspreciselyhowfartheflower

patchis.

D.Thequalityoftheflowerpatchisnotshowninthecircle

dance.

(3)Ifthesearcherdancesinsidethehiveinthisway(seethe

rightpicture),whichofthe

followingistheWRONGflyingdirectionfortheotherbees?

A.

B.

C.

D.

19.(8分)Earth'sgeologicages---timeperiodsdefinedby

evidenceinrocklayers--

第11页（共42页）

typicallylastmorethanthreemillionyears.We'rebarely11,

500yearsintothecurrentage,

theHolocene.Butanewpaperarguesthatwe've

alreadyenteredanewone-the

Anthropocene,or

ewman,age.

Thenameisn'tbrand-new.NobelPrizewinnerPaul

Crutzen,aco-authorofthe

paper,coineditin2002toreflectthechangessincethe

industrialrevolution.Thepaper,

however,ispartofnewpushtoformalizetheAnthropocene

age.

Recenthumanimpactshavebeensogreatthatthey'llresultin

anobviousboundary(界

限)inEarth'srocklayer,theauthor'ssay.Weareso

skilledatusingenergyand

exploitingtheenvironmentthatwearenowadefiningforcein

thegeologicalprocessonthe

surfaceoftheEarth,saidco-authorJanZala,a

geologistwiththeUniversityofLeicester

intheUK.Evenso,itcouldtakeyearsorevendecades

fortheInternationalUnionof

GeologicalSciencetoformalizethenewage.

IftheconceptoftheAnthropoceneageistobeformalized,

scientistswillfirsthaveto

identifyanddefineaboundaryline,ormarker,that'ssetin

stone.Thekeythingisthinking

abouthow-thousandsofyearsinthefuture---

geologistmightcomebackandactually

recognizeinthedepositintheUK.It'snotas

straightforwardasyoumightthink.The

markethastobeveryprecise,andithastoberecognizedin

manydifferentpartsoftheworld,

saidHaywood,whowasn'tinvolvedinthenewstudy.

Onecandidateforthemarketisthedistinctiveradioactive

signatureleftbyatombomb

tests,whichbeganin1945.Thefallout（沉降）isbasically

acrosstheworld,Haywood

said.Inasimilarway,scientistsusedtracesoftheelement

iridium（钺）leftbyshooting

---thestarstrikestohelpdefinetheboundarybetweenthe

CretaceousandTertiaryperiods

timeofthegreatdinosaurextinctions.

ThepushforaformaldeclarationoftheAnthropoceneage

isaboutmorethanjust

curiosity.Themovethescientistswriteinthelastthe

journalscientificissueof

EnvironmentalScience&Technology,mightbeused

asencouragementtoslowcarbon

emissionsandbiodivers让y（生物多样性）lossorasevidence

onprotectionmeasuresJustas

Haywoodsaid,byunderlininghowmuchwe'rechangingthe

environment,theformalization

wouldbeaverypowerfulstatement.

第12页（共42页）

(1)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthenewpaper?

A.ItdeniestheexistenceoftheHoloceneage.

B.Itdocumentstherecenthumanimpactsonearth.

C.ItpushesfortheformalizationoftheAnthropoceneage.

D.Itservesasawarningagainstthecurrentmineral

exploitation.

(2)Haywood'swordsinparagraph4indicatethat.

A.thekeytoformalizingthenewageistofindadeposit

recordsetinstone

B.themarkerhastoappearinvariousplacesgloballytobe

consideredvalid

C.findingamarkerisastraightforwardwaytodefinethe

beginningofanage

D.futuregeologistsmayfindithardtorecognizethe

markerswechoosetoday

(3)Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

A.Theelementiridiummayworkasamarkerforthe

Anthropoceneage.

B.TheNobelPrizewinnerCrutzeninventedthename

Holocenein2002.

C.Theformalizationofthenewagemaysendamessagefor

eco-protection.

DHumanactivitieshaveresultedfromthechangeof

boundariesinrocklayers.

(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HumansAreDestroyingtheEarth,GeologistsWarn

B.looEarlytoSetThingsinStone,AuthoritiesSay

C.MoreEvidenceIsNeeded,UniversitiesRequire

D.ANewEarthAgeMayBegin,ScientistsArgue

SectionC（8分）Directions：Readthefollowing

passage.Fillineachblankwithaproper

sentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeused

onlyonce.Notethattherearetwomore

sentencesthanyouneed.

20.（8分）

A.Sheisperfectlymadefordoingwhatshedoes，it

seems.

B.Adventurersareclearlydifferentfromtherestofus.

CWhatshedidwasreallybeyondourimagination

D.Itseemsthatmanyadventurersspendtheirlivestryingto

liveuptotheimageofaparent.

E.Andmostofuswouldpreferittoremainthatway.

第13页（共42页）

F.Manyadventurershaveamazedtheworldwiththeir

extraordinaryskills.

Whydosomepeoplefeelobligedtodothecraziestthings,

whilemostofusarehappytosit

onthesofaandwatchtheirexploitsonTV?RobinStyles

ponders（考虑）thisquestion.

Generally,welovetowatchsomeone'sbraveryanddrama

--asinglepersonagainst

thewildsofnature,testingtheirendurancebeyond

belief.Andourpleasureisgreater

becauseweliveacomfortableandincreasinglyrisk-

freelife,wherethegreatesttestof

enduranceisgettingtoworkthroughtherushhour.(1)

However,thereare

countlesswaystotestthelimits

ofyourendurance,ifyoushouldwishtodoso,by

attemptingsomethingunpleasant,uncomfortableorjust

plaindangerous.

AmericanLynneCoxswimsinsub-zerotemperatures

throughtheplanet'smost

dangerousoceanswearingonlyaswimsuit--forfun!

AccordingtoLynne,thereisalways

somethingdrivingheron.Atage9,whenshewas

swimminginanoutdoorpooloneday,

aviolentstormblewup,butsherefusedtogetoutofthe

pool.Somethingmakehercarry

on.Thensherealizedthat,asthewatergotcolderand

rougher,shewasactuallygetting

fasterandwarmer,andshewasreallyenjoyingit.Atage14,

shebrokeherfirstendurance

record.Yearslater,expertsdiscoveredthatLynnehasa

totallyevenlayerofbodyfat,like

aseal.(2).

ThefamousBritishexplorer,SirRanulphFiennes,hasled

manymajorexpeditions(远

征)intheextremecold,includingwalkingrightroundthe

ArcticCircle.Hehasalsoled

expeditionsintheextremeheat,anddiscoveredthe

Lost

CityofllbarintheOmani

desert.(3)SirFienneshassaid,IfIamgettingsick,Ifind

averypowerfulway

ofconqueringitistoknowthatmyfatherwouldhavedefinitely

doneit.

(4)Thereisprobablynosuchthingasa

ormaladventurer.Unsurprisingly,

risk-takerstendtobesingle-mindedandunusually

determinedpeoplewhohatethestability

androutinethatmostpeopleprefer.Theytendtotake

risksforthe

un

ofit.The

excitementbecomesaddictive,andtheywantmoreand

moreofit.Ordinarylifeseems

boringincomparison.

IV.SummaryWriting

21.（10分）Directions：Readthefollowing

passage.Summarizethemainideaandthemain

第14页（共42页）

point（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Use

yourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Takecareofyourspine（脊柱）

Thespinestandsatthecenterofyourhealth,providingyour

bodywithstructureand

support.Italsocontainsyourspinalcord,amassive

collectionofnervesconveyingelectric

signalsfromtherestofyourbodytoyourbrain.Sinceyour

spineissocentraltoyourhealth,

it'simportanttolookafterit.

Maintaininggoodposture（姿势）isoneofthemostimportant

thingsyoucandotokeep

yourspinehealthy.Properposturemeansstandingorsitting

whilekeepingyourspinestraight,

exceptforitsnaturalcu