英语总复习语法讲义定语从句

Attributive．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后。．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。．关系词：引导定从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,who,whose,as等关系副词有why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用A引导定语从句、代替先行词C、在定从句中担当一个成分。TheisdswithmyaI.关系词引导的定语从句．指，在定语从句中作主语。Theboysplayingfootballarefromgomuseummustatschoolat7tomorrow．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr)youtalkedbus.LiMingtheboy(whomIsee.注意：关系代词whom在语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略The/metnowisoldfriend.．指，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。ismostThewhichlakeThisispen(which)Thefilmwhich)theyseelastnightnotall.．That指时，相当于whom指物时，相当于。在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethatcometovisitthiscityreachesmillion.

Whereistheman/whomIsawmorning?Thepersontoverykind.．Whose通指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistknownalloverthecountry.HehasfriendisaTheclassroomisbrokenwillsoonrepaired.ExercisesIfromIoncelivedinroofIanhadhisway.Theteacheroftenpraisesmonitor.ThatisteacherTheprofessoryouareforhascome.Thefactorymakesisawayfromhere.Helikesbookswrittenbyforeignwriters.ThecomesafterspringisII.介+关代”导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常“介词关代”出。Theschool/heinveryfamous.inwhichheisfamousherethe(which/that)for.Tomorrowheremagazineforwhichasked.Thisisboy(whom//that)IplayedwithWe’llfamoussinger(whom/who/that)

ThewhoseIworkinimprovingourworking注意：１．含介词的短语动词般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,look等。Thisiswatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.正)ThisiswatchforIlooking.误)２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which不可用。系代词是所有格时用whose。Thewithwhomyounowis正Thewiththatyounowis误)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadareallycomfortable.III.关副词引导的定语从句．when指间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IrememberwhenIfirstcamethisschool.Thetimefinallyarrived.

。wasthePeopleRepublicofChinawasyouyearsinthecountryside．where指点，在定语从句中作地点状语。iscityIborn.TheIlivedtenagobeendown.Ivisitedalotofcowswereraised.Isthisplacetheenemy?．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasemissedtheplane.ThereasonwhyhepunishedunknowntoIdon’tknowthereasonwhyheunhappy注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以“介词关系代词引导的定语从句来表。如：placeinthecitywhere/live.Thereasonwhyforwhichrefusedtheisquiteclear.

IV.限性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上：不用逗，与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语：．．的关系词的使用上A．宾语时可省略B．可用C．可用who代非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号，与句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上A．可省略

B不用thatC不可用who代whom限制性定语从句举例：ThetoldmethatonlypersonthatIcoulddependChinaisacountryhaslongInthestreetIsawwasfromAfrica.非限制性定语从句举例：HislovesverywithwhichinbecomingLastIvisitedPeople’sGreatHall,inwhichmeetingsareheldevery限制性定语从句中只能用that引定语从句的情况先行词是everything,nothing除),all,none,few,等定代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,no,little,等代词修饰时。如：youeverythingthatMr.Lisaid?Thereseemstothattohiminthat/whoaAllthe/whoinvitedherwedding．当先行词被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplaceinLondontheBigBen.．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

ThisisbestfilmIever．当先行词被thevery,the修时。ThisisverydictionaryIbuy.Afterthefireinhiscaristheonlythingheowns.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词。：istheonlyinourwillattendthe．当先行词前面有等问代词时。ismanthatisbygate?WhichT-shirtfitsme．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。aboutthingsatmandonkeythatwalkingstreet.关系代词as和引的定语从句as和which引非限制性定语从句时，其用有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：as都以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前整个句子。Hemarr/whichwasnatural.He/whichcansee.引的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外as常常正如、正”含义。knowntoChinaisadevelopingcountry.HethecanhisJohn,know,ZhangbeentomorethanI’t注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用w。如：Tomwaslateforagainhisteacherveryofheavy.当行词受such,thesame修时，关系词常用。I’veneverheardsuchastells.Henotafoolashe

注意：当先行词受same修时，偶尔也用that引定语从句，但与as引的定语从句意思有区别。woresamedressthatsheatMaryworesamedressas以way为行词的限制性定从句通常由in或that引，而且通常可以省略。The/inansweredthesurprising.Idon’tlikethewayinwhich)youher.关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）试比较：IplacewherecanhaveaIplacewhich/foritsIwillforgetthedaysspentholidaysIwillneverdaysthat/whichwespentC.hewasdismissed.Thisisthat/whichexplainedtomeforhisnotthemeeting.定语从句与同位语从句的区别．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具内容，它与先行词是同位关系。Theplanethatt