英语毕业论文欧

TheFeaturesofO’Henry’sShortByHuitheofLiuForeignCollegeInnerMongoliaAgriculturalJune

TheFeaturesofOHenryShortStoriesAbstractOHenryisoneofstorieswritersinworld,equalwithHiswritingisbypeople,fortwistplotInlanguage,Henryusesmanytacticstoeffortofmakingvividhumorous,likeirony.Thecharactersinhisshortfromtheofsociety,richandpoor,evilgainswritingfromhislifeofhisisthemicrocosmofsocietythattime.hisconsidered“theencyclopediaofAmerican”Inhisstories,HenrywiththecriticizestheInthesis,ofHenrysshortstory,surprisingirony,uniquecharacterportrayingKey

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Henry,shortstories,surprisinghumor,irony,characterportrayingI

欧·亨短小说的作点中文摘欧·亨利是世界上最伟大的短篇小说家之一，享有与柴可夫斯基，莫泊桑同等的地位。他的写作风格受众人青睐，尤其是以屈折的情节和出人意料的结尾闻名。在语言上，欧.亨利使用多多样的修辞手法来让故事达到生动活泼，幽默风趣的效果，如反讽。在他短篇小说了，人物都是来自各个阶层的人，有穷也有富，有邪恶也有善良的。他如此多的写作素材多归功于他丰富的生活经历。他的每个故事都是当时社会的一个缩影因此的故事被人称作“美国生活的百全科书亨利小说里，他常常同情穷苦老百姓而批判讽刺资本家。本文主要对欧亨利的短篇小说特点进行了分析，即出奇制胜的结尾，幽默，反讽，以及人物刻画技巧。关键字：欧·亨利，短篇小说，出奇制胜的结尾，幽默，反讽，人物刻画技巧II

ContentsChapter1Introduction…………….11.1………………1.2StudiesofHenrysWorks………………Chapter2TheLifeofOHenryandHisLiteratureAchievements………32.1OHenryPersonalInformation……….32.2HenrysWorks4Chapter3TheFeaturesofOHenrysWorks53.1Surprisingending…………3.2Humor………….63.2.1UniversalHumor…………………….63.2.2CultureHumor

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73.2.3LinguisticHumor…………………….AttheLexicalLevel…………AttheSyntacticLevel……….93.3Irony………………………..103.4TheUniqueCharacterPortraying…………………3.4.1SeveralTypicalCharactersinHisWorks……3.4.2TheUniquecharacterPortrayingArtRelatingtoHisExperience………………….12Chapter4.Conclusion………………Bibliography…………14Acknowledgements…………………III

Chapter1Introduction1.1OHenry,oneofmostfamousshortstoryinequalstatuswithstoriesforvividcoupledwithkeenobservations,aswellasIntocarryforwardfineofHenryMemorialAwardhasbeenpresented1918theManycriticsinAmericaonHenryhisworkswithhisbiography,theingeniousarrangementoftypicalthecriticalimplicationofhistoaCriticshimawriterwhoputsmoraljudgmentsocialcriticismintohisuniquewithburlesqueandobviousinclinations.1.2StudiesofOHenry’aofstories,OHenryarousesgreatinterestfromcriticstenafterdeath.criticStephenLeacocksaysintheprefaceofOHenryVoiceofthe(1908)that“Thetimeiscoming,lethope,whenthewholeEnglish-speakingworldillrecognizeOHenryoneofthegreatestmastersofmodernfiction”(OHenry,2004).HebelievesthatOHenryownsthetechniqueofMaupassant,butMaupassantinhumor.abroad,onOhisworksmainlywithtotheofhumanity,coincidences,mainlyonhumanitythemesofOHenryworks:“Giftedasheiswithaflashingwit,abundanthumor,quickobservation,nohasterrorsforhim.Ifitmuchtointheoldphrase,thatnothinglargerpartofhumanityishisdomain”1

St.JohnAdcockhasmoreinterestinOlanguage.presentshisopinionin“’Henry:AnEnglish”(1917):Hehasnoneoftheconsciousstylistelaboratelittletrickswithwords,forheisamasterlanguageanditsslave……Heseemstogoashepleases,writingapparentlywordstobeinink,allgettingholdofreaderinterest;subtlyshapinghisnarrativewithastory-tellerunerringinstinct,generallyallowingnoglimpseofitsculminatingpointuntilyourightonit.InChina,theonlymonographicbookonOHenryisRuanWenlingGoinginaMaze—theArtisticWorldinO’Henry(1997).Itfocusesonofwriter,thetheart.ProfessorRuanintroducesOHenrylifethoroughly,commentsmostofOHenryworkscreatively,andmakesitavaluableforresearchintoOHenryandhisworks.Moreover,thereareseveralmasterthesesandaroundonehundredarticlesinSimilarly,mostofthesesandarticleslimittheirdiscussionstothehumanityflexibleplotarrangementshumorouslanguage,whichiscalled“OHenryTechnique”.However,whatwillbepresentedinthesisaretheinOHenryshortstwhichhaveeverbeenInthesis,IwillfourpartsanalyzetheofOHenrystory,ending,irony,characterportraying2

Chapter2TheLifeO’HenryandHisLiteratureAchievements2.1O’Henry’Porter,namewaswasinGreenboro,NorthCarolina,in1862.HisSydneyPorterwasaanhiswroteWhenwasthree,motherdied,hewasraisebywasreader,theofheleftschool,thenworkedinadrugTexasranch.Inofjobs,includingthatofclerk.in1882heonainCountyfortwoIn1887AtholEstesRoach;In1894WilliamahumorousweeklyTheStone.Itatthathedrinking.thefailed,hejoinedHoustonPostasaIn1896OHenrychargedwithembezzlingfromNationalBankofworkedfrom1894.TheamountmoneywassmallhavebeenanaccountingHoweverhetofleeHondurastrail.Learningthathiswifewasdying,toin1897and,afterherturnedintoauthorities.servedthreeoffive-yearthefederalinColumbus,Ohio.Whilebeingtorturedandsufferingalot,heapharmacisttoprisonwhichhimtobasedonlifehehadexperiencedinTexaselsewhere.ItwasordealfromtofromtoamaturehisinhesettledYorkandwritingfulltime.Hisinpreviousgrantednewsensationsadventures,manywereintomore140OnotherhewouldsufferintenselyfromstrivinginvaintoofhisHeforty-eighthediedatpeakofhis3

2.2O’Henry’InhisstoriesheuseofknowledgeofTexas,CentralAmerica,lifeinprison.HealsobecamefascinatedbyYorkstreetlife,whichprovidedasettingformanyofhislaterstories.Duringlasttenyearsofhislife,HenrybecameofthemostinpublishingovershortindozensofwidelyreadHisfirstcollectionwork,andKings(1904)isaseriesorAmericanaplotThecharactersAmericans,evenofamythicalbelongtovaudevilleorcomicWithThefourMillion(1906)OHenryproducedhisfirstbookofNewYorkstories,someofwhich,suchas“TheGiftofMagi,”“TheSkylightRoom,”“TheCopandtheAnthem,”“SpringtimealaCarte,”and“TheFurnishedRoom”werehardlytobesurpassed.Thebook

success,andin1907ThegavereadingpublicsecondcollectionofYorkOHenrytalentfortheironictwistisexemplifiedinthetitlestoryandin“TwoThanksgivingDayGentleman.In1907heturnedinHeartWest.Herethereadermeetsbeauties,bandits.In1908OHenryalsopublishedVoiceofCitytheofMassedHumanity,NewYork.inRoadsofreflecthisconvictionmanescapefromhisfate.In“RoadsofDestiny”fateisaroad;in“Phoebe”itastarandawoman;“ARetrievedReformation”iscircumstance.

Whirligigs(1910)OHenrydrewfromallthehefromofexperience.“TheApotheosisofFailure”isanamusingtaleofmistakenidentity.“TheRansomofRedChief,”storyofakidnappedthatboomerangedbecausekidnappedwasanfun.4

Chapter3TheFeaturesO’Henry’sWorks3.1SurprisingEndingTheofanarticlehaslongbeenconsideredasaconclusionasummaryofthewholeManymastershavethisprinciple.Butwhenittolattertimes,manyhavetriedofcomposingTheyconsideredtheendingasawaytoelevatetheartisticthought.Henrymaybeoneofthemforthetwistending.Theso-calledsurprising(orsometimesOHenrymeansatofanthementalstatustheofthegreatly,andalsoisbasedcertainintheButthewholeisendowedwithcharmthechangeandcausedalongdeepconsiderationofthearticlekindofendingoftenseenintheOHenryarticles,themostsuccessfulonesareinOarticles.Hisfamousstory,“TheoftheMagiconcernsawhoshortbutwanttobuyeachChristmasgifts.UnbeknownstJim,valuablehair,intobuyaplatinumfobchainforJimwatch;unbeknowntoDella,JimsellsvaluabletobuyjeweledcombsforDellahair.Thearrangedtheplottogetreaderstowait,asuspense,theexcitementoftheoutcome.readersguessingwhatJimandwillbuyeachtheoftheiristhegreatestsuspenseauthorputinhisarticle.theauthorthequestion,hereistheending.AndanotherexampleforhistwistendingTheCopandtheThisisareallyfunnycharacter,ispreparedforcoming—toprison,everytrialfailsheisbythethechurch.Hetomakemanofhimselftheevilthatpossessionofnotuntilanthemisfinished,heis„hopefullyarrestedfordoingnothing.Whenfoolishtolivenewfact5

himtheright,endingthinkingaboutwholeSoapy.theisthetwistnotonlygivereadersbutalsoalot.Thetwisttheofstoryyouwilltore-readentireaftertheending,completelydelightedatinwhichOHenryyou.OHenrymanyreadersofhissurprising3.2HumororiginatesfromthefamouspoetBenJason“Four”theory,isusedsomewarproleinComedyofinElizabetherainEngland.thisterminologyindicatessomecomicalexteriororbehavioralItsistoobtaintheorjokingeffect.AccordingtoJ.R.canbedividedintotypes:1)universalhumor;2)culturehumor;3)humor.InthisIwilltypesofOHenryworksin.3.2.1UniversalhumorUniversalhumor,alsomainlysomeincidentswhichbeunderstoodofForinstance,inwhichachildadult-likestatementanyonegivestheunusualresponseswouldappearinofdifferentcultureareableunderstandkindofevenwithoutanycultureinformation.Itcanbebyexamplesas(1)Illtellyoutherightway.Didyouaoutinpickuptothrowattom-catthatsittingfencelookingathim?hegotathinginthedonthim,andthathedonseethecat.Thatidea.(Telemachus,6

(2)WithaGoodmorning,Pitcher,MaxwellathisasheintendingleapandplungedintoheapoflettersandtelegramsforRomanceofBroker)ThefirstTelemachusexperienceinhowtopickuphandHethatitjustlikeamansneaksouttheyardanduptothrowattom-cat.Henryusesaseriesofsuch“sneak”,“k”“throw”,and“”depictcomicuseof“dash“”insecondparagraphvividlypresentstheabrokerbehaviorjustlikeamachineinfinancialworld.Whilereadingexamplesabove,readerscouldeasilybetweenthelines.3.2.2humorCultureistocultureestablishedformsforhumorousexpression.establishedculturestronginfluenceonintermofwhatat,howtolaughwhytounderoccasions,cannotthespecificcultureForexample:(1)ForhospitableBlackwellbeenhiswinterquarter.JustfellowNewbeenboughttheirticketstoandRiveraeachwinter,humblearrangementsforhishegirato(TheandtheIfnothinghegira,theywillnevercomprehendbetweenthelines.ThewordflightfromMedina622.AD,fromwhichtheMuslimeraisHereinthisOHenrySoapy,homelessthebetweentheproducestheof(2)Now,therearetwopossessionsofthewhichboth7

pride.OneJimgoldthatbeenhisfathershisgrandfathers;otherwasHadofShebaintheacrosstheairshaft,DellaswouldhaveletherhangsomedrydepreciateHersjewelsgift.KingSolomonbeenwithallinJimwouldhavepulledeverytimehejusttohimpluckatfromenvy.TheGiftofChinesemayknowledgeaboutQueenofShebaandSolomon.to(1998),ofShebatoKingwithn—shetoknowwhetherhewasassaidhetheisinofposterityforshebroughther,spices,goldandpreciousstones,giftsthatlendakindoforientalexoticism.ThetextthatshewasbreathlessswisdomadmittedmustbeAndwhetheritwasmindbodyorisseducedThoughhesinmoneyandbrains,gaveinhim.Therefore,QueenofKingknownfortheirmoneybrains.IttoldinExample(2)thatJimsshair,twothingspreciousalltheQueenofShebaandsharpcontrast,humorouseffectproduced.3.2.3.LinguisticHumorlinguisticbydevices,devicesandon.willanalyzedlinguisticinHenryshortfromlexicalwhicharethetypicaltoexplainhistheLevelOHenryisainallkindsofdevicesInthewillonOsoflexicalexpression.8

(1)HeseemeddoomedtolibertyCopandtheInthissentence,doomedisusedinphrase“doomedwhichisfollowedbysuchwordslikedeath,failure,,etc.libertyisafreedomfromslavery,oppressivecontrol.libertycoldnessdeathheisandwinterisTheonlywayoutistobeinprisoncanthewinter.Henryusessuchacollocationtothelifeofinhumorousway.

O(2)Athebeefsteak,flapjacks,doughnuts(TheCoptheAnthem)Theconsumereplacesorhaveinexample.speaking,onlyinformalstylethemeanspeopleeatordrinkeagerlyorinInsentenceOHenryusessuchaformaltoofaWhenthesentencereaderswillfeelthelaughintheSyntacticLevelinstoriesalsointheThroughdeliberateisproduced.Forexample:Swiftandcomprehensiveofmanformaninwilds;instantandspiritualbetweenmotheranbabe;masterthegulfbetweenanimalandimmeasurablyandsapientarebriefmessagesbetweenandButallinstancessetforthslowandgropinginterchangeofinstancewhichRubberneck(ofCircleFromaboveexampleitisthatfirstsentenceoffourinversionswithoutuseoforsubordinatingOHenryuses9

juxtapositionofinversionsswiftofsympathythoughtAllthebreathtakingnarrationthedevelopmentofplotandawiththespeedofinterchangetwosisters.specialstructurecreateinstory.3.3Irony

OemploysIronyisaofofwhichismeaning;thewordssaythinganother(Ross,2007).OHenrygoodatusingironytosomefeaturesofcharacters,totohisWeshouldhisrealmeaningaccordingtowholeandofTheironymakestorieshumorousmoresoitisatypicalwritingskillofOHenry.OusesasthetypicaltheandtakesAmericanNewYorkanexampletoreflecttrulythepoorpeoplehardlifethatusesironicmannertheofsociety,thestrongbetweencivilizationandcivilizationpoliticalcivilization.“confidenceinfromthelowestbuttonofhisvestupward.”sentenceanbutasamatteroffact,Itaforaahappylife,hetodresslike“sethisfacedownMadisonfortheevenabench.”Homebewhereaashelter.ButSoapyhomeisbenchinaparkinstead.IfsupposeitishisthenthethisvividlyandWethenicetiesofironyinhisothershortstories.WhirligigofLifefortheismainlydivorceresumptionofamarriedcouple,RansieBilbrohiswife,ArielaBilbrowenttoJusticeofPeaceBenajaofficesuedivorceTheydissatisfiedandforJusticeofthedivorceformalityaccordingto10

the“equitytheConstitutionandrule”.Theironyheretheessentialoftheinsociety.lawswereforcapitalistsmoney.followingtellwhatironyThebroughtthealimony,whichheistedfromJusticeofthedaytooffice“Andthenwithhis(BenajaWiddupnextherank(asran)witheithercrowdoforofgreat”ThisistothepurposethefollowingwhichareturningpointthewholeTheauthorusesironytothathejustmoney.coupletheystilllovedeachother,gavetheofficerfiveforendingofthestoryquiteforthethreecouplediddivorceandofPeacegothisfiveThisisanartfulinthemakesefforttocharacter3.4TheArt3.4.1TypicalCharactersinHisWorksOHenrycomplicatedlivingexperience,whichenablehimtothelifeoffromdifferentclearly,isreallyaamountforofhiswritinginspirations.hisheportrayedmanydifferentkindsofsuchasabroker;JimDella,animpecuniousNewYorkaselflessoldpainter;Soapy,anstreetloaferon.Thestoriesfromlife,humorousstyleandendingtoexplainwhyshortstillenjoyedthesemanyafterdeath.HisHenryinvariousaspects:originalexaggeration,similemetaphor,humor,(Wang,ischaracterportrayingwhichistheofmakingthestoriesandattractive.theinOHenryshorthavetwo11

features.theofistothehiswritingishumorousalthoughistellussadstories,mixedwithbitterness,smiletears,happiness3.4.2TheUniqueCharacterPortrayingArtRelatingtoHisExperiencementionedinthepreviouschapter,OHenryfromofheinjobs.hethecommonslifestyleverywell.Inhisstory,heportrayedarearangeofaswhite-collarmenartstudents,waiters,girls,crooks.entitledhissecondtheMillionwhichwasacollectionofmanyshortYorkCity.Ineyes,fourswarmingmultitudeswerethesocialofNewYorkCityin“thefourofthecityssocialregisters.HeusedtowanderYorkCity,driftingwiththeintheparkswithacuteeyesear,soundsnuancesofdayonBroadway,inVillage,oronWallsofamiliarwithpeople.wayheinhisgivesthereadertheimpressionthatmeeteveryday.Theyhavenotcharacteristics,wouldtheybetofindinaofpeople.AndsamefeaturecommonThesurprisingpresentsOHenryswritinggenius;humoroususlaughbutintears;theironiccharacterswhatisthelifeofatthattime.ThisOHenry,realintheworld.12

Chapter4ConclusionOaofstory.writingissouniquelikestories.VariouscharacterswerereflectofsocietyatHisfromreallifeweremorerealOHenrynotonlytheexperienceofhisreaders,butrestatedtheveritieswhichpeopletostrivetruthinlife.Hewasunsympathetic,withwhosoughttodep