高考英语二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之四如何理清句间结构之假设

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之（四）如何理清句间结构之假设假设复合句，即前一个分句假设存在或出现了某种情况，后一个分句说出假设情况一旦实现产生的结果。常见的标志性词句：含有if虚拟条件句，assume,suppose等。［高考典例1］2018•北京卷•完形填空TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith£400incashwouldbeasource(来源)oftemptation(诱惑).Butthe__16__wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith17(even)moreremarkable.Afterspottinga18(wallet)onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe19(owner)toreturn.16.A.hope B.aimC.urgeD.effort［分析］由空后的if可知，这是作者做的假设：如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望(urge)无疑会更大。［高考典例2］2015•江苏卷・D篇［5］Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofselfdependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refusedresponsibility;shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.Q:Whatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.”inParagraph5mean?A.Athenswouldcontinuetobefree.B.Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.C.Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.D.FreedomwouldstopAthensfromselfdependence.［分析］由本段内容可知，该句是论点，接下来是论证，最后是总结。论证部分运用if从句进行假设，最后总结出“shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain"，所以只有B项的内容符合。［高考典例3］2013•江苏卷・C篇［4］Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(标本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Q:Rothschild'sfindingstatedinParagraph4.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectives［分析］该段开始部分使用动词assumed提出假设情况，然后用“Instead”转折；由转折后的内容，可以看出Rothschild研究的结果与他之前的假设相反。故选C。［课下语篇提能练］ 30分钟I.阅读理解ABestSmartphoneGamesToPutYourBrainToTestIamafanofbloodsheddingMMORPGs.ButsometimesIplaybraingames.Herearefourgamesforyouthatwillsurelyputyourbraintotest.RealChessChesshasbeenburstingbrainsforover14centuries,andthisvirtualvariantofchessreallybringsanewtaste.It'sa3Dvirtualchessthatletsyouplaywithusersfromallaroundtheworld.Youcanchatwithopponents,playwithAI,getnewbietipsandmuchmore.Theanimationsand3Dstructuresarereallycoolaswell.JuiceCubesJuiceCubesisalightandcolorfulgamefulloffruityjuicecubesthatyouneedtoconnecttopopandclearlevels.Therearemultipletypesofchallenges,powerups,andover550+levelstokeepyouaddicted.Itmightseemeasyatthestart,butitwillburstyourbrainwhenyoureachhigherlevels.WordBrain2Areallyfunwordgamewhereyouneedtoguesswordsbasedonthenumberoflettersprovided.Eachwordpuzzlehasathemecategory,suchasfood,humanbody,color,orevenspace.Andyoucanalsousehintstosolvethelevelwhenyougetstuck.Yourvocabularyissuretobechallengedinit.PuzzleramaPuzzleramabasicallyjoinssomeofthetoppuzzlesinonesingleapp,makingitaperfectappforpuzzlelovers.Itletsyouplaypopularpuzzlegamessuchasflow,jigsaw,unblock,pipes,tangram,andmore.Therearehundredsoflevelsavailableforeachpuzzletypeandthingsgetreallytoughasyouadvance.Thegameinterfaceisalsoverycolorful,andsmoothanimationsmakethegamefuntoplay.语篇解读：最好的智能手机游戏能用来测试你的大脑。本文介绍了四种能测试你的大脑的游戏。1.WhatisspecialaboutRealChess?A.Itisalightandcolorfulgame.B.Itisafunnywordgame.C.Itisa3Dvirtualchessgame.D.Ithashundredsoflevels.解析：选C细节理解题。根据RealChess中的“It'sa3Dvirtualchessthatletsyouplaywithusersfromallaroundtheworld.”可知，RealChess是一个3D虚拟象棋游戏。故选C。2.Ifyou'regoodatguessingwords,whichgameisthebestchoice?A.RealChess. B.JuiceCubes.C.WordBrain2.D.Puzzlerama.解析：选C细节理解题。根据WordBrain2中的“Areallyfunwordgamewhereyouneedtoguesswordsbasedonthenumberoflettersprovided”可知，如果你擅长猜词，最好的选择就是WordBrain2。故选C。3.Whichgamesarelikelytohavebrightanddifferentcolorsintheinterfacedesign?

RealChess&WordBrain2.JuiceCubes&WordBrain2.WordBrain2&Puzzlerama.Puzzlerama&JuiceCubes.解析：选D细节理解题。根据JuiceCubes中“JuiceCubesisalightandcolorfulgamefulloffruityjuicecubesthatyouneedtoconnecttopopandclearlevels”和Puzzlerama中“Thegameinterfaceisalsoverycolorful,andsmoothanimationsmakethegamefuntoplay.“可知Puzzlerama&JuiceCubes的用户交互界面色彩鲜明。故选D。B（2019•郑州第三次质量预测）USstudentVanessaTahaystandsoutfromtheotherteenagersinherschool.Herskinisdarkandheraccentisthick.Ifyouaskher,shewilltellyouthesearethethingssheisproudestof.Tahayisapoet,andat18shewasconsideredamongthebestinLosAngeles.Whensheisonthestage,audiencesoftengosilent.Theyalsolaugh,shoutandcry.Butthisdoesn'tcomeeasilyforsomeonewhocomesfromavillagethatsitsatthebaseofahugemountainrangeinCentralAmerica.Whenshefirstappearedatschool,shewasteasedbyothersforbeingshortanddifferent.Sheneverspoke,sotheycalledher“mouse”.“HowdoIdefendmyself?”Tahaythought.“Idon'tknowhow.”“Keepgoing,”hermotherwouldtellher.“Atsomepoint,you'lllearn.”ShespenthoursafterschoolandonweekendswatchingthesameDVD:EnglishWithoutBarriers.Tahay'selderbrother,Emer,persuadedhertogototheafterschoolpoetryclub.Inthelastsixyears,herEnglishteacherLaurieKurnickhasturnedClevelandCharterHighSchool'spoetryprogramintooneofthemostrespectedinthecity.HerteamdrawsfromthelikesofD.H.Laurence,PatMoraandKendrickLamartocreatepoemsabouttheirownlives.Thepoemsfocusonmanythings—somefunny,somepainful.ThefirsttimeTahayreadthegroup'spoems,shewaswildwithjoy."IwishIcouldwritelikethat,shethought.“Iwanttosaysomething.”ShewroteherfirstpoemaboutherfirstyearinAmerica.ShecalleditInvisible.Thedayherturncametorecitepoemsinfrontoftheteam,shebrokedowncrying.Shecriedfor15minutes.Ihadsomuchheldin,”Tahaysaid.“Icouldn'tevenfinishit.”Butshekeptatitdespiteherlessthanperfectgrammar,spellinganddiction（措辞）.Still,shewouldn'ttellherfriendsaboutherpoetrybecausesheworriedtheywouldmakefunofher.Butwithtime,herpoemschangedher."Theygavemepride,”Tahaysaid."TheytoldmethatI'mworthsomething.”“Shehadthisinnocence,”Kurnicksaid.“Thiswillingnesstobegenuineshowsyouthingsyoudon'teversee.”4.A.4.A.B.C.D.WhatdidTahay'smothersuggestshedowhenshewasteasedbyothers?Fightwiththembravely.Reportthemtoherteachers.Ignorethemandkeepgoing.Tryhardtomakefriendswiththem.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段中的‘Keepgoing,‘hermotherwouldtellher."可知，C项符合题意。WhatarethethemesofLaurieKurnickandherteam'spoems?Theiradmirationforthegreatpoets.Theirappreciationofnaturalbeauty.Theirexpectationsofabetterfuture.Funnyandpainfulstoriesabouttheirlives.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第六段中的“tocreatepoemsabouttheirownlives.Thepoemsfocusonmanythings—somefunny,somepainful.”可知，他们的诗歌主题是他们生活中有趣的和痛苦的故事，故选D。HowdidTahayprobablyfeelwhenshefirstreadthegroup'spoems?A.Shewascold.B.Shewasexcited.C.Shewasnervous.D.Shewasfrightened.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第七段中的“shewaswildwithjoy.'IwishIcouldwritelikethat,‘shethought.”可知，她很兴奋，她希望她能像他们一样写诗，故选B。HowdidTahaybenefitfromwritingpoems?Shefeltmoreconfidentaboutherself.Shewonmanynationalpoetrycompetitions.Shebecamethefirststudentpoetinthecity.D.Sheimprovedhergrammarandspellinggreatly.解析：选A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，随着时间的流逝，诗歌改变了她，给了她信心，告诉她她是有价值的。故选A。CWhenIwasasmallboy,Inoticedthatthoughmanyoftheadultsaroundmewerewealthyandeducated,theywerenotalwayshappyandthissometimesledthemtobehaveinways,whichI,asachild,thoughtstrange.Asaresultofthat,Idecidedtotrytounderstandwhathappinesswasandhowbesttoachieveit.Itwasnotsurprising,then,thatIdecidedtostudypsychology.Onarrivalattheuniversity,Iwasdisappointedtofindthatacademicpsychologistsweretryingtounderstandhumanbehaviourbystudyingratsinalab.Ifeltthattheremustbeothermoreusefulwaysoflearninghowwethinkandfeel.Idecidedtobuildmycareerontryingtodiscoverwhatmadeothershappy.Istartedoutbystudyingcreativepeoplesuchasmusicians,artistsandathletesbecausetheywerepeoplewhodevotedtheirlivestodoingwhattheywantedtodo,ratherthanthingsthatjustbroughtthemfinancialrewards.Later,Iexpandedthestudybyinventingasystemcalled“theexperiencesamplingmethod”.Ordinarypeoplewereaskedtokeepanelectronicpager（传呼机）foraweekwhichgaveoutabeepingsoundeighttimesaday.Everytimeitdidso,theywrotedownwheretheywere,whattheyweredoing,howtheyfeltandhowmuchtheywereconcentrating.Thissystemhasnowbeenusedonmorethan10,000people,andtheanswersareconsistent:aswithcreativepeople,ordinarypeoplearehappiestwhenconcentratinghard.Ifoundthatthemostobviouscauseofhappinessisintenseconcentration.Thismustbethemainreasonwhyactivitiessuchasmusic,art,literature,sportsandotherformsofleisurehavesurvived.Inordertoconcentrate,whetheryou'rereadingapoemorbuildingasandcastle,whatyouneedisachallengethatmatchesyourability.Thewaytoremaincontinuallyhappy,therefore,istokeepfindingnewopportunitiestoimproveyourskills.Thismaymeanlearningtodoyourjobbetterorfaster,ordoingothermoredifficultjobs.Asyougrowolder,youhavetofindnewchallengeswhicharemoreappropriatetoyourage.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者经过研究发现人的幸福感来源于做事情的专注度。Whatledtheauthortostudypsychology?Hisdeterminationtobecomerich.Hisobservationofadults.Hisunhappychildhood.Hisinterestinstrangers.解析：选B推理判断题。第一段提到作者小时候看到周围富有且受过教育的成年人并不总是快乐的，因而决定找到使人们获得快乐的途径，由此可推断：他对成年人的观察促使他学习心理学。Whoweretheauthor'sstudysubjectsatthestartofhiscareer?Peoplehavingdeepaffectionfortheircareer.Peopleveryawareoftheirpersonallife.Peoplesuccessfulinacquiringwealth.Peoplewithmorefreedom.解析：选A推理判断题。由第二段中的“Istartedoutbystudying...whodevotedtheirlivestodoingwhattheywantedtodo”可知，作者开始选择的研究对象是热爱自己事业的人。Theauthorusedhissystemtoshowthat.people'shappinessdependsonwhotheyarewithpeoplearehappierwhentheyfocusonanactivitycreativepeoplearehappierthanordinarypeopleordinarypeoplefindithardtoconcentrate解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段中的“aswithcreativepeople,ordinarypeoplearehappiestwhenconcentratinghard”可知，作者采取经验取样法研究发现：普通人和有创造性的人一样，他们在集中精神做事情的时候最快乐。Accordingtothetext,peopleconcentratemorewhentheyaredoing.A.somethingstrangeandenjoyableB.somethingdifficultbutpossibleC.thingsappropriatetotheiragesD.manythingsatthesametime解析：选B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“intenseconcentration”及“challengethatmatchesyourability”等可知，人们在做具有一定难度但又是自己能力所及的事情时精神最集中。II.阅读七选五Chinahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld'sgreatestinventions.Itwas,forexample,thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoins,peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.1__Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering（以物易物）.2__In1200BC,peopleinChinabegantouseshells（贝壳）asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances,andallowedfortradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinve