Unit4 单元词汇讲解课件-2022-2023学年高中英语外研版(2019)选择性必修第三册

单词课堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研册别单元：选择性必修三Unit41.artificial词块：artificialintelligence(AI),anartificialsmile2.humanityhuman(n人)+-ity(集合名词后缀)3.assistantassist(v

帮助、协助)+-ant(名词后缀：表示人)词块：ateaching/shopassistant词族：assist,assistance,assistant4.victim词块：fallvictimto/becomeavictimto5.potentiallypotential(adj

潜在的)+-ly(副词后缀)6.automationautomatic(adj自动的)+-ion(名词后缀)7.capacitycap(tohold容纳)+-acity(……的能力)→容纳……的能力(基本义)词块：havethecapacitytodo/for(doing)sth本单元词汇梳理8.analyseanalysis(n分析)—analyseana-(完全)+lyse(解开)→(将事物)完全解开→分析词块：analysethedata9.regulateregul(rule规则)

+-ate(动词后缀)→使有规则→控制；管理同根词：regular派生词：regulation10.illegalil-(not)+legal(adj合法的)词块：it’sillegal(forsb)todosth词族：legal,legally,illegal,illegally11.immoralim-(not)+moral(adj

道德的)词块：it’simmoraltodosth词族：moral,immoral,morally,immorally12.clientclient来自拉丁语clientem。在古罗马时期，clientem指的是置身于某一贵族保护下的平民。作为代价，这些平民必须服从贵族，听候贵族的差遣，因此被称为clientem，意思是“服从者、追随者”。刚进入英语时，client专指律师的客户，因为在法律事务上，客户必须听从律师的建议，就像是古代平民听从贵族的命令一样。随后，client还可指医生、咨询顾问等专业人士的客户，他们通常会尊重并听从这些专业人士的建议。13.citecite指提及原因或举出示例，quote只用于举例；cite较quote正式，常用于较正式的场合中，如说明法律案件。14.assessassess精准的汉语释义：①“评”价，强调定性②估“算”，强调定量；派生词：assessment15.horizon词块：onthehorizon,broadenone’shorizon16.reckon非正式用语(对应think)17.cellcell原义为“连在一起的小房间”，比如修道院中修道士或修女住的房间、监狱里的房间、蜂巢中的蜂室。1665年，英国物理学家罗伯特·虎克在用自制显微镜观察软木切片时，发现里面有很多像蜂窝一样的小室，他将其称为cell（细胞）。实际上，他所看到的是死去的植物细胞的细胞壁，而第一个发现活细胞的科学家是安东·范·列文虎克。手机以前叫做cellularphone，缩写为cellphone，这是因为移动通信网络是蜂窝式结构的。不过现在通常叫做mobilephone（移动电话）。18.bound词块：beboundto(dosth),beboundfor19.cycle名词动词化“(使)循环”“骑自行车/摩托车”词族：cycle,cycling,recycle,cyclist,recycling,recyclable20.demandde-(completely完全)+mand(to

order命令、要求)词块：meet/satisfythedemandof,supplyanddemand,indemand,demandtodosth,demandthatsb(should)dosth派生词：demanding21.wavelength合成词：wave(n

波)+length(n

长度)22.mechanicalmechanic+-al；同源词：machine23.tightlytight(adj紧的)+-ly24.desperatede-(without没有)+sper(hope希望)+-ate(形容词后缀)→没有希望的；一词多义，基本义：绝望的词块：adesperateattempt,bedesperateforsth/todosth派生词：desperately,desperation；同根词：despair25.clue词块：aclueto/about/astosth26.faultyfault(n故障)+-y(有……特征的)27.consistentcon-(together一起)+sist(tostand站立)+-ent(形容词后缀)→一起站立的→一致的；始终如一的同根词：assist,resist词块：beconsistentwithsthassessbounddemand一词多义英语释义一词多义desperate搭配义精准的汉语释义搭配义consistent常见的否定前缀重难点词精讲tight

&

tightly一词多义capacity一词多义capacityn

[C]&[U]［常用单数］容量thegreatestamountthatacontainerorspacecanhold：awaterbottlewithacapacityof1literTheBeijingNationalStadium,alsoknownasthe“Bird’sNest”,hasacapacityof80,000.

[C]&[U]［常用单数］领悟/理解/办事能力theabilitytounderstandordosth：Childrenhavearemarkablecapacitytolearn/forlearninglanguages.Shehasanenormouscapacityforhardwork.

[U]［单数］产能theamountthatafactoryormachine,etc.canproduce：Atfullcapacity,China’sfactoriesareonlyabletoproducearound20millionmasksaday.构词：cap(tohold容纳)+-acity(……的能力)→容纳……的能力capacity语义网络图容纳……的能力capacity基本义“容纳”知识/事件的“能力”工厂或机器所能“容纳”的生产“能力”领悟/理解/办事能力产能容量“容纳”人/事物的“能力”评价；评定assess估算；估价assessvt

评价；评定tomakeajudgementaboutapersonorsituation(judge)：It’sdifficulttoassesstheimpactofthePresident’sspeech.Manyoftheadultswereassessedashavinglearningdifficulties.

估算；估价tocalculatethevalueorcostofsth(estimate)：Damagetothebuildingwasassessedat£40,000.►assessmentn[C]&[U]评定；评价；估价；估算精准的汉语释义：“评”价，强调定性精准的汉语释义：估“算”，强调定量assess小结assess

评价；评定强调“定性”，与judge同义，后面不接具体的数字。估算；估价强调“定量”，与estimate同义，后面往往接具体的数字或howmuch等。温故知新根据所给汉语，完成句子。Somethinggood__________________________（一定会）to

happen

intheendwhenyoudonotgiveup!iscertain/sure/boundboundboundadj［无比较级和最高级，不用于名词前］

必定的；一定的certaintodosth：(be)boundtodosth:You’vedonesomuchworkthatyou’reboundtopasstheexam.

准备/正在到……去的；（车、船等）开往……的：aParis-boundplane(be)boundfor:ThetrainisboundforShanghai.vi

跳跃；跳跃着前进：Pollycameboundingintotheroomholdingaletter.boundn［复数］限制范围；界限：gobeyond/withinthebounds

[C]一跳by/inleapsandbounds迅速地；突飞猛进地：Julie’sreadingisimprovinginleapsandbounds.demand■

vt（坚决）要求

toaskforsthfirmly：Taylorwasabletodemandveryhighpayforhermovies.①demandtodosth:Shedemandedtoseethemanager.②demand+that...(should)dosth:Herteachersdemandedthatshewearlongerskirts.

需要toneedsthinordertobedonesuccessfully：Thisworkdemandscareandpatience.注意英语释义虚拟语气：从句谓语动词用shoulddo,should可省略demand构词：de-(completely完全)+mand(toorder命令)→

完全命令→(坚决)要求

注：不能说demandsbtodosth

■

n[C]要求astrongrequestororderthatmustbeobeyed：ademandforhigherwages

meet/satisfythedemandsofthecustomers(=togivethemwhattheyareaskingfor)

[C]&[U]需要；需求thedesireorneedforsth/sbamongagroupofpeople：supplyanddemandDuetopopulardemand,awritingprojectwillbestartedforeagerbeginners.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.2018浙江indemand非常需要的；受欢迎的：Whilemodelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto,thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.

ondemand[正式用语]一经要求【词汇拓展】demandingadj（工作等）要求高的；费力的needingalotofeffort,skill,care,etc.：Hedecidedtoquithishighly-paidbutdemandingjobrecently.Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding.（人）要求严格的；苛求的alwayswantingattentionorexpectingveryhighstandardsofpeople：ademandingbossdemandvsrequiredemand

toaskforsthveryfirmly指强烈要求、坚决要求Shedemandedanimmediateexplanation.require

(oftenpassive)(ratherformal)tomakesbdoorhavesth,especiallybecauseitisnecessaryaccordingtoalaworsetofrulesorstandards指要求做（某事）、达到（某水平），尤指根据法规或规定Allcandidateswillberequiredtotakeashorttest.可以借助英语释义辨析。Amanvisitingagraveyardsawatombstonethatreads,“HereliesJohnKelly,alawyerandanhonestman.”“Howaboutthat!”heexclaimed.

“Moneyisso

tight

thatthey’vegotthreepeopleburiedinonegrave!”

AJoketight&tightlytight的基本义为“紧的”。tightadj

紧的；绷紧的反

loose：ThedrawerissotightthatIcan’topenit.Sheiswearingatightpairofjeans.（时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的：Ican’tseeyounextweekbecausethescheduleisverytight.Therewasatightgroupofpeoplearoundthespeaker.Moneywasalwaystight,butwehadaroofoverourheads,foodonthetable,clothesonourbacks.

tightly构词：tight+-ly时间、空间、经济等“紧的”具体事物之间“紧的”tightly来自tight，学tightly之前需要先学习tight（关系）紧密的：atightcommunity严格的：Theairportsecurityisverytight.adv

紧紧地；充分地：Shutthedoortight.Sleeptight!词汇拓展►tightenvi&vt（使）变紧；（使）加紧关系“紧的”要求等“紧的”tight语义网络图紧的；绷紧的（时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的具体事物之间“紧的”（关系）紧密的要求等“紧的”严格的时间、空间、经济等“紧的”关系“紧的”紧的

tight基本义desperate

adj

绝望的；危急的：Iwassodesperateonhearingthat.2008湖北不顾一切的；铤而走险的；孤注一掷的：adesperateattemptDoctorswerefightingadesperatebattletosavethelittlegirl’slife.极度渴望的；极需要的：Themanlostinthedesertwasdesperateforwater.词汇拓展►desperatelyadv

绝望地；非常构词：de-

(without没有)+sper(hope希望)+-ate

(形容词后缀)→没有希望的，其基本义即为“绝望的”desperate词源解读因“绝望”所以不顾一切想摆脱“绝望的”困境而极需某物consistentcon-(together一起)+sist(tostand站立)+-ent(形容词后缀)→一起站立的→一致的；始终如一的同根词：assist:as-(to到)+sist(tostand站)→站到某人身边→帮助；协助resist:

re-(against对抗)+sist(tostand站)

→站起来对抗→抗拒；抵抗consistentadj（人、言行、文章等）前后一致的；始终如一的；连续的:Makesurethatthetensesareconsistent.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.2020山东beconsistentwithsth与某物相一致；与某物相吻合：Whatwesayshouldbeconsistentwithwhatwedo.词汇拓展consistentlyadv

始终如一地；一贯地否定前缀原词否定legal合法的

moral道德的

aware意识到的

agree同意

understand理解

在英语中可以在单词的词首加一个表示否定的前缀，变成该词的反义词。常见的否定前缀有：un-、in-、dis-、mal-、mis-、non-等等。掌握不同的否定前缀，可以推断出大量的派生词词义。在表格中的单词前加上表示否定意义的前缀，并说出其汉语释义。illegalimmoralunawaredisagreemisunderstand违法的不道德的没意识到的不同意误解常见的否定前缀例词词缀含义dis-（常加在名词、形容词、动词前）discomfort,dishonest,dislike“非”、“无”、“不”、“未”等in-（常加在形容词、名词、副词前）im-（常加在以字母m-、p-开头的形容词前）in-:inexpensive,

incorrectim-:impossible,impoliteil-:illegal,illogical,ir:irregularil-（常加在以字母l-开头的形容词前）ir-（常加在以字母r-开头的形容词前）un-（常加在形容词、副词、名词前）unusual,unhappinessnon-（常加在名词、形容词、副词前）nonsense,nonstopmis-（常加在动词、名词前）misjudge,misfortune知识梳理本单元金句汇总1.Childrenhavearemarkablecapacitytolearn/forlearninglanguages.2.It’sdifficulttoassesstheimpactofthePresident’sspeech.3.You’vedonesomuchworkthatyou’reboundtopasstheexam.4.Julie’sreadingisimprovinginleapsandbounds.5.Herteachersdemandedthatshewearlongerskirts.6.Moneywasalwaystight,butwehadaroofoverourheads,foodonthetable,clothesonourbacks.2008浙江7.Themanlostinthedesertwasdesperateforwater.8.Whatwesayshouldbeconsistentwithwhatwedo.随堂检测一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Thefueltank（油箱）hasacapacity

of40litres.___________2.Thecompanyhasthecapacitytobuild15,000trucksayear.___________3.Thetheatrehasaseatingcapacityof2,000.___________二、根据所给词块，将句子译成英语。作为一个高中生，你必须有沟通和解决问题的能力。(havethecapacitytodosth)_______________________________________________________capacity容量产能能容纳Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,youmusthavethecapacitytocommunicateandsolveproblems.assess一、根据句意，选出下列句子中assess的汉语释义。

评价；评定估算；估价1.UsetheinformationbelowtoassesshowmuchmoneyDaveandJanewillbeabletogivetocharity. ____________2.Iwasdeterminedtobeassessed

asamusician,notasadeafmusician,andIappliedtothefamousRoyalAcademyofMusicinLondon.

____________二、根据句意，选出下列句子中assess的近义词。1.Ourhouseisassessed

at$200,000butit’sonly2,100squarefeet(judged/estimated) ____________2.Thisexamisatooltohelpmeandyouassesshowwellyouarelearningthecoursematerial.(judge/estimate) ____________

estimated

judge写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Whenyouaredealingwithsomanypatients,mistakesareboundtohappen. ___________2.WetriedtogetseatsonaRome-boundflight. ___________3.Heboundedupthestepsandpushedthebellofthedoor. ___________4.Herhealthhasimprovedinleapsandbounds. ___________5.TheplaneisboundforTokyo. ___________肯定会发生/在所难免

开往罗马的

跳上bound迅速开往……demand一、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrella_____________（需要时）.2._______________________________________（应观众的强烈要求）,theplaywillbeputoninthetheatretwiceaweek.3.TheHarryPotterbooksarequitepopular;theyare_______________（大受欢迎）inthiscity.4.Itisself-evidentthatwewillneverhaveenoughresourcesto__________________（满足需求）.ondemand

Inresponsetotheaudience’sgreatdemandingreatdemandmeetthedemand二、翻译下列句子。1.如有任何需要，我很乐意帮忙。

___________________________________________________2.在中国对理科毕业生的需求大于文科毕业生。

___________________________________________________3.这位老师要求学生们准时到校。___________________________________________________4.法律规定必须系安全带。___________________________________________________

Sciencegraduatesareingreaterdemandthanartsonesin

China.

Youarerequiredbylawtowearaseatbelt.Theteacherdemandedthatthestudents(should)beontimetoeveryclass.Ifthereisanydemand,Iwouldbeveryhappytohelp.一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Myshoesweresotight

thatIcouldhardlywalk. __________2.Timeistight,andshehasanothermeetingtogotothisafternoon. __________3.Together,theyoungfilm-makersformedatightgroup. __________4.Annawasdeterminedtokeepatighthold

onherfeelings.________