高三英语二轮复习阅读指导主旨大意题讲义

专攻解题方法与技巧英语阅读指导-主旨大意主旨大意题是阅读理解中学生失分最多的题目，因为该类题目不仅考查略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对归纳概括能力提出了较高的要求。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。一、了解题型特点与设问方式[命题解读]1．主旨大意题考查的是对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题分为标题归纳类和文章大意类。2．标题归纳类要求学生选出文章的最佳标题，文章大意类(内容)考查文章或段落的主旨大意。[题型特点]1．把握主旨大意题常见的设问方式。Thebesttitleforthepassageis________．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?Thepassageismainlyabout________．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?2．掌握主旨大意题的考查角度。(1)高频考点：标题归纳题、文章大意题。(2)低频考点：段落大意题。二、掌握主旨大意题的解题捷径——熟知主旨大意题的解题捷径——题型特点解题捷径主题类(内容)考查文章或段落的主旨大意找主题句四窍门：①段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however、but、infact、actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。②首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。③作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。④表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore、thus、inshort、conclude、conclusion等词标题类要求选出文章的最佳标题文章标题三特点：①形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多。②短小精悍，精确性强。③涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意——明了主旨大意题的正确选项和干扰选项的特征——正确选项特征干扰选项特征1．涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段2．确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小3．精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点移花接木，偷换概念所给选项，命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析，会发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系——破解主旨大意题的三大类型——类型1标题归纳题标题归纳题要求在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强(不改变原文的意义和感情色彩)，覆盖性强(能概括全文并体现文章的主旨)理解标题的3大特点巧用三大方法确定文章标题(1)正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。(2)反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想如果它们作标题写出来的文章将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除不符选项。(3)研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等[典例](2022·全国乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand，atthesametime，helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear？Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh­tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected，themorerailwaysafety，reliabilityandon­timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies，dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher­valueservicesforrailways，detectingfaultsintherailorswitches，beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks，dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain，andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco­pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead，theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothatfast­movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.31．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways[解题示范]第一步：读文章，理清结构eq\x(Part1presentaproblem)eq\x(\a\al(Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailways,and，atthesametime，helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear？))eq\x(Part2Solvetheproblem)Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.eq\x(Part3Evaluatetheprogram)Byusingthelatesttechnologies，dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher­valueservicesforrailways，detectingfaultsintherailorswitches，beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.第二步：析选项，斟酌判断A无人机可以检测到哪些故障本文在最后一段提到检测到故障，但文中说在“轨道或开关出现任何安全问题之前”B如何扩大无人机生产文中并未提到扩大无人机生产C无人机发展将面临什么困难文中并未提到无人机发展的困难D无人机将如何改变铁路的未来从无人机在铁路领域的应用的介绍以及对未来无人机的发展展望可知，在未来，无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，或许会成为铁路安全的新未来。此标题全面、精炼地概括了文章内容第三步：对比选项得出答案[答案]D类型2文章大意题文章大意是作者在文章中所要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心思想，也是作者在文章中通过行文逻辑和各种细节来阐明的中心话题。应掌握寻找文章主题的三个小窍门，快速确定文章大意主题句法解答文章大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句：eq\x(主题句是文章首句)①新闻报道类文章首句是主题句②首句语言精炼，中间段多角度说明论证，且与尾段句子相呼应，则首句是文章主题句eq\x(主题句在文末)eq\x(夹叙夹议类文章，文末的议论部分隐含主题句)eq\x(主题句在段中)eq\x(文章首段是举例子或谈论个别现象时，主题句则在后面的段落出现)eq\x(最后观点为主题句)eq\x(文章中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，则最后出现的观点为主题句)(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句：转折词如but、however、infact、actually等，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点总结词如therefore、thus、inshort、conclude等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题句疑问句若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题句高频词法若全文无明显主题句，我们可以利用文章中的高频词找出文章的主题句。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章最明显的特点之一是文中有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住它，便容易抓住文章的中心逆向思维法在两个选项看上去都十分正确且无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容相比较，接近的即为正确选项[典例](2021·全国甲卷)WhenIwas9，wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow，LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue­skydays，Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank，ataneasternbendintheThames，isthecenterofBritishskateboarding，wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once，whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(横杆)，Ifellontothestones，damaginganerveinmyhand，andTobycameover，helpingmeup：Safe，man.Safe.Afewminuteslater，whenIlandedthetrick，myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud，shouting:“Safe！Safe！Safe！”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks，beingagoodskater.WhenIwas15，myfamilymovedtoWashington.Itriedskateboardingthere，butthelocalswerefarlesswelcoming.Withinacoupleofyears，I'dgivenitup.WhenIreturnedtoLondonin2004，IfoundmyselfwanderingdowntoSouthbank，spendinghoursthere.I'vetraveledbackseveraltimessince，mostrecentlythispastspring.Thedaywascoldbutclear；touristsandLondonersstoppedtowatchtheskaters.Weaving(穿梭)amongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards，Ifoundmywaytothebeam.Thenarail­thinteenager，inabaggywhiteT­shirt，skidded(滑)uptothebeam.Hesatnexttome.Heseemednottonoticethemannexttohim.ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances.“Iwasalocalhere20yearsago，”Itoldhim.Then，slowly，hebegantonodhishead.“Safe，man.Safe.”“Yeah，”Isaid.“Safe.”31.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext？A.Childrenshouldlearnasecondlanguage.B．Sportisnecessaryforchildren'shealth.C.Childrenneedasenseofbelonging.D．Seeingtheworldisamustforchildren.续上表[解题示范]第一步：读文章，概括文意eq\x(Part1Paragraph1：WhenIwas9，wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow，LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.eq\x(Part2Tellthedevelopmentofthestory)Paragraph2：Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite：Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.eq\x(Part3Telltheendofthestory)Paragraph3：WhenIwas15，myfamilymovedtoWashington.Paragraph4：ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances.“Iwasalocalhere20yearsago，”Itoldhim.Then，slowly，hebegantonodhishead.“Safe，man.Safe.”eq\x(Paragraph5：“Yeah，”Isaid.“Safe.”)第二步：析选项，斟酌判断A儿童应当学习第二外语。文中没有这种说法无中生有，生搬硬套B体育运动对儿童健康是非常必要的。文中虽提到了滑板运动，但并未涉及滑板运动对健康的作用无中生有，曲解文意C儿童需要归属感。文章描述了作者通过滑板运动融入新生活、结交当地人的经历，表达了归属感、集体感对于儿童的必要性，因此该选项符合文章主旨涵盖性强，覆盖全文D看世界对于儿童来说是件必要的事情。文中没有这种说法无中生有，生搬硬套第三步：对比选项得出答案[答案]C类型3段落大意题段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对某个段落基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来定位段落主题句，首尾兼顾定段意常用的写作架构每一文段都要围绕一个特定的主题，按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以段落的结构也有一定的规律性。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即问题所涉及段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高eq\x(总分式（总分/总分总）)eq\x(段落首句为主题句，段落其他各句是例子或论证)eq\x(分总式)eq\x(段落开头是举例子或层层推进的论述，段尾才是段落主题句)eq\x(分总分式)段落开头列举具体事例，通过事例得出结论，这个结论就是段落主题句，后面的内容只是继续或拓展该结论eq\x(无主题句式)eq\x(段落虽无主题句，但可通过一些关键词或相似结构归纳出段落主题句)续上表[典例]（2021·全国乙卷）Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone，whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）？Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere，anytime.24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones？A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.[解题示范]第一步：首尾兼顾定段意根据第二段中的“Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone”以及“Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere，anytime”可知，移动电话在澳大利亚几乎随处可见，即本段主要谈及移动电话在澳大利亚的普及程度。第二步：析选项，斟酌判断A它们的目标用户。文中提到了年轻人，但他们并不是用于介绍移动电话的目标用户以偏概全，曲解文意B它们广泛的普及度。本段主旨就是举例说明手机在澳大利亚非常普遍，该项是对本段内容的精炼总结和概括涵盖性强，覆盖全段C它们的主要功能。原文未提及相关内容无中生有，生搬硬套D它们复杂的设计。原文未提及相关内容无中生有，生搬硬套第三步：对比选项得出答案[答案]BA（2022·长沙新高考适应性考试）Morethan45，000yearsago，bytheshoreofpresent­dayTasmania，alocalpersonpickedupalargepieceofthick，darkbrownseaweed.Andherealizedthatthisgiantpieceofseaweedcouldbeusedtomakeawatertightbag.And45，000yearslaterinmainlandAustralia，peopleareagainturningtoseaweedtosolvepressingproblems.Today，itisusedtoaddresstheworld'sclimatecrisis.Winberg，amarineecologistattheUniversityofWollongong，hasspentdecadesstudyingseaweed.Shebelievesseaweed'sfastgrowthrateandabilitytoabsorbvastamountsofcarbondioxidecanhelpfightclimatechange，deacidifytheocean，andchangethewaywefarm，notonlyintheoceanbutalsoonland.“Ifweusedtheinfrastructurewehaveintheoceanandcreatedseaweedislands，wewouldactuallygetridofmanyclimatechangeissueswehavetoday，”saysWinberg.Realizingseaweed'spotentialasaclimatesolution，WinbergopenedAustralia'sfirstland­based，commercialseaweedfarmin2013.OnherfarminNewSouthWales，Winbergproducesseaweedextracts（提取物）thatareusedinfood，cosmeticsandmedicines.Likeplantsonland，seaweedabsorbsCO2andgrowsbiomass（生物量）.Coastalmarinesystemscanabsorbcarbonatratesupto50timesgreaterthanforestsonland，accordingtoEmilyPidgeon，seniordirectorofstrategicmarineinitiativesatConservationInternational.Globally，seaweedisthoughttoabsorbnearly200milliontonsofCO2everyyear—asmuchasNewYorkState'sannualemissions.Andwhenseaweeddies，muchofthecarbonlockedupinitstissuesistransportedtothedeepocean.ByraisingpHlevelsintheocean，seaweedalsoimprovesgrowingconditionsforshellfishsuchasoystersandmussels，whoseshellsbecomemorefragile（脆弱的）inacidicenvironments.Thepotentialforseaweedcultivationdoesn'tstopintheocean.Winberghasfoundtherearebenefitsofdoingitonlandtoo.Shebelievesthatseaweedfarmingoffers“hugepotential”tonotonlyaddresstheclimatecrisis，butalsofeedagrowingpopulationinasustainableway.AccordingtoWinberg，onehectare（公顷）ofaseaweedfarmcanproducemoreproteinthanthesameamountoflandusedforcattle.“We'resittingonundiscovered，renewable，sustainableresources，”shesays.【语篇解读】45000多年前，人类发现海藻可以用来做防水袋。现在人们可以用海藻来解决世界上的气候问题。1.WhatismainlyintroducedaboutseaweedinParagraph1？A.Itsuse.B.Itshistory.C.Itsorigin.D.Itsappearance.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，45000多年前，人类发现了海藻可以用来做防水袋。45000年后它被用来解决“pressingproblems”，如今它被用来解决世界上的气候危机。故可知该段主要介绍了海藻的用途。故A项正确。答案：A2.Whyisseaweedspokenhighlyofaccordingtothetext？A.Itlowerstheoceantemperaturedirectly.B.Itcontributestoshellfish'sgrowingspeed.C.Itproducesthesameamountofproteinascattle.D.Itgrowsfastandcanabsorbcarbonatahighrate.解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“Shebelieves...onland”可知海藻生长速度快，能吸收大量二氧化碳；根据第四段内容可知，沿海海洋系统吸收碳的速度高达陆地森林的50倍。由此可推知，海藻生长迅速，并且能以很高的速度吸收碳。故D项正确。答案：D3.WhatisWinberg'sattitudetowardsseaweed？A.Unclear.B.Favorable.C.Critical.D.Doubtful.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Shebelieves...butalsoonland”，第三段中的“Ifweused...saysWinberg”和第六段中的“Shebelieves...asustainableway”可知，Winberg对海藻持支持态度。答案：B4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.CO2，aKillerofClimateChangeB.Pollution，theWorld'sClimateCrisisC.Seaweed，aPotentialClimateSolutionD.Infrastructure，aWayofEliminatingClimateIssues解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段的最后一句“Today，itisusedtoaddresstheworld'sclimatecrisis”可知，现在人们可以用海藻来解决世界上面临的气候问题。由此可知，C项“海藻，一种潜在的气候解决方案”适合作文章标题。答案：CBIfthethreeRs（reduce，reuseandrecycle）isaguidelinetosavetheplanet，garbage­sortingiswheretheeffortsstart.SinceMay1，Beijinghasstartedtocarryoutmandatorygarbage­sortinginneweffortstobetterprotecttheenvironment.Underthenewregulation，residentsarerequiredtoclassifyhouseholdwasteintofourcategories：kitchen，recyclable，hazardousandotherwaste.Peoplewhofailtosorttheirgarbageproperlycanbefinedfrom50to200yuan，reportedXinhua.SomeresidentialcommunitiesinBeijinghaveintroducedrewardstoencourageresidentstosorttheirgarbage.AccordingtoXinhua，residentscanearnpointsbyclassifyingtheirdomesticwastecorrectlyandthenexchangethepointstheyaccumulatedfordailynecessitiessuchassoap.Garbage­sortingpracticeshavereachedover70percentofhousingestatesin18cities，includingShanghai，XiamenandHangzhou，accordingtotheMinistryofHousingandUrban­RuralDevelopment.Shanghaifirstenactedamandatorygarbage­sortingregulationinJuly2019andhashada90percentcompliance（服从）rateamongitshousingestates.AccordingtoareportbytheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment，over90percentofthepublicbelievethatgarbage­sortingisimportantfortheprotectionoftheenvironment.However，garbage­sortingisstillabigprobleminChina.Only30percentofparticipantssaidtheythinktheyarecompletelysortingtheirwaste，thereportnoted.AccordingtoXinhua，it'spartlybecausemanypeoplelackthewillingnesstosorttheirownwaste.Also，somepreviousgarbageregulationsdidn'tincludefinesforpeoplewhofailedtoobeythem.“It'samusttohavealegalguaranteetopromotegarbage­sorting，”LiuJianguo，aprofessorfromTsinghuaUniversity，toldChinaDaily.“AsidefromChina，manycountrieslikeGermany，SpainandBritain，alsoaskpeopletosortwasteintospecificcategories.InJapan，thereisafixedtimeforthesortingofeachkindofgarbageandlittering.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。自5月1日起，北京开始实施强制垃圾分类，以更好地保护环境。文章介绍了这一政策的相关规定，说明了如今中国垃圾分类的现状和存在的一些问题，以及其他人对于中国垃圾分类的一些看法。5.WhatcanwelearnaboutthenewregulationinBeijing？A.Ithasn'tbeenputintouseyet.B.Residentscansortthegarbageastheylike.C.Peoplecangetmoneyiftheyclassifytheirdomesticwastecorrectly.D.Thosewhocan'tsortthegarbageasthenewrulerequiresshallbefined.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Peoplewhofailtosorttheirgarbageproperlycanbefinedfrom50to200yuan，reportedXinhua.”可知，据新华社报道，没有对垃圾进行分类的人将被处以50元到200元的罚款。答案：D6.What'stheproblemingarbage­sortinginChina？A.Mostpeopleareunawareofitsimportanceinprotectingenvironment.B.Somepeopledon'twanttotakethetroubletosortthegarbage.C.Onlyresidentsinbigcitiescansortthetrashcorrectly.D.Thegovernmentdoesn'thaveenoughmoneytosupportgarbagesorting.解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，90%的人意识到垃圾分类的重要性，但只有30%的受访者表示，他们认为自己已经完全对垃圾进行了分类，……部分原因是许多人不愿意对自己的垃圾进行分类。选B。答案：B7.WhatcanweinferfromLiuJianguo'swords？A.It'sdifficulttocarryoutgarbage­sortinginChina.B.Somelawsingarbage­sortingareneeded.C.Peopleindevelopedcountriescanbettersortthegarbage.D.WeshouldlearnfromJapan.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It'samusttohavealegalguaranteetopromotegarbage­sorting”可知，清华大学教授刘建国在接受《中国日报》采访时表示“推广垃圾分类必须要有法律保障”。由此可推知，刘建国认为需要制定一些垃圾分类的法律。答案：B8.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage？A.Garbage­sorting，aNewStartinChinaB.NewRegulationsinBeijingC.ArgumentonGarbage­sortingD.HowtoSortDomesticGarbage解析：主旨大意题。文章的第一段提到，自5月1日起，北京开始实施强制垃圾分类，以更好地保护环境。根据新规定，居民需要将生活垃圾分为四类：厨房垃圾、可回收垃圾、有害垃圾和其他垃圾。据新华社报道，没有对垃圾进行分类的人将被处以50元到200元的罚款。由此可知，A项“垃圾分类，中国的新起点”最适合作文章标题。答案：A专题强化练（七）主旨大意题——标题归纳类A[2022·广州普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）]Severalyearsago，JasonBox，ascientistfromOhio，flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier（冰川）inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10，000feetofice，andthenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun，keepingtheicebelowcool.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults，hefounditworked.Theexposedicehadmeltedfasterthanthecoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetoftheglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown，nojobswerelost，andnobodywastaxedorfired.Itwasjustthesortoffixwe'relookingfor.“Thankyou，butnothankyou，”saidRalphKing，aclimatescientist.HetoldGreyChilds，authorandcommentator，that“peoplethinktechnologycansavetheplanet，butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith，likeconsumption.Theyburned$50，000justforthehelicoptertobringtheplastictotheglacier.”Thisexperiment，givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehaviour.Itcan't.Technologywon'tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistKellySmithishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon'tbeclimatevictims—wewillbeclimatechoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives，theengineerswillgetsmarter，thetoolswillgetbetter，andonedaywewillcontroltheclimate.Butwhatthen？“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback，”Greywrites.“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingiceagesbyourownwill，”hesays.Me？Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself.Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace，butforthemoment，sittingatmydesk，lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling，I'mhappynottobeincharge.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。以一个付出巨大代价保护冰川的实例告诉人们，看起来气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。但不同的人对此有不同的看法，比如有人认为科技不能帮助人类在不改变自身行为的前提下修正气候变化；有人对人类控制气候的说法感到一丝恐惧等。1.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox'sexperimentinthefirstparagraph？A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople'sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thisexperiment...giveusafreeride”可知，作者认为这个实验会给人们一种错误的希望，但其实气候变化在不改变人类行为的情况下不能得到修正。由此可知，作者在第一段提到JasonBox的实验是为了描述一次具有误导性的修正气候的尝试。答案：B2.WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith？A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution，letaloneitshighcost.C.It'sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehaviour.D.Jason'sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段RalphKing所说的话可推知，RalphKing认为用科技解决气候问题花费高，且科技不是最终解决方案。答案：B3.WhatisGreyChilds'attitudetohuman'scontrollingtheclimate？A.Favourable.B.Tolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.解析：观点态度题。根据第三段中的“Justthemention...back”“Somethingsounded...byourownwill”可知，GreyChilds认为人类控制气候听起来就有点让人害怕，故GreyChilds对此持怀疑态度。答案：C4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext？A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate？B.Isclimatechangearealproblem？C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth？D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared？解析：主旨大意题。第一段作者介绍了JasonBox拯救冰川的实验；第二段作者认为此次实验传递给人们错误的希望，并认为在不改变人类行为的情况下科技不能修正气候变化；第三段作者介绍了不同人对人类控制气候的看法；第四段作者认为地球有自己的规律，我们应顺其自然。故本文可用A项（但是我们应该修正气候吗？）作标题。答案：AB（2022·武汉武昌区高三质检）Doyouwanttolevelupyourmask­wearingwhilealsolookinglikeyou'reabouttobattlewithBatman？Thisislife­wearingRazerZephyr，awearableairpurifier.AversionofRazer'slatestappliancemadewavesinJanuaryduringtheConsumerElectronicsShow.It'snosurprisethattechcompaniesareconsideringaleapbeyondclothandsurgicalmasksthathavecometodefinetheCOVID­19pandemic.Ithasahardshellwithtwobeltstofitontoyourhead.Therearetwoairexchangechambers（腔）onthefront，featuringdoublecirculatingfanstohelpcirculatecoolair.ThechambersfeatureN5filters（过滤器）providingtwo­wayprotectionforyouandthosearoundyou.It'salsotransparent（透明的）withinsidelightsandananti­fogcoatingtohelpsolveoneofthekeyissueswithmask­wearing：watchingmouthsmovewhenyouspeak.Goodasthemaskappears，willitprotectyoufromCOVID­19？AccordingtoRazer，themaskisregisteredwiththeFoodandDrugAdministrationandlabtestedfor99%BFE，orBacterialFiltrationEfficiency，ameasureofhowwellitfiltersoutbacteria.“ItisnottestedspecificallyagainsttheCOVID­19virus，butoffersthesamefunctionalityandadequateprotectionduetoits99%BFErating，”Razer'swebsitesays.There'salsothefinancialcosttoconsider.Themaskitselfis$99，andRazersellsapackof10setsofN95filtersfor$30.Bycomparison，aquicksearchforSurgicalmasksonashoppingwebsiteturnedupaboxof50masksforbetween$11­$14.“I'vetriedoutthe$99Zephyrforroughlyaweeknow.WearingtheZephyrfeelscomfortable.Theadjustableheadstraps（带）allowfortheidealfit.Aboveall，itfeelsbreathablethankstotheaircirculatingthroughitsfans，”onecommentedontheshoppingwebsite.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了一款可穿戴空气净化器，这种设备可以有效预防新型冠状病毒。文章具体介绍了这种设备的工作原理、使用感受等。5.WhyistheZephyrmadetransparent？A.Tofixlightsinside.B.Tocirculatecoolair.C.Totesttheanti­fogcoating.D.Toexposemouthmovement.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“It'salsotransparent（透明的）with...whenyouspeak”可知，该设备被制成透明的是为了在说话时人们可以观察到嘴巴的活动。答案：D6.WhatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphabouttheZephyr？A.It'sofficiallyapproved.B.It'shighlyratedbyconsumers.C.It'sspeciallydesignedagainstCOVID­19.D.It'sadequatelyprotectiveagainstallviruses.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句中的“AccordingtoRazer...DrugAdministration”可知，这款口罩已在美国食品药品监督管理局注册。据此可以推知，该设备已经通过官方批准。答案：A7.Whatprobablyappeal（s）tothebuyermostaccordingtothecomment？A.Itsadjustablefans.B.Itsaircirculatingsystem.C.Itscomfortableheadstraps.D.Itshighbutreasonableprice.解析：细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Aboveall，...throughitsfans”可知，该设备的空气循环系统是最吸引买家的地方。答案：B8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.AnInnovativeMaskMakesaHitB.SurgicalMasksAreBeingImprovedC.WearableTechnologyChangesOurLifeD.ANewTreatmentforCOVID­19IsontheWay解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首段第一、二句为全文的主题句，又结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了研制成功的一款创新面具：可穿戴的空气净化器。故A项最适合作本文标题。答案：ACJoseHernandezmadehisdreamofbecominganastronautarealityandhedidsodespiteunbelievabledifficulties.“IwasworkinginafieldnearStockton，andIheardonmyradiothatFranklinChang­DiazhadbeenselectedfortheAstronautCorps，”saidJose，whowasaseniorinhighschoolatthetime.“Iwasalreadyinterestedinscienceandengineering，”Joseremembered.“ButthatwasthemomentIsaid，‘Iwanttoflyinspace.’”Asoneoffour