演示文稿英国教育体系英文

（优选）英国教育体系英文当前1页，总共61页。SchoolTodayPre-primarySchoolsPrimarySchoolsSecondarySchoolsUniversity/College

当前2页，总共61页。Pre-PrimarySchoolsPre-schooleducationisavailable(oftenonafee-payingbasis)forchildrenaged2to4/5throughplaygroupsandnurseryschools(manyareprivate).Theemphasisisongroupwork,creativeactivityandguidedplay.

当前3页，总共61页。1.StateSchools(公立学校):

11-year

Compulsory

Education(5-16) StatePrimarySchool→

ComprehensiveSchool(84%),GrammarSchool(3%)orSecondaryModernSchool(7%)2.PublicSchools/IndependentSchools(独立学校/公学): PrepSchool→

Public(Independent)School(7%)TwoSystemsofprimaryandsecondaryeducationinBritain:当前4页，总共61页。当前5页，总共61页。当前6页，总共61页。Question:

Whatarethemaindifferences betweenthetwo?StateschoolsPublicschoolsSchoolFundingStatefundingfromcentralgovernment;SupplementedbylocalfinanceTuitionfees;Endowments(捐赠)ordonationsfromsociety(esp.alumnitotheiralmamaters)Attendance93%7%TeachingStaffandFacilitiesPublicschoolshavebetterteachingstaff&facilities.GraduatesStudentsfromthepublicschoolsaremorepromising,e.g.EtonCollegehaseducated20PrimeMinisters,6ChancellorsofExchequers,etc.当前7页，总共61页。PrimaryPhaseCompulsoryeducationbeginsat5inEngland,WalesandScotlandand4inNorthernIreland.Pupilsmainlyattendstatesectorprimaryschools(co-educationalormixedschools).Infants

Schools=FirstSchools(for2yearsfrom5)

Junior

Schools(for4yearsto11)There’slittleornospecialistsubjectteachingandgreatemphasisisonliteracyandnumeracyinearlyyears.PrepSchools(预备学校)(from7/8to13)(separate;fees;entranceexam)当前8页，总共61页。SecondarySchoolsStateSchools(93%)

1.ComprehensiveSchools(综合中学)(84%)(Noentranceexam,generaleducation)2.GrammarSchools(文法中学)(“the11 plus”examination选拔优秀小学生毕业考 试,preparingstudentsforhigher education)(3%)3.SecondaryModernSchools(现代中学)(7%)PublicSchools=IndependentSchools(7%)当前9页，总共61页。TheNationalCurriculumEnglishDesign&TechnologyGeographyMathematicsInformationTechnologyMusicScienceArtPhysicalEducationHistoryModernForeignLanguage当前10页，总共61页。Exams

Compulsoryeducationendsatage16.At16,studentsinEnglandandWalestakeGCSE(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation中学毕业证书)examinationsinvolvingafinalexam,anassessmentofworkdoneduringthetwo-yearcourse,orbothofthesethings.Thentheycanleaveschoolandfindajob.OtherpupilswhodecidenottogotouniversitymaychoosetotakevocationaltrainingandgettheGNVQ(GeneralNationalVocationalQualification国家专业资格证书,5levels).当前11页，总共61页。Tertiaryeducation延续教育(FurtherEducation)是继小学(Primary)中学(Secondary)教育之后的“第三级教育”(Tertiary)。为进入高等教育或者就业打下基础。也是中国的高中学生留学英的关键阶段。一般来说接受延续教育的学生介于16和18岁之间。它分为两种体系：学业路线（AcademicRoute）和职业路线（VocationalRoute）。学业路线着重于培养学术研究方面的人才，职业路线则结合社会各层面的职业需要，培养在各种行业中具有专门技能和知识的人才。当前12页，总共61页。SomemoreambitiousandhardworkingstudentswilltakeGCEO-level(一般水平普通教育证书)exams.Iftheypass,theymaytransfertoaSixthFormschool(六年级学校)ortertiarycollege(三级学校)tolearnA-levelclassesfor2years.At18,theytakeGCEA-levelexaminations(AdvancedGeneralCertificateofEducation高级水平普通教育证书＝大学入学考试),usuallyinnotmorethan3subjects.It’snecessarytohaveA-levelsinordertogotoauniversityorotherinstitutionsofhighereducation.当前13页，总共61页。WidelyHeldBeliefsFirstly,“thebestwaytoensuregoodresultsistovest(赋予)responsibilityforajobinanindividualbodyandthenallowittogoinitsownway,intervening(干预)onlyifit’smanifestly(显而易见地)notperformingitsjobproperly.”Secondly,“aschoolisnotonlyaplaceforlearningbutalsoasociety,freetoplanandconductitscorporatelifeasseemsbesttoit,providedthatitkeepsthislifewithintheacceptedframeworklaiddownbysocialconventionandthenationalpolicyforeducation.”Questionforyou:

Howdoyouinterpretthebeliefsabove?当前14页，总共61页。Individualschoolsenjoygreatfreedomandspace!Althoughtheultimateresponsibilityfortheeducationalsystemlieswiththeparliament,itdoesn’tlaydownwhatsubjectsshallbetaught;nordoesitgiveanydirectionsaboutteachingmethods,orprescribe(规定、指定、开处方)anytextbooks.TheQueenoncesaid,“AheadmasteroncetoldmethatinhisopinionthefreedomwhichteachershaveisthemostvaluablethinginBritisheducation”.当前15页，总共61页。CaseStudyComparedwiththatinChinesecounterparts,thecurriculumintheUKprimaryorsecondaryschoolsismuchsimpler.(esp.mathematics&reading)

WHY?IstheirIntelligenceQuotientlow?AccordingtoaschoolmasterinBristol:1.Thecompulsoryeducationaimstocultivateeligible(合格的)citizensratherthanelites;2.Curiosityandself-confidencematteralotmorethantheknowledgeitself.3.Shapingcharactersandindividualityisemphasized.Teamspiritandleadershipcanbedevelopedthroughgames.当前16页，总共61页。PublicSchools

IntheUKprivate

schoolsareconfusinglycalledpublicschools!Onlyenrollpupilsfromprepschools.Hightuitionfees+largequantityofsocialendowments=affordingsmallerclasses+betterfaculty(withnicesalaries)Mainlysingle-sexratherthanco-edschools.Boardingschools.Question:Whoareattendingsuchschools?

当前17页，总共61页。Thestudentsarelargelyfromaristocratic(贵族)andupperclassfamilies.Despitethehighfeestheyaccountforaround7%ofthetotalschoolpopulation.BUTopponentsvoicedoubts:

It’ssociallydivisiveandbreedselitism;theyareofferingmorepromisingopportunitiesto7%ofBritishchildren,butit’sunfairfortheremaining93%!

当前18页，总共61页。TheMostWell-knownPublicSchools:EtonCollege(伊顿公学)(1440byKingHenryVI)

HarrowSchool(哈罗公学)(1571)(Byron,Churchill)(forBoysonly)WinchesterCollege(温切斯特公学)(1394)RugbySchool(拉格贝公学)(1567)(Rugbywasfirstplayedhere.)Tosendaboytoaleadingpublicschoolcosts￡1200to￡2000,even￡3500aterm.当前19页，总共61页。EtonCollegeForboysONLY!Itsstudentsarefromnobleandupperclassfamilies.(PrinceCharles,William&Harry)Sofar,about20PMswereeducatedatEton.Theschoolfeeincludestuition,board&lodging,laundry,personalaccidentinsurance,andthecostofmostactivities.HowmuchisthetuitionatEton?Anannualfeeofabout￡16,000.当前20页，总共61页。EtonCollegeEtonPupilswiththetutor当前21页，总共61页。HigherEducationAllBritishuniversitiesareself-governingandfee-charging.TheyreceivefinancialaidthroughtheUniversityGrantsCommittee(高校基金委员会)fromthegovernment.Over42%ofpupilsbecomeuniversitystudentsonleavingschoolat18.110universitiesinUK(93inEngland,13inScotland,2inWalesand2inN.Ireland)3categories:olduniversities,redbrickuniversities(1850-1930),newuniversities(WWII-present).当前22页，总共61页。EntranceProceduresInthethirdtermofYear12,studentspreparetheirapplicationstouniversity.ApplicationsarethenmadeinthefirsttermoftheYear13throughonecentralizedorganizationknownasUCAS(UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService大学院校入学委员会).Studentscanapplytoamaximumof6universities/institutions.Admission–selectiononbasisofAlevelresults&aninterview.当前23页，总共61页。Fee-charging(ontheaverage:￡1200-3000)DegreesBA/BSc3yearsfull-timeMA/MSc1yearfull-time/2yearspart-timePhDatleast3yearsoriginalresearchBA:BachelorofArts

(文学学士)

BSc:BachelorofScience(理学学士)

BS:同上

当前24页，总共61页。TeachingMethods

TheUKeducationalsystemencouragesself-study,discussionsandpracticalwork.Thestudentsmayhavetime-tabledclassesormightbeencouragedtodomoreofindependentworkforasubstantialamountoftimedependingonthecourse.Mostofthecourseswouldincludethefollowingteachingmethods:当前25页，总共61页。A.Lectures讲座Theprofessorsdominatethelectureswhichservetoguidethestudents.Thesizeoftheclassisgenerallylarge,oftenupto100students.NOprescribedtextbooksbutreadinglistsandhandouts(讲稿)!当前26页，总共61页。B.Seminars讨论会Theseminarsprovidethestudentswithaplatformforsharingtheirviewsonagiventopic.Thestudentsaretoldinadvanceaboutatopic&arerequiredtoprepareapresentationonit.Whatisthepointofattendingseminars? Thediscussionsthattakeplaceinseminarsoftenhelpstudentsunderstandatopicbetterindifferentperspectivesandhelpstudentsdeveloptheircommunicationskills.

当前27页，总共61页。C.Tutorials导师辅导课Tutorialsgiveyoufocusedguidanceonaparticulartopiconceaweek.Thesizeoftutorialsisquitesmall.(15-20) Everystudenthastospeakinclass.Thestudentsmeetwiththeprofessorsindividuallytodiscusstheirconcernsaboutthetopicthattheyhaveundertakenandthusseekindividualguidance.当前28页，总共61页。D.IndependentworkStudentsaresupposedtoinvestigateatopicindetailanddeveloptheirownviewsaboutit.(off-campusresearch)Thisusuallyinvolvesworkingindividuallyorinasmallgroupwithotherstudentstoresearchatopic.Producewrittenworkormakepresentationforaseminar.当前29页，总共61页。E.Coursework课程论文／学年作业Thismayincludeessays,reports,projects,presentationsorreflections.Courseworkisassessedandgivengrades.Assessment:acombinationofmethodsQuestion:

Isthewrittenexamamustforcourseassessment?

NOTnecessarily!TakeMarketingManagementforexample,coursework65%

(grouppresentation20%+individualreflection20%+businessplan25%)+writtenexam35%当前30页，总共61页。Plagiarism剽窃Plagiarismmeanspresentingotherpeople’sworkasone'sownwithoutacknowledgingthesourceorreferencing.Cheatingorplagiarismcanresultinstudentsnotbeingallowedtograduate.Adviceisnormallygivenbyyourprofessorsonanacceptablewayandamountofreferencing.(footnote/bibliography)当前31页，总共61页。CambridgeCambridgeUniversitywasfoundedin1209bystudentsfleeingfromOxfordafteroneofthemanyepisodesofviolencebetweentheuniversityandthetownofOxford.当前32页，总共61页。当前33页，总共61页。当前34页，总共61页。当前35页，总共61页。FamousStudentsJohnMiltonCharlesDarwinPrinceCharles当前36页，总共61页。Vice-Chancellor–

ProfessorAlisonRichardCambridgeisoneoftheworld’sgreatuniversities,andhastheabilitytotransformlives.Ifyoustudyhere,youwillexperiencethatqualityatfirsthand.Daytoday,youwillworkwithacademicstaffwhoareleadersintheirfields,andwhoarealsocommittedtoseeyousucceed,andtohelpyoudevelopyourideas,knowledgeandunderstanding.当前37页，总共61页。OxfordUniversity当前38页，总共61页。当前39页，总共61页。当前40页，总共61页。FamousStudentsOscarWildeSamuelJohnsonBillClintonTonyBlairMargaretThatcher当前41页，总共61页。OxfordLegendhasitthatOxfordUniversitywasfoundedbyKingAlfredin872toencourageeducationandestablishschoolsthroughouthisterritory.Likeagrammarschool,itwasjustaplaceforteachingLatingrammaratthattime.TheUniversityactuallybeganinthe12thcenturyasgatheringsofstudentsaroundpopularmasters.Theuniversityconsistedofpeople,notbuildings.Thebuildingscamelaterasarecognitionofsomethingthatalreadyexisted.Inaway,Oxfordwasneverfounded;itgrew.当前42页，总共61页。ChancellorofOxfordOxfordisoneofthegreatestuniversitiesintheworld.Ithasplayedadistinguishedpartinthehistoryofourcountryandourcontinent,andhasmuchtocontributetooursuccessandourwell-beingasacivilizedcommunityinthefuture.ChrisPatten当前43页，总共61页。OxbridgeBoatRaceTheBoatRacebetweenOxford&CambridgestartedJune10,1829.TheeventisnowaBritishnationalinstitution,andistelevised

liveeachyear.TheracehasbeenwonbyCambridge79timesandOxford73sofar.Theraceiscurrentlyrunoverafourmileand374yard(6.8km)

stretchoftheRiverThamesbetweenPutneyandMortlakeinLondon.OxfordweardarkblueandCambridgelightblue.

当前44页，总共61页。TheDarkBlueCrew当前45页，总共61页。TheLightBlues&DarkBlues当前46页，总共61页。GlasgowUniversityNottinghamUniversity当前47页，总共61页。BuckinghamUni.VerneyParkCampusChandosRoadCampus当前48页，总共61页。UniversitygraduatesdominateBritishpoliticalleadership,especiallythosefromOxbridge–Thatcher&BlairfromOxford;2/3ofBlair’scabinetmemberseducatedatOxfordorCambridge.当前49页，总共61页。Students’ActivitiesOuting当前50页，总共61页。Pubbing当前51页，总共61页。SportsRugbyFootball当前52页，总共61页。Choir当前53页，总共61页。ChineseHigherEducationenrollmentexpansionResourcesarestraining.Educationqualityissuffering.Intensecompetitioninthejobmarket.eliteedu.vs.massedu.dilemma1345当前54页，总共61页。HaveadiscussiononthedefectsofChinesehighereducationDefect1:

BlindEnrollmentExpansionDefect2:

AwkwardTeachingMethodDefect3:

Prescribed/DesignatedTextbooksDefect4:

UnreasonableCurriculumDefect5:

UnfairAssessmentSystem当前55页，总共61页。Defect1:

BlindEnrollmentExpansionUniversitiesseemtohaveenrolledmorethantheycanaccom