考研英语大纲附录二

附录2常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家(或地区)、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词一、常用的前缀和后缀1、常用前缀aero-：concerningtheairofaircraftplane-aeroplane飞机space-aerospace航空空间anti-：against；oppositeofnuclear-antinuclear反对核武器的matter-antimatter反物质war-antiwar反战的auto-：oforbyoneselfbiography传记-autobiography自传criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省be-：totreatasthestatedthingfriend-befriend以朋友的方式对待；照顾little-belittle使显得微小，轻视、贬低bi-：two；twice；doublelingual-bilingual双语的； 人cycle-bicyclebio-：concerninglivingthingschemistry-biochemistry生化sphere-biosphere生物圈by-，bye-：lessimportantproduce-by-produceway-byway偏僻小路；学科的次要领域，冷门centi-：hundredthpartgrade-centigrade'摄氏meter-centimeter厘米co-：together，withauthor-coauthor合著者，合著exist-coexist同时共存、和平共处col-：(usedbeforel)together，withlocation-collocation排列，配置，词的搭配com-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)together，withpassion-compassion怜悯、同情con-：together，withcentric-concentric同一中心的、同轴federation-confederation结盟同盟，联邦contra-：oppositediction-contradiction矛盾、否定反驳natural-contranatural违背自然的cor-：(usedbeforer)together，withrelate-correlate有相关性respond-correspond相符合相一致，相当类似通信counter-：oppositeact-counteract对抗、抵消attack-counterattack反攻、反击cross-：across；goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthemcountry-crosscountry越野的breed-crossbreed杂种，使杂交de-：showinganopposite；toremove；toreducecode-decode译码、解码、分析电子信号value-devalue贬值，贬低dis-：not；theoppositeofadvantage-disadvantage不利、劣势、短处agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合honest-dishonest不诚实、不老实em-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)tocausetobecomebody-embody表现、象征；包括、包含power-empower授权、准许en-：tocausetobecome；tomakedanger-endanger危及、使遭受危险large-enlarge扩大、扩充放大ex-：former(andstillliving)minister-ex-ministerv辅助；服侍，部长wife-ex-wife前妻extra-：outside；beyondcurricular-extracurricular学校课程以外的ordinary-extraordinary奇怪；特别；额外，临时fore-：inadvance，before；inoratthefrontarm-forearm前臂，预先武装warn-forewarn预先警告；事先告知il-：(usedbeforel)notlegal-illegal非法literate-illiterate目不识丁、文盲的im-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)notmoral-immoral不道德、邪恶；放荡的possible-impossible不可能、办不到的；很难接受in-：notdirect-indirect间接地，婉转的sensitive-insensitive感觉迟钝，不友好的；麻木infra-：belowinarange；beyondred-infrared红外线的structure—infrastructure基础设施，基础结构inter-：between；amongchange—interchange互换、互易；交替变换national—international国际的intra-：inside,within；intocity—intracity市内的department--intra-departmentir-：（usedbeforer）notregular—irregular不对称、不规则的；不定期的responsible—irresponsible不负责kilo-：thousandgram-kilogram千克meter--kilometermacro-：large，esp.concerningawholesystemratherthanparticularpartsofeconomics—macroeconomics宏观经济学structure—macrostructure宏观结构mal-：badorbadlyfunction—malfunction故障，障碍treat—maltreat虐待、滥用micro-：extremelysmallcomputer-microcomputer微机electronics—microelectronics微电子学mid-：middleday—midday中午night-midnight午夜mini-：small；shortbus—minibus小汽车skirt—miniskirt超短裙mis-：badorbadly；wrongorwronglyfortune—misfortune不幸，厄运；灾难、灾祸understand-misunderstand误会误解mono-：one；singleplane—monoplane单翼机tone—monotone单调的multi-：morethanone；manypurpose—multipurpose多种用途的，多目标national—multinational多国的，跨国公司non-：notresident--non（-）resident〉①不住在某地的②（指工作）不要求任职者住在工作地点的；不住在旅馆等中的sense—nonsense胡说，无聊的事物out-：outside；beyondlive--outlive比（某人）长寿；活到（某事）已被遗忘door—outdoor户外的露天over-：toomuch；above；additionalhead-overhead离地面的；头顶上的；上空的，架空的time-overtime超出的时间；额外的时间费poly-：manycentric-polycentric多中心的syllabic—polysyllabic多音节的post-：laterthan；aftergraduate-postgraduate研究生的，生war-postwar战后的pre-：before；inadvancepay-prepay预付war—prewar战前的，在战前pro-：infavorof，supportingAmerica--pro-Americaabortion--pro-abortion早产pseudo-：notreal；falsename—pseudonym假名，化名；笔名science-pseudoscience伪科学re-：again；backtotheformerstateunite—reunite重聚，再联合use-reuse再用self-：bymeansofoneselforitself；of，to,with，for，orinoneselforitselfemployed--self-employedtaught--self-taughtsemi-：half；partlycircle—semicircle半圆形final—semifinal半决赛step-：notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarriedmother-stepmother继母children—stepchildren养子sub-：under，below；lessimportant；partofthestatedbiggerwholedivide—subdivide再分，细分section--subsection分部,分段,小部分，小单位，细分super-：more,larger,greaterthanusualmarket-supermarket超市natural—supernatural超自然的，超自然的现象tele-：atoroveralongdistance；byorfortelevisioncommunication—telecommunication电信screen--telescreentherm（o）-：concerningheatchemistry--thermochemistrymeter-thermometer温度计trans-:across,onortotheothersideof;betweenAtlantic-transatlantic电视屏幕,荧光屏plant-transplant移植tri-:three;threetimesangular-triangular三角cycle-tricycle三轮车，机器三轮车ultra-:beyond;very,extremelymodern-ultramodern超现代化的sound-ultrasound超声，超声波un-:notcertain-uncertain不确定的fortunate-unfortunate不幸的，不幸的人under-:toolittle;belowdevelop-underdevelop（使）发展不完全,（使）显影不足sea-undersea海面下的uni-:one,singerform-uniform制服，相同的，清一色的directional-unidirectional单向的，单向性的vice-:nextintherank;belowchairman-vice-chairman副委员长president-vice-president副总统，副校长2.常用后缀（1）名词后缀-ability，-ibility能力able-abilityflexible-flexibility弹性,适应性,机动性,挠性-age时期post-postage邮费，邮资short-shortage不足3-alarrive-arrival到达，抵达；物refuse-refusal拒绝-an，-ian，-arian员；人library-librarianmusic-musician-ance，-enceappear-appearancerefer-reference人-ancy，-encyemerge-emergency紧急情况expect-expectancy期望-ant，-ent人apply-applicant申请求职人correspond-correspondent通信员记者-cyaccurate-accuratcy精确的，准确private-praivit]privacy,隐居，独处私事,隐私-domking-kingdom国王，界，领域free-freedom自由，自主权-ee人employ-employee雇工interview-interviewee接受面谈者；被接见者-er，-or，-ar人paint-painterbeg-beggar乞丐-ery行为；身份、制度brave-braveryslave-slavery奴隶身份制度-ese人China-ChinaeseJapan-Japanese-ess人actor-actresswaiter-waitress-ful量hand-handful一把少数spoon-spoonful一匙的量-hoodchild-childhoodman-manhood成年，成年期；男子气概-ics学科electron-electronics3linguist言学家-linguistics语言学-ion,-ition,-ation物collect-collectionobserve-observation-ism主义Marx-Marxismsocialist-socialism-ist人psychiatry-psychiatristviolin-violinist-ity,-tycruel-cruelty残忍，残酷pure-purity纯，纯洁，纯正，洁净-mentmove-movementretire--retirement增力口；发展，扩大-nessdark--darknesshappy--happiness-ologyclimate—climatology气候学future—futurology未来学-ship关系friend-friendship友情、友谊scholar学者一scholarship学问学识，奖学金-sion,-ssion物decide--decisionexpand--expansion-thgrow--growth增力口；发展，扩大wide--width宽度，阔度，广度-ure状态close—closure停业、关闭expose—exposure暴露曝光(2)动词前缀-endeep--deepen变深，力口深fast--fasten系紧，拴牢-ifyclass--classify分类；归类simple—simplify简化-ize,-ise使…怎么样modern--modernize/modernizepopular--popularize/popularize⑶形容词后缀4-able,-ible的suit--suitablequestion-questionable可疑的；有疑问的-alnature--naturalstructure--structural-an,-arian,-iansuburb--suburbanCanada-Canadian人的-ant,-ent的differ--differentplease--pleasant-ary,-ory的advise--advisorycustom--customary-ateconsider--consideratefortune--fortunate-en的gold--goldenwood--wooden-ese的，人China--ChineseJapan-Japanese-free无..的care--carefreeduty--duty-free-fulcare--carefulpain--painful-ic,-ical的atom—atomic原子的psychology-psychological心理学的-ish的girl--girlish女孩子(似)的，少女的child--childish孩子的，孩子气的，孩子所特有的-ivecreate--creative创造性的，有创造力的support--supportive支持的，拥护的；赞助的-less无…的hope--hopeless不抱希望的，绝望的pain--painless-likechild--childlike孩子似的，天真烂漫的4lady--ladylike风度雍容如贵妇的,温雅的-ly的man—manly刚强的month—monthly一月的月干刊-ous,-ious的danger--dangerouspoison--poisonous-sometire--tiresome令人生厌的trouble--troublesome引起麻烦的，令人讨厌的，令人烦恼的-ward向…的down-downward向下的，往下的up--upward-y的guilt-guilty内疚的；有罪的noise-noisy嘈杂的；喧闹的(4)副词后缀-lyeasy-easily容易地，不费力地heavy-heavily严重地；大量地-ward，-wardseast-eastward(s)向东north-northward(s)-wiseclock-clockwise顺时针方向的other-otherwise除此之外，否则二、部分国家(或地区)、语言、国名及国籍表国家(或地区) 语言国民国籍AmericaAmericanAmericanAustralia AustralianAustralianBrazil巴西 Brazilian BrazilianBritain英国人EnglishBritonBritishCanadaCanadianCanadianChinaChineseChineseChineseEgypt埃及EgyptianEgyptianEnglandEnglishEnglishmanEnglishFranceFrenchFrenchmanFrenchGermanyGermanGermanGermanGreeceGreekGreek GreekIndiaIndianIndianIreland爱尔兰Irish Irishman IrishIsrael以色歹列Israeli IsraeliItaly意大利ItalianItalianItalianJapanJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseTheNetherlands荷兰DutchDutchmanDutchNewZealand新西兰NewZealanderPortugal葡萄牙PortuguesePortuguesePortugueseRussia俄国RussianRussianRussianScotland苏格兰Scots,ScottishScotsmanScots,ScottishSpain西班牙SpanishSpaniardSpanishSweden瑞典SwedishSwedishSwedishSwitzerland瑞士SwissSwissWales威尔士WelshWelshmanWelsh三、洲 名名词Africa非洲America美洲|Antarctica南极洲IAsia亚洲'IAustralia澳洲Europe欧洲NorthAmerica北美洲Oceania大洋洲SouthAmerica南美洲四、常见缩写词形容词AfricanAmericanAsianAustralianEuropeanNorthAmericanOceanicSouthAmericanBC,B.C.beforeChrist公元前BS,BScBachelorofScience理科学土C°Centigrade摄氏度cccubiccentimeter立方厘米CDcompactdisk光盘，激光唱片cf.confer(=compare)试比较；参看cmcentimeter厘米Cocompany公司c/ocareof由…转交pare比较Dec.December十二月par,para paragraph(文章的)段dept.,Dept.department部，司，局，系Ph.D,PhD philosophiae DoctorDr,Dr.doctor博士；医生博士e.g.exempligratia(二forexample)例如pl. plural复数esp.especially尤其是PM,P.M. postmeridiem(=afternoon)etal. etalia(二andothers)以及其他等下午，午后等PRCPeople'sRepublicofChinaetc.etcetera(=andtherest)等等中华人民共和国FFahrenheit华氏的Prof. professor教授Feb.February二月PSpostscript附言Fri.Friday星期五Rd.,rd ro