工程建设标准强制性条文CPECS-B-7房屋建筑部分英文版

ChapterVII

Structureappraisalandreinforcement

Appraisalofstructuresafety

Generalrules

<Reliabilityappraisalstandardforcivilconstruction>GB50292-1999

4.1.3Thedataadoptedforappraisalofsafetyofstructureelementsshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1Methodsofinspectionshallbebasedonthecurrentnationalstandards.Whenmorethanoneinspectingmethodistobeused,aregulationfordeterminingtestvalueshallbeagreedbeforethetestiscarriedout.

3Whenthedetecteddataaredoubtfulforanyabnormality,thejudgementandtreatmentshallbeinaccordancewiththecurrentrulesofthenationalstandard;neitheradoptionnorabandonofdataatrandomisallowed.

4.1.6Whenperformanceofmaterialofastructuralelementisdegradedduetoenvironmentaleffectandothersystematicfactorsrelatingtotime,itisallowedtopickupsamplesatrandom,fromwhich5~10samplestructuralelementswillbedeterminedasinspectingtargets,ofwhichthematerialstrengthandotherdynamicperformanceswillbedetectedinaccordancewithpresentstandardmethods.

Note：①Whentotalelementsarefewerthan5,allofthemshallbetestedonebyone.

<Maintenanceofwoodenstructureofancientconstructionsandspecificationofreinforcement>GB50165-92

4.1.4Appraisalofreliabilityofancientconstructionsshallbedividedinto4categoriesaccordingtothefollowingrules:

CategoryI.Theexistingdamagedorweakenedpointsinthestructurethatisload-bearinghavebeenalreadytreatedcorrectlyandnonewdamagedorweakenedorsignofdamagingorweakeningarefound.

CategoryII.Thoseoncedamagedorweakenedpointsinload-bearingstructurehavebeenalreadyrepairedandreinforced,yetthereareindividualpointsthathavetobetreatedagain;somenewlyfoundsignsofdamageordestroyingthatneedtobefurtherinspectedandtreatedbutdonotaffectsafetyanduseoftheconstruction.

CategoryIII.Whenthedamagedorweakenedpointsareatthecriticalpositionoftheload-bearingstructure,which,oritscombination,affectsafetyandnormaluseofthestructureandis

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necessarytobereinforcedorrepaired,yetnoimmediatedangerwillhappen.

CategoryIV. Thestructureisinadangerstatuseitherpartiallyorwhollyandunexpectedaccidentispossibletohappenatanytime.Suchstructuremustberepairedimmediately.

ConcreteStructuralelements

<Appraisalstandardforreliabilityofcivilconstructions>GB50292-1999

Appraisalforsafetyofconcretestructuralelementsshallbeinspectedinfouritems:capabilityofload-bearing;structure;bitshift(ordeformation),forwhichtheelementisnotsuitableforuse;andcracking.Eachinspectedelementshallbeclassifiedbyevaluationindividually,ofwhichtheonehaslowestresultshallbereferredasclassofsafety.

Whensafetyofconcretestructuralelementisevaluatedperitsload-bearingcapability,classofeachitemthatiscalculatedshallbeevaluatedindividually,thenthelowestoneshallbethebaseonwhichsafeload-bearingcapabilityisdetermined.

Whensafetyofconcretestructuralelementisevaluatedbasedonitsstructure,itshouldbedeterminedwithtwoitemsthatarebeinginspected,andthelowestshallbeasclassofthem.

Whensafetyofconcretestructureisevaluatedbasedonbitshiftordeformationthatisnotsuitabletobearloadcontinuously,thefollowingruleshallbeobserved:

1Whentheactuallymeasuredvalueofdeflectionofthetruss(rooftruss,supportingtruss)ishigherthan1/400ofthespanforcalculation,thecapabilityofloadbearingshouldbecalculatedaccordingto4.2.2ofthisstandard.Whencheckingcomputationisbeingdone,theeffectofadditionalstressduetobitshiftshallbeconsideredandevaluationofclassshallbebasedonthefollowingprinciples:

Iftheresultofcheckingcomputationisnotlowerthanclassbu,itcanyetclassifiedasclassbu,butalimitationofaperiodformonitoringuseshallbeadded.

Iftheresultofcheckingcomputationislowerthanclassbu,theelementshallbeclassifiedasclasscuorduaccordingtotheactualseverity.

Fordeflectionordeviationduetoconstructionworkofotherelementinbending,theyshouldbeevaluatedinaccordancewithrules.

4.2.7whenoneofthefollowingcircumstancesofaconcreteelementappears,itshallbeclassifiedasclassdu,despitethesizeofitscracking:

Signshowsthereisdamageduetopressure;

Theelementcorneredgedamagedorlostduetorustingofthemainreinforcingbarandconcretecoveringlayerpeeredoff.

Steelstructureelements

<Reliabilityappraisalstandardforcivilconstruction>GB50292-1999

4.3.2Whensafetyofasteelstructureelement(includingconnection)isevaluatedbasedonloadbearingcapability,eachresultofcheckingcomputationshallbeevaluatedindividually,thenthelowestclassshallbeadoptedassafetyclassofthatelement.

Buildingblockstructureelements

<Reliabilityappraisalstandardforcivilconstruction>GB50292-1999

Whensafetyofabuildingblockstructureelementisevaluatedbasedonloadbearingcapability,eachresultofcheckingcomputationshallbeevaluatedindividually,thenthelowestclassshallbeadoptedassafetyclassofthatelement.

Whensafetyofabuildingblockisevaluatedbasedonstructure,classoftwoitemsshallbeevaluatedrespectively,andthentheloweroneshallbeadoptedasthesafetyclassofthatelement.

Whentheloadbearingelementofabuildingblockhasthefollowingforcedcracking,itshallbeconsideredasacrackingthatisnolongersuitableforloadbearingcontinuouslyandshallbeevaluatedasclasscuorduaccordingtoitsseverity:

EndsorcenterpartsofBrickwall,brickcolumnundertruss,mainbeamsupportshave

verticalcrackingthatisbrokenalongtheblock(troughtheblock).

Horizontalorinclinedcrackingappearsatthecrosssectiononloadbearingwallofvasthouses.

Crackingappearsatspancenterorsupportofabrickbuiltlintel;or,thoughnovisual

crackingisseen,aconcentratedloadfocusisdiscoveredwithinthespanextent.

Note:Blockmaterialisreferredtobricksorbuildingblocks.

Cracking,alongthearchtopmainleadordiagonalline,appearsatarchsurfaceandshellsurfaceofcylindricalarch,hyperbolacylindricalarchandflatshell.

Inclinedcracking,brokenalongthebuildingblock,appearsinloadbearingwalloradjacent

toarch,shellsupport.

Othersignificantcrackingthatisunderpressure,inbending,beingsheared.

Whennon-forcedcrackingappearsinbuildingblockstructureorelement,suchcrackingwillBeconsideredasunsuitableforcontinuetobeloadbearingonesandshouldbeevaluatedasclasscuorduaccordingtoactualcircumstancesindividually:

1．Athroughverticalcrackingappearsattheconnectionbetweenverticalandhorizontalwalls.

2．Seriouscrackinginwall,ofwhichthewidthofthebiggestcrackingiswiderthan5mm.3．Crackingincolumnappears,ofwhichthewidestismorethan1.5mm.

Othercrackingthatsignificantlyaffectsentirety.

Note:Non-forcedcrackingisreferredtocrackingthatisresultedfromtemperature,contract,deformationorunevensinkoffoundation.

Woodenstructureelements

<Reliabilityappraisalstandardforcivilconstruction>GB50292-1999

Whensafetyofawoodenstructureelementisevaluatedbasedonloadbearingcapability;eachcheckingcomputationitemshallbeclassifiedforsafety,ofwhichtheitemwithlowestsafetyshallbeconsideredassafetyclass.

Whensafetyofwoodenstructureelementisevaluatedbasedonstructure,twoitemsshallbeevaluatedforclassificationofsafetyrespectively,ofwhichthelowersafetyclassshall

govern.

4.5.5Whenawoodenstructurehasthefollowinginclinedveiningorcrackingwithaslopeof

（），itshouldbeclassifiedasclasscuorduaccordingtotheseverity:fortensileelement >10%

forbendingelement >15%forcompressionelement >20%

Woodenstructureofancientconstructions

<Specificationformaintenanceandreinforcementofancientconstructions>GB50165-92

Inspectionandevaluationofentiretyofwoodenstructureofancientconstructionsshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithtable4.1.7

Inspectionandappraisalforentiretyofwoodenstructuretruss Table4.1.7

ItemNo.

Inspectionitem Inspectioncontent

Limitofappraisalfordamagedpoints

Through-the

Elevated

beamform

-hopper

form

>H/120 >H/100

Incliningamountalongstructure 1 0 1 0

1

mechanismplane or or

Entirelyinclined

1>120mm 1>150mm

>H/240 >H/200

Inclining amount along vertical 2 0 2 0

structuremechanismplane or or

2 >60mm >75mm

2 2

Relativebitshiftbetweencolumnhead

Localinclining

Linkagebetweenstructure

3

mechanisms

Linkagebetweenbeamandcolumn(including that

4

betweenplinthandtimber

andcolumnandpurlin)

andcolumnfoot

Present circumstance of verticalbracingbaranditslinkingrod

Circumstancesofpullingconnectionandjogglingconnection

>H/90 >H/75

Damagedorconnectionloosened

Nopullingconnection,therabbetdrawnoutoffthemortisewithalengthlongerthantherabbet

2/5 1/2

Perfectionof rabbet and

5

mortise

Material Rotted,moth-eaten

Otherdamages AlreadycrackedHorizontal veining pressed with Compressamountbeyonddeformation 4mm

Note:Inthetable,H0representstotalheightofwoodstructuremechanism;Hrepresentsheightofcolumn

Whenoneofthefollowingcircumstanceshappenstoancientconstructions,theappraisalofreliabilityshallbejudgedascategoryIIIorIVaccordingtotheactualcircumstance:

Signshowingdamageofmainloadbearingstructureelementsuchastheprincipalbeam,Eavessupportingcolumngoldencolumn,etc.,whichwillresultindamageofotherelementsasachainedreaction.

Forcetransmittingpointsforjointofframeworkoftheprincipalbeamandloadbearingareunderdangerouscircumstance.

Seriousdamagedpointsappearatmanypointsscatteringregularlyorgathering.

Inareawhereinsectharmisserious,whennewshotholesappearinmanylocationsofthewoodenstructureframework,ornoshotholesbutwormsareactingingroups.

Inappraisalofreliabilityofloadbearingsystem,ifthefollowingcircumstancesappear,thesystemshouldbeappraisedascategoryIVconstruction:

Manypiecesofwoodstructureframeworkshaveseriousdamagedpoints,fromwhichthecombinationmayresultincollapseorpartialcollapseoftheconstruction.

Theconstructionhasalreadyinclinedtowardsacertaindirection,andobservationandrecordshowthatthetendencyofincliningisindeveloping.

Earthfoundation

<Reliabilityappraisalstandardforcivilconstruction>GB50292-1999

6.2.10 Whendeeppitsforfoundationareduginareaswheredeepandthicksilt,siltysoil,saturatedclaysoil,saturatedfinesiltorinothersoftandweakearthlayers,theadjacentexistingconstructionsandbuildingsshouldbeprotectedwithcertainmeasures,whilemeasuringpointsshallbearrangedforthesupporting-protectingframeworkandtheexistingbuildingsformonitoring.Ifoneofthefollowingcircumstancesthatmayaffectsecurityoftheconstructionappears,analarmshallbegiven immediately. Ifthe situationis serious, construction work shall bestoppedimmediatelyandemergentmeasuresshallbetakentoprotectthesupporting-protectingframeworkandexistingbuildings.

Themaximumhorizontalbit-shiftofsupporting-protectingframeworkofthefoundationpitisalreadylargerthan1/200(1/300)ofdugdepthofthepit,ormorethan3mm/day(2mm)forthreecontinuousdays.

Individualelementofthesupportingrod(oranchoringrod)systemofthesupporting-protectingframeworkofthefoundationpitisbearingastressthatisincreasingsuddenly,orthereissignshowingthattheelementisyielded,cracked,loosenordrawnoff.

Unevensinkoftheconstruction(differentialsink)isalreadymorethanthepermittedsinkdifferencethatisspecifiedintheexistingspecificationforearthfoundationdesigning;orinclinationhasbeenmorethan0.0001H/dforthreecontinuousdays(H=heightoftheconstruction.

Acrackseamwithwidthof>3mm(1.5mm)appearsinthebuildingblockofexistingconstruction,orcrackseamwithwidthmorethan15mm(10mm)appearsinadjacentearthsurface.

Signthatmayleadtoashearingdamageappearsatthebottomofthefoundationpit,orothersignthatmayaffectsecurityappears.

circumstancethat,accordingtothelocalexperience,mustbemonitoredextensivelyappears.

Note：②Iftheadjacentconstructionswherepeoplearealwaysgathering,orareculturalrelics,historicalmemorialconstruction,orlocateatkeycommunicationways,ortherearecriticalpipenetworkorundergroundfacilitiestobeprotected,thedatainthebracketsshallbeusedaslimit.)

Appraisalforearthquake-resistanceofhouse

Basisofappraisalofdefenseagainstearthquake

<Standardforappraisalforconstruction>GB50023-95

1.0.3Theexistingconstructionsshallbedividedinto4categories,forwhichthecheckingcomputationandappraisalforstructureshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

CategoryA:checkingcomputationforearthquakeresistanceandstructureshallbepracticedinaccordancewithrulesspeciallydecided.

CategoryB:checkingcomputationforearthquakeresistancemaybepracticedinaccordancewithdefensiveintensity;forearthquake-proofstructure,itmaybeonedegreehigherthannormal,excludingthatis9degree.

CategoryC:Bothcheckingcomputationforearthquakeresistanceandstructureshallbeinaccordancewiththerequirementofearthquakeresistancedefensiveintensity.

CategoryD:At7~9degree,requirementofcheckingcomputationmaybelowerandearthquake-proofstructuremaybeloweredbyonedegree.Itisnotnecessarytodoappraisalforthoselowerthan6degree.

Generalrules

<Standardforappraisalforconstruction>GB50023-95

Appraisalforearthquakeresistanceoftheexistingconstructionshallincludethefollowingcontentandrequirement:

Theinitialinformationsuchassurveyreport,constructiondrawings,finishingdrawings,anddocumentsforacceptanceoftheprojectshallbecollected;remedyshallbedoneincaseinformationisnotsufficient.

Surveyhowtheexistingcircumstanceoftheconstructionmeetstheinitialinformationandthesituationofconstructionpropertyandmaintenance,torevealconcerneddefectsonnon-resistanceofearthquake.

Accordingtofactorssuchasspecialty,structurearrangement,frameworkandearthquake-resistanceloadbearingcapabilityofvariousconstructionsstructures,corresponding

appraisalmethodshallbeadoptedtomakeanalysisofcomprehensiveearthquakeresistancecapability.

Evaluationofentirecapabilityofearthquakeresistanceofexistingconstructionshallbemade.Tothosethatdonotmeetrequirementinappraisal,atreatmentplanonearthquakeresistanceandhazard-reducingshallbeprovided.

Thebasiccontentandrequirementformacro-controlandstructureappraisalforexistingconstructionshallmeetthefollowingrules:

Whenthehorizontalandverticalsurface,quality,rigiditydistributionandside-loadbearingelementssuchelementbrickwalloftheconstructionaresignificantlynotsymmetricinthearrangedplane,ananalysisofhazardfactorofearthquaketorqueeffectshallbecarriedout.Whenthereisdiscontinuitybetweenupperandlowerpartsoftheelementoramutationofrigiditydistributionalongtheheightexist,itisnecessarytofindouttheweaklocation,whichisthentobeappraisedinaccordancewithcorrespondingrequirement.

Whenthestructuresystemisbeinginspected,itisnecessarytofindoutthecomponentorelement,whosefailuremayleadtothewholesystemlostearthquakeresistancecapabilityorlostloadbearingcapability.Whenthereisahousewhosefloorplanesofthesamestoryareatdifferentelevations,ordifferenttypesofstructuresystemsaretobeconnected,requirementforearthquake

resistancecapabilityofthecorrespondinglocationshallbehigher.

Forthoseelementsofdegree6,checkingcomputationforearthquakeresistanceisnotnecessary.

Forthoseof8to9degree,ifthesiteofconstructionislocatedatapoorlocationsuchasanextrudinghillmouth,highandisolatedhill,non-rockysteepslope,riverbankoredgeofasideslope,evaluationshallbeperformedonthestabilityinearthquake,earthfoundationslippingtendency,andpossibledangeroftheconstruction.

ForcategoryBconstructionslocatedatriverbankorseashore,whenliquefiedlayerinclinestowardsrivercenterorseashore,anidentifyingjudgementfordangerofsoilslippingorcrackingafterliquidation.

4.2.6Whencheckingcomputationforloadbearingcapabilityofexistingnaturalearthfoundationisperformed,adesigningvalueofstaticloadbearingcapabilityofalongperiodpressed-to-densebaseearthshallbeusedinsteadofdesignvalueofstaticearthloadbearingcapability.Theformerisresultedfromthelattermultipliedbythecoefficientoflongperiodpressing-denseearthsoil.

Houseofbuildingblock

<Standardforappraisalforconstruction>GB50023-95

Thestructuresystemofexistinghouseshallmeetthefollowingrules:

Arrangementofhorizontalandverticalwallsissuitableastomeetthefollowingregularrequirements:

Massandrigiditydistributionalongheightcomparativelyuniformlyandevenly,varietyofverticalheightnomorethanonestory,floorelevationinonestorybeingnotmorethan500mm;

Masscenterandrigiditycenteroffloorarebasicallycoincideorveryclosetoeachother.

Actuallyreachedstrengthbrick,buildingblockandmortarofloadbearingwallshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

Whenstrengthofmortarusedforlayingwallbricksisof6or7degree,buildingblockatorunderthethirdfloorshallnotbelowerthanM0.4.

Theconnectionentiretyofexistinghousestructureshallmeetthefollowingrules:

Connectionbetweenverticalandhorizontalplanesshallbereliable.Ifthisrequirementisnotmet,measuresforreinforcementorothermethodshallbetaken:

Thewallbodyinoneplaneshallbeclosed;verticalpathssuchaschimneysand/orventilationpathsshallnotexistinthewallbodyatconnectionbetweenverticalandhorizontalwalls:

Connectionbetweenverticalandhorizontalwallsshallbewellengagedmutually;whentherearestructuralcolumnsmadeofconcrete,steelreinforcingbarsof2ф6shallbeinsertedintohorizontalbrickseamswithanintervalofevery10layers;Whenhollowbricksisusedwithreinforcedconcrete,theconcretecolumnshallgetthroughthefloorplatesfromlowertoupperstoriesandф4mmsteelbarsnetpiecesshallbepoint-weldedtoconnectthewallbodyatevery0.6metersheight.

Fishboneshapedroofframeworkwithoutlowerchordmembershallnotbeused.Forseparatedroomsthereshallhaveaverticalsupportorwoodsheathingandwoodkeelroof.Ifitisnotthecase,measuresforreinforcementandothercorrespondingmethodsshallbeadopted.

Arrangementandstructureofringbeamshallmeetthefollowingrequirement:

Forhousesofwhichconcreteispouredatsiteorentirelyassembledwithreinforcedconcrete,ringbeammaynotbeused.

Arrangementofringbeamandreinforcingbarsofassembledconcretehouseandroof(orwoodroof)withconcreteshallnotbelowerthanthatspecifiedintable;Requirementforarrangementofringbeamofhouse,ofwitchtheverticalwallisforloadbearing,shallbeincreasedaccordingly;hollow-hopperwallorhollowwallandhouseswithbrickwallthicknessbeing180mmshallbeequippedwithringbeamsateachstoryoftheoutsidewalls.

Houseswithassembledconcrete,roofandbui8ldingblocksshallhaveringbeansateachstory;thehorizontalspaceofringbeansatinternalwallsof7or8degreeshallnotbehigherthanthatof8degreeand9degreerespectivelyspecifiedItable5.2.3-2;

(5)ringbeamatroofshallbepreparedandpouredatsite.

Requirementofarrangementandstructureofringbeams table5.2.3-2

locationandquantityofsteelbararranged

degree7 degree8 degree9

houseroof

externalwall

Forall,excludingthosehavetwostorieswithprefabricatedconcreteboardsorwithkeelroof,woodsheathsuspendedroof.

Sametothatofexternalwall,

Forall Forall

Spacesbetweenringbeams

Internalwall

alsospacesbetweenringbeamsonlongitudinalandlatitudinalwallsshallnotbelongerthan8mand16mrespectively.

onlongitudinalandlatitudinalwallsshallnotbelongerthan8mand12mrespectively.

Spacebetweenringbeanson

longitudinalandlatitudinalwallsshallnotbelongerthan8m.

Buildingcover(roof)

Externalwall

Internalwall

Thereshallbeaseparatinglayerwhendistancebetweentwolatitudinalwallsislongerthan8morthehousehasmorethan4stories.

Foreveryotherstoryifdistancebetweentwolatitudinalwallsislongerthan8mandthehousehasmorethan4stories,meanwhilethelongitudinaldistancebetweenringbeamsshallnotlongerthan16m.

Foreverystoryifdistancebetweentwolatitudinalwallsislongerthan8m,andforeveryotherstoryifthedistancebetweentwolatitudinalwallsisnotlongerthan8mandthehousehasmorethan3stories.

Sametothatofexternalwall,meanwhilethelatitudinaldistancebetweentworingbeamsshallnotlongerthan12m

Foreverystoryifthehousehadmorethantwostorieswhiledistancebetweentwolatitudinalwallsislongerthan4m.

Sametothatofexternalwall,meanwhilelatitudinaldistancebetweentworingbeamsshallnotbelongerthan8m

Note:whendegreeis6,therequirementisconsideredasnon-earthquakeresistance.

Elements(anditsconnection)ofahouse,whichislikeitresultinpartialcollapse,shallmeetthefollowingrules:

Nonstructuralelementsshallmeetthefollowingrules,ifnot,reinforcementorothermeasureshallbeadoptedattheentranceandexitorthelocationclosetoastreet

Forparapetwallwithoutconnectingelementanddecorationdoorhead,ifstrengthofmortarisnotlowerthanM2.5andwithathicknessof240mm,itsheightextrudingoverroofshallnotbehigherthan0.5m,incasetheentiretyispoororisofanon-rigidstructurehouse.

Collapse-proofmeasuresshallbetakenforsmallchimneysthatisupoutoftheroofor

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locatedclosetoastreet.

Suspendedelementssuchasreinforcedconcretecoronaandraincollectorshallhavesufficientstability.

Forsuspendedextendingbuildingstory,through-length balconyorlocalsuspendedextendingbalcony,stairwaycabinetandcross-streetstoryattheend(s)ofthebuilding,orloadbearingwallthatisclosetoanindependentloadbearingbrickcolumn,requirementforloadbearingoftheconcernedwallbodyshallbehigherthanusual.

5.3.1Whencheckingcomputationisusedforamulti-buildingblockhouseforsecondclassappraisalwiththemethodofcomprehensiveindexofearthquakeresistancecapability,basedonthesituationhowthehouseconditioncontradictswiththefirstclassappraisal,themethodofindexofhousestoryaverageearthquakeresistanceandthemethodofindexofhousestorycomprehensiveearthquakeresistancerespectively.

Indexofbuildingstoryaverageearthquakeresistance,indexofbuildingstorycomprehensiveearthquakeresistanceandindexofwallsectioncomprehensiveearthquakeresistanceshallbecalculatedaccordingtobothoflongitudinalandlatitudinaldirectionrespectively.Whentheweakestindexofeachofthethreeislowerthan1.0,reinforcementand/orothermeasuresshallbetakenforthehouse.

ReinforcedconcreteHouse

<Standardofappraisalforconstructionearthquakeresistant>GB50023-95

6.1.5whenbuildingblockstructurelinkstoorreliesonashellframestructure,earthquakereactionbornebythebuildingblockstructureshouldbeenhanced;appraisalfortheshellframestructureshallbecalculatedcombingwiththeunfavorableeffectresultedfromlinkagebetweenthetwodifferentstructures.Non-structuralstructuressuchasbrickparapetwall,doorfaceandsmallroomsthatextrudeoutsideofhouseroofshallmeetspecifiedrules.

Structuresystemofexistinghouseshallmeetthefollowingrules:

Swingjointshallnotbeusedforshellframestructuresthatareofdegree8anddegree

9.

Forbeams,columnsandwallsofdegree8anddegree9,theconcretestrengthshallnot

belowerthanC18.

ForsitesofcategoryIandcategoryII,degree8and9,theshellframeshallmeetthedesigningrequirementofnon-earthquakeresistance,ofwhichtheanchoringlengthoflongitudinalbeamsinthecolumnshallnotbesmallerthan25timesofdiameterofthelongitudinalreinforcingbarforIclasssteel,30timeforIIclasssteel.WhenconcretestrengthclassisC13,theanchoringlengthshallbeincreasedby5timesofdiameteroflongitudinalsteelbar.Furthermore,categoryIIIandIVsitesofdegree7andwallsofdegree8anddegree9shallmeetthefollowingrequirementaswell:

Closingringsofbeamsandcolumnsshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

(1)Within1/6ofthenetheightofcolumnitsattheupperandlowerendsdiameterofthering

barshallnotbesmallerthanф6andspacenomorethan200mmfordegree8,andnosmallerthan

ф8,nomorethan150mmspacefordegree9.

(3)Forcolumnswhoseratiobetweennetheightandheightofcross-sectionnomorethan4,includingtheshortcolumnformedduetoclaybrickfillings,thediameterofcloseringbaralongthewholeheightrangeshallnotsmallerthanф8;forspacebetweenringbarsnomorethan150mmand100mmfordegree8anddegree9respectively.

Whenloadisbornebygablewallinashellframestructure,thegablewallshallhavewallcolumnsmadeofreinforcedconcrete,whichshallbereliablyconnectedtotheshellfrombeams.Itnot,itmustbereinforcedfordegree8anddegree9structures.

Forreinforcedconcretehouses,Thefollowingindexofplanestructurehousestorycomprehensiveearthquakeresistancecapabilityshallbeadoptedforthesecondclassappraisal.

Ingeneral,typicalplanestructuresmaybeselectedasrepresentativeonesfromtwomainaxialdirections.

Whenashellframestructureistobeconnectedtoaloadbearingbuildingblock,inadditiontomeetingtheaboverequirements,theplanestructureatconnectionlocationshallyettobeconsidered;

whenthereissignificanttorsion,inadditiontomeetingtheaboverequirements,thetorque