高等学校英语A级考试语法专题

新编实用英语综合教程第三册

全国英语A级考试语法研究

华南师范大学增城学院外语系大学英语教研室三主讲教师：江文静2009-2010学年.Unit1PromotingActivitiesLearningobjectives:1Somebasicpromotionmethods2Rulesforattendingexhibitions3Productprospectuses(章程）.Unit1PromotingactivitiesBackgroundknowledge:Whatismarketingmix?The6PStheory1Planyourmarketingstrategy2Pickawaytomarket3Priceitright4Packageitprofessionally5Promoteyourproduct/service6Provethatitworks.Ifnot,makeitbetterorgobackto1..Unit1Promotingactivities★Personalselling–flexibilityisitsstrengthItinvolvesfacetofacecommunicationbetweensellersandpotentialcustomers.Theadvantageoffacetofacesellingprovidesimmediatefeedback.★Massselling-reachingmillionsatapriceorevenfreeItiscommunicatingwithlargenumbersofpotentialcustomersatthesametime.Itislessflexiblethanpersonalselling..Unit1Promotingactivities★SalespromotiontriestosparkimmediateinterestSalespromotionreferstopromotionactivities-otherthanadvertising,publicity,andpersonalsellingthatstimulateinterest,trial,orpurchasebyfinalcustomersorothersinthechannel.Salespromotionsaimsatconsumers,atmiddleman,orevenatafirm’sownemployees.Forexample:coupons,samplesofconsumerproducts,specialsweepstakesandcontest,pointofpurchasematerialsanddisplaysattradeshows..Unit1PromotingactivitiesTextAgrammar:1现在进行时的用法Masssellingiscommunicatingwithlargenumbersofpotentialcustomersatthesametime.现在进行时表示经常性的动作，与always,constantly,continually,perpetually,usually,forever等副词连用。Example:sheisalwaysworking.Iamalwayslosingkeys.Thebossisalwayscrabbingaboutmywork..Unit1Promotingactivities2when引导的时间状语从句WhenColecointroduceditsCabbagePatchdolls,itheldpresspartiesforreportersandtheirchildren.When意为当……时候，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或先后发生。Example:whenIwaswonderinginthestreet,Imether.(主句和从句同时发生）Pleasetellhimaboutitwhenyouseehimback.（主句和从句先后发生）.Unit1Promotingactivities3If引导条件状语从句If是引导条件状语从句的连词，表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句，从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。Example:Ifyouheatice,itmelts.（真实）Ifyoudonotlearntothinkwhenyouareyoung,youmayneverlearn.（真实）Example:IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tinvitehimtotheparty.(非真实）TheflowerwouldnothavediedifIhadwateredthembeforeIlefthome.（非真实）.10rulesforattendingexhibitionsinchina1avoidattendingtheopeningceremony2exhibitsmayhavelittletodowiththeexhibition3don’tbedistractedbyprettymodels4goearly5don’tgoduringlunchhour6avoidanyboothwithabigscreenTV,avideogame,oraloundspeaker7handyournamecardsouttoeveryone8followtheguards9watchthesurfers10setatimelimit.Unit1PromotingactivitiesSummaryofthetext:▲lunchhourisn’tagoodtime,asvendorsaremoreinterestedineatingthanindoingbusiness.▲thecleverwaytoadvertiseyourcompanyistogiveyourbusinesscardstoeveryexhibitorwhoseboothyouvisit.▲youmaysavealotoftimebysettingatimelimitandgettingwellpreparedbeforegoingtotheexhibition..Unit1PromotingActivitiesImportantvocabulary:1Finalize(v):putsomethingintofinalform,completeExample:Iwillfinalizemyworkplanattheendofthisweek.2Getdowntobusiness着手做某事,定案Example:We'dbetterstopidletalkandgetdowntobusiness.我们快别闲聊了，该进入主题了。.Unit1Promotingactivities3Despair(n)stateofhavinglostallhopeDespairofsb/sth对某人某事失去信心Example:wehavedespairofhim,hecannotkeepajobformorethansixmonths.Despairing(adj)绝望的/Despairingly(adv)Example:Heshoweddespairingfeelingonhisface.Shelookedatjudgemandespairingly..Unit1Promotingactivities4consultation(n)请教，咨询，磋商Thereisapsychologyconsultationofficeinuniversityforsolvingmentalproblemsofenrolledstudents.5appreciation:admireofsborsth,valuehighlyAppreciate(v):understandandenjoyExample:youcan’tfullyappreciateforeignliteratureintranslation.看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓。Iappreciateyourproblem,butIdon’tthinkIcanhelpyou.我理解你的困难，但是却爱莫能助。.Unit1Promotingactivities6allocation(n)分配，安置/allocate(v)Example:heallocatedtaskstoeachofus.他给我们每个人都分配了工作。Wehavespentourentireallocationfortheyear.我们已经把今年拨给我们的全部经费都花光了。.Unit1PromotingactivitiesTranslationexercises:Part1:translatefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsinthebrackets.1她一家商店一家商店地看，最后以她能付出的价格买了她所需要的东西.(ataprice)Sheshoppedaroundtillshegotwhatshewantedatapriceshecouldafford..Unit1Promotingactivities2除了向我要东西，他从不跟我说话。（otherthan)Heneverspeakstomeotherthantoaskforsomething.3你永远应该以搞好你的工作为目的。Youshouldalwaysaimatdoingyourjobwell.4几个星期以来她一直呆在家中照顾有病的父亲。（betiedto)Shehasbeentiedtothehouseforweekslookingafterherinvalidfather..Unit1Promotingactivities5修建这条路是为了缓解交通拥挤。（bedesignedto)Theroutewasdesignedtorelievetrafficcongestion.6社会是由形形色色的人组成的。有些人很好，有些人很坏，也有些人介乎两者之间。（awidevarietyof)Societyismadeupofawidevarietyofpeople,somearegood,othersarebad,andstillothersareinbetween..Unit1PromotingactivitiesPart2translatefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsorexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.1在电视上推销新产品已经成了一种十分普遍但又十分恼人的作法。（promote)IthasbecomeaverycommonbutveryannoyingpracticetopromoteanewproductonTV..Unit1Promotingactivities2圣诞节那天，新世纪百货公司给前往该店购物的每位顾客赠送了一小盒巧克力。（giveaway)OnChristmasDay,NewCenturyDepartmentStoregaveawayasmallboxofChocolatetoeverycustomerwhoshoppedthere..Unit1Promotingactivities3等了很久以后我们终于看到校长在主席台上露面了。（showup,platform)Afterwaitingforalongtime,wefinallysawthepresidentshowupontheplatform.4街上隔一段距离设一个电话亭是文明的象征，同时也是城市里一条美丽的风景线。(Telephonebooths)Telephoneboothsplacedoneafteranotheralongthestreetsisthesymbolofcivilizationandabeautifulviewofthecityaswell..Unit1Promotingactivities5中国已经顺利完成两次载人航天的任务(mannedby)Thespaceshipsmanned（操作）byChinesehavewitnessedtwosuccessfulouterspacemissions.（任务）6直到今天，我仍然清楚地记得老校长在我们毕业典礼上讲的一席话。(graduationceremony)Eventoday,Istillrememberclearlywhattheoldheadmastersaidatourgraduationceremony..Unit1PromotingactivitiesHomework1:PleasereadnewpracticalEnglishworkbook3Unitonesectionthree(passagetwo)“businessisbusinessaroundtheworld,orisit?".Thinkofthreequestionsanddogrouppresentationinclass.Whatisculture?Howcultureimpactonbusinessenvironment?DoyouknowChinesebusinessculture?Pleasegivespecificexamplesasyouknown.Homework2:Translationexercisesonpage10andpage15Submissiondate:24thSeptember2009Homework3:Generalwriting“Describingthesellingpoints”onpage17.Unit1PromotingactivitiesCompletethefollowingdialoguebytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish.Mr.Li:Mr.Hu,______________(你的市场调研结果如何?)MsHu:asfarasIcansee,__________(迷你型手机在市场上卖得很好）MrLi:__________________(你认为这种新型的手机会取代老式的手机吗）MrHu:yes,Ibelieveso..Unit1PromotingactivitiesMsLi:whydoyouthinkso?MrHu:wellyousee,withthefastdevelopmentofmoderntechnology,（人们的生活条件在最近几年得到了很大改善）likewise,_________(他们的消费观念也在迅速发生变化）smartandhandymobilephoneshavebecomeanecessityformanypeople,youngpeopleinparticular.MrLi:Isee._________________(所以你相信手机的潜在市场一定会很大）MrHu:exactly..Unit2CompanyProfilesLearningobjective1IntroducingacertainCompany(background,businessscope)2UnderstandingHaierCompany’sprofileOrganizationalCultureofHaierCompany:-Productdiversity-InnovationTechnologyEmployee’spersonalcommitment

valueandexcellence.Corporategroupcommitment

positiveeconomic

andsocialbenefitsIfyouinterestedinmoredetailspleasevisitHttp://..Unit2CompanyprofilesPleasereadtextAandrethinkaboutthreequestionsasbelow:HowdoyouthinkHaiergroupinsertbranddiversityintomarketingstrategy?CanyousummarizethenewglobalcultureconceptofHaierGroup?HowcultureconceptrelatedtobrandconceptinHaierGroup?.Unit2CompanyProfilesNewInternationalconceptofHaierGroupCompany∵AcrossIndia,Haierwillmaketodaybetterthanyesterday.∴Haierinspiringliving..Unit2CompanyprofilesTextAgrammar:1现在完成时现在完成时主要用来表示完成某事或某一动作持续到现在的状态。其结构为：Have(has)+过去分词TheHaierGrouphasachievedgreatsuccessoverthepast16years.Example:Herlifehasrunsmoothlyuptonow.Ihavelivedhereallmylife..Unit2Companyprofiles2动词不定式作表语表示目的ThegoalsofHaieraretoestablishagloballyrecognizedChinesemarketbrandandbringhonortotheChinesenation.Example:Toliveistodosomethingworthwhile.活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。Thepurposeoftheexchangeprogramistopromotetheunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.这项交流计划旨在促进两国之间的相互了解。.Unit2Companyprofiles3非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句顾名思义就是对先行词没有特别限定的从句，常由who,whom,which,whose,as,when,where等关系词引导。在非限制性定语从句的前面通常用逗号隔开，它与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句关系紧密，只是对先行词作附加说明，即使去掉主句的意思依然清楚。Manyoutcomesarecloselyassociatedwiththecompany’sglobalbrandstrategy,wheretheHaierGroup’sachievementshavebeensignificant.Example:Theboydidn’tpasstheexam,whichdisappointedhisparentsverymuch.Themovieisverytouching,asmostaudiencesay..Unit2CompanyprofilesSummaryoftextBOrganizationalcultureofMaryKayCompany:★MaryKaycompetitionsaredesignedaroundtheideathatiscompetewithyourself.★Everyoneshouldhaveachancetowin.Butdonotorganizethekindofcompetitionwheresomeonehastohurtanotherpersoninordertowin.★Successfulmanagementcomesfromnotwastinganytime.Ifyouinterestedinmoredetailspleasevisitwebsite:Http://.Unit2CompanyProfilesImportantvocabulary:1Investment(n)anamountofmoneyinvested投资Example:Bycarefulinvestment,heobtainedabigprofit.2ease(v)reducethedifficultyortroubleofExample:Theydidthistoeasetheireconomiccrisis..Unit2CompanyProfiles3praise(v)speakfavourablyandwithadmirationof称赞Example:Shepraisedherdaughter’shardwork.4Prove(v)beshowntobesuch,turnout原来是，证明是Example:Theplanprovedtobeafailure.5Compete(v)trytowinsomethingincompetitionwithsomeoneelseExample:Thetwocompaniesarecompetingforacontract..Unit2CompanyProfiles6Distinctive(adj)ofafeaturethathelpstodistinguishapersonorthingExample:adistinctiveoutfitintendedtoidentifythosewhowearitasmemberofaspecificgroup.7Significant(adj)importantineffectormeaningExample:(1)TheirchangeofplanisstrangebutIdon’tthinkitissignificant.(2)Doyouthinkso?(助动词协助动词提问或否定.).Unit2CompanyProfiles8Recognition(n)thestateorqualityofbeingrecognizedoracknowledged认识，识别，认可Example:ThetownhasalteredoutofallrecognitionsinceIwaslasthere.9Strategy(n)anelaborateandsystematicplanofaction战略，策略Example:Ithinkweshouldworkoutastrategytodealwiththissituation..Unit2CompanyProfiles10notion(n)avagueideainwhichsomeconfidenceisplacedExample:eventuallyIputthemapaway,butthenotionofgoingtoAlaskalingeredon.11frequency(n)thenumberofoccurrenceswithinagiventimeperiod频率Example:Accidentsonthathighwayarehappeningwithincreasingfrequency..Unit2CompanyProfilesTranslationExercise:1这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你如何解释？(accountfor)Howdoyouaccountforthefactthatyouhavebeenlateeverydaythisweek?2政府已经承诺改善落后地区人民的生活条件。(commitoneselfto)TheGovernmenthascommitteditselftoimprovingthelifeconditionsofthepeoplelivingintheunderdevelopedareas..Unit2CompanyProfiles3根据最新报道，这次火车交通事故造成多名乘客死亡。（resultin)Accordingtothelatestreport,thetrainaccidentresultedinthedeathofseveralpassengers.4多呼吸新鲜空气有助于身体健康。（contributeto)Plentyoffreshaircontributestogoodhealth..Unit2Companyprofiles5他试图竞争学校学生会主席，但是没有成功。（competewith)Heattemptedtocompeteforthepositionofchairmanofthestudents’union,buthedidn’tgetinsucceed.6经过一年辛勤的努力，公司本年度目标全部都达到。Throughoutoneyearindustriouswork,thecompanyhasachievedallitsgoalsthisyear..Unit2CompanyProfiles1这一方法证明是非常成功的。（prove)Thismethodhasprovedtobeverysuccessful.2我们生了病才知道健康的价值。（theworthof)Wewon’tknowtheworthofhealthuntilweareill.3这种表演很受大学生的欢迎。(bepopularwith)Thiskindofperformancewasverypopularwithcollegestudents..Unit2CompanyProfiles4人们认识到吸烟有害健康。（Itisrecognizedthat)Itisrecognizedthatsmokingisbadtoone’shealth.5学习一件事情的主要方法是去做这件事情。（Thebestwayto)Thebestwaytolearnsomethingistodoit.6他们将和来自全世界的游泳选手进行比赛。(competewith)Theywillcompetewithswimmersfromacrosstheworld..Unit2CompanyProfiles7我们不能解决所有问题，但肯定能减轻他们的痛苦。(easeone’ssuffering)Wecan’tsolvealltheproblems,butwecertainlycaneasetheirsuffering.8那天晚上我玩得很开心，晚会上的其他人也都一样。（sodid)Ihadalotoffunthateveningandsodideveryoneelseattheparty..Unit2CompanyProfilesPleasevisitthesewebisiteandtrytoexplaincompanyprofilesofthemwithEnglish:1Http://苹果美国2Http://伯克希尔-哈撒韦美国3Http://www.toyota.co.jp/en丰田汽车日本4Http://谷歌美国5Http://强生美国6Http://宝洁美国7Http://联邦快递美国8Http://西南航空美国9Http://通用电气美国10Http://微软美国.Unit2CompanyProfilesHomework1:Translationexerciseonpage29andpage33Homework2:Generalwritingonpage35“Descriptionofanorganization”Submissiondate:Sunday11October2009.Unit2CompanyprofilesInclassexercise:Visitor:whatbusinessdoesyourcompanymainlyengagein?（从事）1You:________________________(我们一直从事汽车进口业务）Visitor:Howmanybranchofficesdoyouhave?2You:__________________(在中国有3家）.Unit2CompanyprofilesVisitor:whereisyourheadoffice?3You:_____________________(在多伦多）Visitor:whatwerethesaleslastyear?4You:_____________________(大约一亿八千万元）Visitor:whatisyourmarketshare?5You:__________________(大约10%）.Unit3PurchaseandpaymentLearningobjective:1Onlinecreditcardsarenotcompletelyreliableinsomeway2Howtotakeadvantageoftheinternetinbusiness3Talkingaboutproductsandprices.Unit3PurchaseandPaymentSummaryoftextAWhatareinfluencesofusingonlinecreditcards?★Sellersobtainedgreatprofitatthecostofcustomer’shighrisk.★Onlinesellersoversimplifiedtheprocessoftakingsecuritymeasures.★ISPshouldtakeresponsibilityformovingE-mailaccountstonewserversandlockingdataasearlyaspossible..Unit3PurchaseandPaymentBackgroundknowledge:WhatisFOB?(freeonboard:离岸价）FOBalsomeanstotalpirceofproductspaidbysellersbeforeloadedshipleavesfromdepartureport.Buyersshouldberesponsibleforplacinganorderofship.FOB即为装运港船上交货。指卖方在指定装运港于货物越过船舷时完成交付。.Unit3PurchaseandPaymentWhatisCIF?(costinsuranceandfreight)Costofdeliveryandinsuranceofproductsarepaidbysellersfromloadedporttodestinationport.Otherpaymentsarepaidbybuyersafterproductsareloadedonship.成本加保险费加运费.指当货物在装运港越过船舷时，（实际为装运船舱内），卖方即完成交货。货物自装运港到目的港的运费保险费等由卖方支付，CIF中一般用PORTTOPORT即港至港条款，启运港的费用由卖方承担，目的港的费用则由买方承担，但货物装船后发生的损坏及灭失的风险由买方承担。.Unit3PurchaseandPaymentImportantvocabulary1Involve(v):makesthnecessaryasaresultTheschemeinvolvescomputers.Thejobinvolvedmeinlondon.2Spans(v)/(n):(v)Extendover,stretchacrossHisknowledgespansmanydifferentareas.(n)Distanceorpartbetweentwospecifictimeorplaces.Thebridgecrossestheriverisasinglespan.3Prospective(adj):expectedtobeortooccurShewillshowthehousetoaprospectivebuyer..Unit3PurchaseandPayment4Instantly(adv):atonce,immediatelyPleasetellmeinstantlywhenhearrives.5Considerable(adj):greatinamountorsizeSheboughtthepianoatconsiderableexpense.6Profitable(adj):bringingprofitoradvantageItwouldbemoreprofitabletocombinethetwofactories.7Expand(v)becomegreaterinsizeOurforeigntradehasexpandedgreatlyinrecentyears..Unit3PurchaseandPaymentTextGrammar:1MyneighborswerecomplainingthattheirE-Bayaccountshadbeen“hijacked”tobuyandsellgoodsonline.过去完成时是描述在过去某一时间之前就完成的动作，即过去的过去。这个过去的时刻通常用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。.Unit3PurchaseandPayment常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：1Bytheendoflastweek2Bythattime3Longbefore4WhenIarrived5Sinceheleft6Beforethatyear7BeforeIarrivedExample:Bytheendofyesterday,wehadreceivedover1000lettersfromallovertheworld..Unit3PurchaseandPayment过去完成时用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算动词hope,wish,plan,want,mean,intend,attempt,thought,expect等表示打算，计划，希望，试图，认为等的动词用于过去完成时表示本打算做而未作。Example:Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight,butIdidn’tcatchthetrain..Unit3PurchaseandPayment2Whenthenewpasswords-whichebayhappilysenttotheuser’se-mailaccounts–arrived,theattackerswerewaitingtopickthemup.过去进行时主要用来表示过去某个时间正在进行的行为或正存在的状态。（1）表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，时间状语有then,atthatmoment,atthattime,atthetime,thistimeyesterday.Hismainpreoccupationatthattimewasgettingenoughtoeat..Unit3PurchaseandPayment(2)用于描写故事情景，或提供故事发生的时间背景Thefirewasburningfiercely.Childrenwerecrying.Womenwererunningaboutandmenweretryingtoputitout.(3)表示过去将要发生的动作Theaudiencewasbecomingrestless.(4)表示礼貌Iwaswonderingifwecouldseehertomorrow.(5)表示特定情绪ShewasalwaysringingmeupwhenIwasinbusiness.我出差时她总不停地给我打电话。（表示厌烦）.Unit3PurchaseandPayment注意：过去进行时往往表示未完成，而一般过去时往往表示完成。Example:ShestudiedinLondonlastyear.去年她在伦敦学习过。ShewasstudyinginLondonlastyear.Idon’tknowifshehasreturned.她去年在伦敦学习，不知她是否回来了。.Unit3PurchaseandPayment3ItsohappenedthatonDecember18myISPhadmoved7500e-mailaccountstoanewserver.形式主语it替代主语从句,that从句做作主语时通常用it作先行词,而将that从句置于句末。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有如下几种：.Unit3PurchaseandPayment1It+系动词+形容词+that从句Itislikelythathecan’tcometothepartytonight.2It+系动词+名词+that从句Itisourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.3It+be+动词的ed形式+that从句Itisreportedthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.4It+特殊动词+that从句IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled..Unit3PurchaseandPayment4Youcandesignaformthatletsprospectiveclientsfillintheirownquotationandsenditinstantlybye-mailtoyou.宾语从句用法：主句中是一个包含主谓宾的简单句,用that引导的从句来修饰主句中的宾语,that在从句中只是连接词不充当任何成分。.Unit3PurchaseandpaymentTranslationexercise:1盗贼从着家银行偷走了一大笔现金.Thethievesmadeoffwithalargesumofmoneyfromthebank.2高血压使千百万人有患心脏病的危险.Highbloodpressureplacesmillionsofpeopleattheriskofheartdisease.3在做任何决定之前都要慎重思考.Thinktwicebeforeyoumakeanyimportantdecisions.（三思而后行）.Unit3Purchaseandpayment4AlargepartoftheAfricancontinentisindangerofbecomingadesert.5Notoncehashesuggestedagoodwaytodealwithanyproblem..Unit3Purchaseandpayment1Inthemountainareas,growingnumbersofilliteratepeoplenowhaveaccesstoeducation.2Youcan’tsitonthefenceforever,youhavetomakeadecisionaboutit.3Asyoucansee,thereisalotoftradeinformationavailable..Unit3Purchaseandpayment4Shecalledupthemanagerandaskedifshecouldgetadiscount.5Successinthisfieldrequiresintelligence,andtalent,andaboveallhardwork..Unit3PurchaseandpaymentE-businessmeansopportunitiesWhatisE-business?E-businessderivedfromsuchtermsasE-mailandE-commerceistheconductofbusinessontheinternetnotonlybuyingandsellingbutalsoservicingcustomersandcollaboratingwithbusinesspartners.ThesignofagoodE-businessisnotjustbeingabletosellbooks,butknowinghowmanybooksyouhavesold,andtowhom,alsotoanswerquestionslikewhatbooksaretheybuyingnext..Unit3PurchaseandpaymentE-commerce(electroniccommerce)E-commerceisthebuyingandsellingofgoodsandservicesontheinternet,especiallytheworldwideweb.Inpracticethistermandanewerterm,e-businessareoftenusedinterchangeably.(可交替地）.Unit3PurchaseandPaymentPutinuse:A:Canyoushowusyourcatalogue?B:__________________(当然可以。这是我们部分热销商品的目录）A:Thankyou.We’reverymuchinterestedinsomeofthem.Hereisanenquirysheetwehavedrawnup.B:__________________(谢谢，我们会仔细研究的）.Unit3PurchaseandPaymentA:Howabouttheavailabilityofyourproducts?B:_______________________（多数商品可以稳定供货）A:DoyouquoteFOBorCIF?B:__________________(我们通常按抵岸价报价）A:Themarketatourendhasbecomeprettycompetitive.Inordertosellsuccessfullythere,yourgoodswillhavetobecompetitiveinpriceaswell.B:__________________.(您会发现我们的价格很有吸引力）.Unit3PurchaseandPaymentHomework1Translationexercisesonpage47and50.2Generalwritingonpage55Question6:WriteshortparagraphstodescribethepictureswiththeinformationgivenbelowinChinesebesidesthepictures..Unit4Trainingacrosscultures1learningobjective:●Culturedifferenceswouldcausestereotypesandmisunderstandings●WhyshouldyoukeepchangingintheITage●Conferenceinvitation.Unit4Trainingacrosscultures1Compliment（n):expressionofpraise,admiration,approval.Complimentsbonsth对某人表示赞美钦佩。Icomplimentedheronherskillfulperformance.2Elucidate(v):makesthclear/elucidation(n)Youhavenotunderstood,allowmetoelucidate.Thisrequireselucidation.此事需要解释清楚。3Irritate(v)：makesbangry/irritation(n)Excessivemedicationcanirritatesurroundingskin.过量药物可能刺激周围皮肤。4Perspective（n）:ThewaythatyouobservesomthingHeseesthingsintheirrightperspective.他观察事物很正确。5Startle(v)giveasuddenshockorsurpirsetoIwasstartledtohearhisnews.Iwasstartledbyhisnews..Unit4Trainingacrosscultures6Escalate:causesthtoincreaseThegovernmentisdeliberatelyescalatingthewarforpoliticalreasons.政府出于政治目的蓄意使战争逐步升级7Obsolete:outofdate,nolongerusedThehorse-drawnploughisnowobsoleteinmostEuropeancountries.马拉的犁现在欧洲多数国家均已经不再使用。8Pertain(v):beconnectedwithPertaintosth与某事物有关联Iamafraidthatyourremarkdoesnotpertaintothequestion.恐怕你的话与这一问题不相干。9Seniority：beingseniorinage,rank.年长，级别高，资格老seniorcitizen退休的人Shouldpromotionbethroughmeritorseniority?晋升应该凭成绩还是靠年资？10Strenuous:makinggreatefforts,engergeticDiscontinuestrenuousexerciseduringillness.

生病期间暂停激烈运动。

.Unit4TrainingAcrossCulturesGrammarAnalysis1WhatinterestedmemostwasthewayVietnameseconceptsandvaluesweretranslatedintoEnglish.Wh-类连接代词（who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever等）和连接副词（when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however)what也可不表示疑问，表示…..的事，话，东西。Wh类连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句可放于句首也可以放在句尾，放于句尾需要用形式主语替代wh从句。.Unit4TrainingacrossculturesExample:Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西更好。（不可转换为形式主语从句)Itseemsbetterthanwhatwehavewhatwecan’tget.Whatimpressmemostishissincerityanddiligence.令我印象最深刻的是他的诚挚和勤勉。Itishissincerityanddiligencewhatimpressmemost..Unit4Trainingacrosscultures2Collegesexplainedthattheymeantthattheywantedtoperformthissmallserviceforme,andthatIdidn’thavetothankthem,orevennoticewhattheyhaddone.That引导宾语从句时无词义，不作任何成分，口语中一般省略。Example:that引导的宾语从句Ithink(that)youshouldturntotheteacherforhelp.Hesaid(that)hecouldfinishhisdesignbeforesupper.宾语从句连接词主要有：that,if/whether,wh-。在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句，和形容词的宾语从句。.Unit4Trainingacossculturesif/whether引导的宾语从句If/whether引导宾语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义:”是否”。If/whether不能省略。Hehasn’tdecidedif/whetherhewillgoabroadforfurtherstudy.Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego..Unit4Trainingacrosscultureswh类词引导的宾语从句Wh类词包括连接代词(who,whom,what,which,whoever,whichever)等和连接副词(when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however)等。Hewantedtoknowwhathavebeendonetopreventtheairpollution.Couldyoupleaseshowmehowyouusethenewequipment?Noneofusknowswherethesenewaccessories（零件）canbebought..Unit4Trainingacrosscultures3Becomingcomputerliterateisanabsolutemustforthosewhowishtoremaincompetitiveinthejobmarketofthefuture.对那些希望在未来的人才市场上保持竞争的人来说，懂得电脑是绝对必要的。动名词可在句子中作主语表示一种概念，习惯或经验。Example:Thegettingoutdoorsisthegreatestpartofthejourney.跨出大门是旅程中最伟大的一部分。.Unit4Trainingacrosscultures有时先用it作形式主语，把ing形式置于句尾。Itisnousecomplaining.怨天尤人没有用。Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子们一起玩真好。有时可用先行词it作主语，而把动名词主语放到句子后部去，作表语的可以是形容词，也可以是名词。Itishopelessarguingaboutit.争辩这事没有用。Itisawondermeetingyouhere.在这里碰到你真是奇迹。.Unit4Trainingacrosscultures4Tobecompetitiveinaglobaleconomy,companiesmustusesophiscatedcomputermodelsforproductivityandstatisticalmethodsforqualitycontrol.为了在全球竞争中具有竞争力，公司必须使用复杂的计算机模型来提高生产力，利用统计的方法来进行质量控制。Example:Toachieveouraimofmodernization,wemustlearnfromthedevelopedcountries.为了实现我们的现代化目标我们必须向发达国家学习。.Unit4Trainingacrosscultures动词不定式作目的状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后，一般放在句子后部。但如要表示强调，也可位于句首，前面加inorder,但不能用soas.值得注意的是不定式作目的状语时，其否定式不能用not+不定式，必须使用inordernot+不定式或soasnot+不定式。Example:Tosucceed,onemustfirstofallbelieveinhimself.想要成功，首先必须相信自己。.Unit4TrainingacrosscultureTextATherearemanydifferentculturevaluesamongdifferentcountries.Vietnamesevaluesrevealedsolidarityandfamiliarity.Australiacultureisfocusedonprivacy.Culturestereotypesprovideusinsightunderstandingofdifferentculturesystem..Unit4TrainingacrossculturesTextBCollegedegreearebecomingobsoletebecauseofinformationtechnologydevelopment.Morecomputingknowledgewillbeneededtomanagebusinessandofficeforemployees.Today’semployeeswillneedtobeenrolledbycontinuingeducationiftheywishtoremaincompetitiveinthejobmarketofthefuture.Whodonotchangeandcontinuetolearnwillbepassedbythosewhodo..Unit4TrainingacrossculturesTranslationexercises:1Incultureexchanges,misunderstandingisoftenunavoidable.2InmyfewyearsofstudyinBritain,Ihadchancestomeetstudentsofallsortsofnationalities..Unit4Trainingacrosscultures3Inwesterncountries,itisacommonwayforstudentstosendChristmascardstoteacherstoshowtheirrespect.4Myteacherlookedatme,withapuzzledexpressionontheface.5weareallawarethatcompetitioninthemarketisveryfierce.(凶猛的）6whensomeChineseidiomsaretranslatedintoEnglish,theirmeaningsmays