毕业设计专业翻译

西南石油学院2005届本科毕业设计（论文）南充市青居镇第一小学教学楼、综合楼高边坡加固及地基处理设计PAGE26PAGE25Mechanicalandelectricalsystems

--fromBuildingAdditionsDesignThedesignofthemechanicalandelectricalsystemsforabuildingadditionrequires,inmostinstances,thesameapproachasthedesignofanewbuilding.Ineffect,thedesignerinbothinstancesisrespondingtothesamerequirementsofprovidingsatisfactoryenvironmentalconditionsofcomfortandconvenienceforthebuilding'soccupantsandadequateutilitiesforthebuilding'soperation.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletodescribenotthestandardelementsofthemechanicalandelectricaldesign,butthosefactorswhichdistinguishthedesignofadditionsfromthoseofnewstructures.SincethesefactorsoftenapplytoboththeMechanicalandelectricalengineeringdesignoftheneextension,wewillreviewtheseaspectsinacombinedsenseandpointoutwheretheremaybeaspecialimpactonaspecificengineeringdiscipline.ADEQUACYOFUTILITIESInadditiontodeterminingtheabilityofthepresentsystemtosatisfytheneedsoftheextendedbuilding,theincomingutilitiesmustbeofadequatesizetothenewrequirements.Acarefulreviewoftheseutilitiesshouldbemadebysomeoneknowledgeableinthespecificengineeringfields.

Attheearliestpossibletime,assessmentsmustbemadeofthepresentandfutureloadingonthevariousutilityserviceswhichsupplythemechanicalandelectricalsystems.Thesemustincludetherequirementsforwater(includingbothdomesticandfireprotectionrequirements),gas,electricity,stormdrainage,andsanitarysewers.Basedupontheseanalyses,anynecessaryrequirementsforextracapacityintheutilitiesmustbereflectedinthedesignofthenewextension.

Localcodesandutilitycompaniesusuallyrequirethatonlyoneserviceconnectionbeallowedtoabuilding.Therefore,whenadditionalutility-serivcecapacityisnecessary,theoldutilityservicewilleitherhavetobeenlargedorabandonedandreplaced.

Carefulnoteshouldbetakenofanyexistingorpendingmoratoriaorrestrictionswhichmaybeineffectatthetimethatextensionwillhavetobeoccupiedorbuilt.Inmanycommunities,becauseofashortageofsanitarywastedisposalfacilitiesorlackofadequategassupplyorwatercapacity,moratoriahavebeenestablishedwhichwouldpreventtheconstructionofneworextendedbuildingswhichwouldfurtherstrainthesesystems.Thiswouldpreventtheconstructionandoccupancyofthenewextension.Itisimportanttoknowabouttheserestrictionsbeforeanysubstantialeffortismadetodesignandbuildtheaddition.

Wheretheutilitiesarefoundtobeinadequate,additionalservicewillhavetoberequestedfromthelocalutilitycompany.Itisimportant,beforeanymajorexpenditureismadeintheproject,aletterbeobtainedfromtheutilitycompanytotheeffectthattherequesthasbeenreceivedandthatadditionalservicewillbeprovidedatnecessarytime.

Whenadditionalsewer,gas,orelectriclinesarenecessary,becarefultodeterminetheoriginofthesepipesandtheportionofthecostofinstallationtheownerwillhavetobearToooftenownershavediscoveredthatwhilecapacitywasavailable,itwaseconomicallyunfeasibletopayforthelonglengthofpipeorwirenecessarytoachievetheinstallation.IMPACTONEXISTINGSYSTEMSThedesignofthesystemsforthenewextensionshouldbeapproachedwiththeunderstandingthat,inthiscase,thedesignerhasanadvantage.Theexistingbuildingcanbemeasured,analyzed,andobserved.Thereforethereshouldbenosurprisestothedesignerabouttheconditionoftheexistingsystemsandtheirimpactonthenewsystemsandviceversa.Oneofthemajorimpactswhichtheextensionmayhaveontheexistingequipmentisthefactthatsomelocalcodesrequiremodificationofexistingsystemstomeetthepresentcoderequirements,ifthesystemsdonotalreadyconform.Oftenthisrequirementistiredtothesizeoftheaddition.Oneofthefirstinvestigationsthedesignteamshouldmakeincontemplatingtheadditionistoexaminethelocalcodestoseewhatimpacttheymayhaveonboththeexistingandnewsystems.Theattachmentofanynewequipmenttoanexistingsystemisboundtocreatechallengesandproblemswhichshouldbeanticipatedinordertoavoidtrouble.Forinstance,whenanewpumpisplacedonlinewithanexistingpipingsystem,oftenanumberofleakssuddenlyappearwhichwerepreviouslynotknownabout.Soitiswithanewextension.Anearlyfactorinthedesignistodeterminethelifeexpectancyofthepresentequipmentandsystems,forwhiletheremaybesparecapacityinthesystem,portionsorallofitmaybesooldthatitisnotworthwhileorfeasibletoextendthesystemtothenewaddition.Thisexistingsystemsurveywilldeterminehowmuchoftheexistingsystemwillhavetobereplacedwithnewparts,equipment,orevenentiresystems.Anotherquestionwhichmustbeansweredearlyintheanalysisiswhetherornotthenewlyenlargedstructurewilloperateasonesystem.Ofcourseitisusuallybettertohaveonesystemthroughouttheenlargedbuilding.Notonlyareoperationandmaintenanceeasier,butthisisalsousuallythemostcosteffectiveapproachMechanicalandelectricalsystemmustbeevaluatedindependently,sincetheconditionofeachonemayvaryconsiderably,andaseparatedeterminationmustbemadeastothedesirabilityofretaining,modifying,orreplacingeachsystem,inwholeorinpart.LOCATIONANDDISTRIBUTIONOften,whiletheremaybeadequatesparecapacityintheexistingutilitiesandsystems,aproblemarisesfromthelocationoftheseelementsinrelationtothelocationoftheextensionForinstance,aboilerwithplentyofsparecapacitymaybesofarthearcaitissupposedtoheatthatitcannotdoaneconomicalandefficientjob.Thebestsolution,therefore,maybetorelocatethemechanicalroomofanextendedbuildingtoamorecentrallocationinthenewcomplex.Thedecisionofwhetherornottorelocatetheexistingequipmentflowsfromtherequirementsofthespecificproject.Notonlyisthehorizontallocationimportanttoconsiderbutalsotheverticaldistance.Forinstance,anair-conditioningsystemmaybewelllocatedforthepresentbuildingbutmaybedoomedtofailureifextendedtohigherlevels,andmorefancapacityorgreaterductsizemayberequired.Howthepresentpiping,duct,andelectricaldistributionsystemsarearrangedareimportantelementswhichmustbeinvestigatedinordertohaveaclearpictureofthenewextension'simpact.Letusexaminesomeoftheseelements.Theverynatureofapipingsystemdependsuponsizes,length,andslopeifagravitysystemisutilized,andsizeandlengthifapressurizedsystemisutilized.Attemptingtoextendpipingtoofarcancreateproblemsindistributiontothenewareas.Theseproblemsarisefrominadequateslopeinthecaseofgravitysystem,suchassewers,andtoomuchfrictionduetolengthinothercases.Itisimportant,therefore,tomakesurethatthenewdistributionlayoutofthepipesiswithintheacceptedstandardsofsize,distance,andslope.Withregardtoductworkforheating,ventilating,andairconditioning,thesamerulesapply,sincefrictionisaproductofthesizeandlengthoftheductwork.Inaddition,inbothpipesandducts,quiteabitofenergylosscanresultfromtoomuchdistancefromthesourcetothedestination.Adequateinsulationwillbenecessaryinthesecases.Locationsofpipeandductrisersarealsoofsignificance,sincetheydeterminepatternsinmultistorybuilding.Especiallyinverticaladditionstheymustbecarefullyplacedsoasnottoaffectadverselytheexistingbuildingoperations.Thelessontobelearnedwhenevaluatingabuildingistheimportanceofnotonlythesparecapacityoftheexistingsystems,butalsothenewlocationanddistancestowhichtheymustbeextended.ENERGYCONSIDERATIONSThedesignofanadditiontoanexistingbuildingprovidesanopportunitytoimprovetheenergyuseoftheentirebuilding.Thedesignofequipmentandsystemsfortheadditionshouldnotonlylooktothenewextensiontoachieveenergy-savinggoals,butalsoshould,whereverpossible,seektoachievethesesavingsintheexistingbuildingaswell.Thesameenergy-conservationconsiderationswhichareapplicabletonewconstructionareofimportanceinthedesignoftheextension.Thebuildingofanextensiongivestheownera"secondchance"toachieveenergysavingswhichwerepossiblynotavailableatthetimeoftheoriginaldesignandconstruction.Whileinnowayattemptingtobeallinclusive,somepftheentirebuildingarelistedbelow:·Designtheorientation,siting,andlandscapingofthenewextensionformaximumpassivesolareffect.·Takctheopportunitytofullyinsulatenotonlythenewwork,butalsoanyequipment,piping,andductworkexisting.Thismayalsobeagoodtimetoremoveasbestosinsulation.·Designtheenvelopeoftheadditionbyusingshadingcontrols,multipleglazing,andextrainsulation.·DesignacombinedHVACsystem,heatrecovery,andthermalstoragesystems,whereitisfeasible.·Makesurethattheequipmentissizedfortheloadswhichwillbeimposed.·Considerinthedesigntheinstallationoftheloadsheatingelements,bothpassiveandactive,aswellasanyotherrenewableenergysource.·Carefullyreviewtheelectricallightingsystemforefficientperformance,andinstalladequateswitchinginordertoisolateareasoflightingaswellasequipmentwhicharenotinuse.·Considertheinstallationofanenergymanagementcontrolsystemtoassistintheenergy-efficientoperationofbuilding.·Whereverpossible,considernaturalcoolingthroughventilation,nightflushing,evaporation,radiation,ordehumidification.·Considermaximumuseofnaturallightinginthedesign.·DividetheHVACsystemsintoproperzonesinordertorespondmostefficientlytolocalconditions.·Makeprovisionsforpossiblefutureenergy-conservingmeasures.Withtheseandothermethodswhichtheindividualbuildingsituationmightsuggest,itispossiblethattheadditioncanhelpdevelopafargreaterenergyconservationprogramthantheextensionalonemaysuggest.CONDITIONOFEXISTINGEQUIPMENTAsbeenexplainedinseveraloftheforegoingsections,theconditionoftheexistingequipmentandsystemaccessoriescanquiteoftenbethedeter-miningfactorinevaluatinganewsystemshouldbeinstalledorwhetheranattemptshouldbemadetoutilizeandpossiblyextendtheexistingequipment.Toarriveattheproperdecisioninthesecasesrequirestheinputofexpertswhoknowtheequipmentandsystems,Withtheenormousvariationsinthetypeofadditions,aswellasthetypeofexistingequipment,itisalmostimpossibletogeneralizetosuggestafewsimpleideas:·Inanyadditionproject,theprimereasonforkeepingexistingequipmentinservice-determinedonlyaftercarefulanalysis-isthatpotentialremainingusablelifewillmakeitsretentioncosteffective.·Existingequipment,althoughpresentlyoperatingingoodcondition,maybeadverselyaffectedbytheadditionofnewloads,andtheimpactofthisincreasedstressshouldbecarefullyconsidered.·Thedesiretoretainexistingpieceofmechanicalorelectucalequipmentshouldnot,byitselfpreventtheinstallationofamoreefficient,costeffectivesystemfortheentirebuilding.·Takeintoconsiderationtheenergyconservation,operation,andmain-tenanceaspectsinmakingthedecisiontoreuseorreplaceequipment.·Whereequipmentisstillingoodandusablecondition,butwhereitdoesnottotallyfitinwiththelong-rangeplans,considerationshouldbegiventoaphasedreplacementoftheequipment,sothatallgoalsareeventuallymetwhiletheexistingequipmentisutilizedtothemaximum.·Insomesituations,considerthepotentialsalvagevalueoftheoldequipmentinmakingyoureconomiccomparison.·Becausenewerequipmentisusuallysmallerinsizeandmoreefficient,considerwhetherornotthereplacementofalarge,olderpieceofequipmentmightallowextraroomintheexistingmechanicalspacetoprovideforthegreaterloadsoftheextendedbuilding.OPERATIONANDMAINTENANCEInthedesignofthesystemsforthebuildingthedesignerwillhavetobesensitivetotheoperationalaspectsofthebuilding,sinceitisinthisareathatthelargesthiddencostsmayoccur.Thisisespeciallytruewithanad-ditionsincethedesignerisdealingwithbothnewandexistingequipmentand,therefore,theproblemsmaybecomeenlarged.Forexample,wherenewandoldequipmentisinvolved,thestorageofsparepartsbecomesaproblembecausetheownerwillhavetodealwithdissimilarequipment,usuallyofdifferentgenerations.Tobestprovideforthis,thecontractorwhoinstallsthenewequipmentandhooksitontotheoldequipmentshouldputtogetheracomplete,comprehensiveoperationandmaintenancemanualwhichcoversalltheequipment.Thisshouldinclude,wheneverpossible,whenever,possible,literatureforeachmajorpieceofequipment,aswellaslubricationschedules,valvetagschedules,testingandbalancingreports,andalistofallnecessaryaccessoriessuchasfiltersandfanbelts.Theimportantfactoristhattheentireinstallationshouldbeviewedasonesystemandnotasindividualsystems,sincethatishowtheownerwillhavetolivewithitduringthelifeofthebuilding.Atthetimetheadditionisdesigned,seriousconsiderationshouldbegiventotheinstallationofacentralizedcontrolsystem,whichwillmonitortheimportantoperationalandmaintenancecontrols,aswellasanenergymanagementcontrolsystem.Inthisway,inonecentrallocation,theim-portantaspectsoftheextendedbuildingmaybemonitored.MAINTAININGTHEEXISTINGBUILDINGINOPERATIONAfactorwhichoftendistinguishestheadditionfromnewconstructionistherequirementtomaintaintheexistingbuildinginfullorpartialoperationduringtheinstallationofthenewaddition.Thiscanbeverydifficultperiodfromthepointofviewofreducedemployeecomfort,productivity,andprofit.Andsoitisamattertobeconsideredveryseriously.Thereisonlyoneanswertothequestionofhowtobestprovideforthisdifficultperiod.Thatoneanswerisplanning!Themoretimespentinanalyzingandforecastingtheoperationalaspectsoftheexistingbuildingduringtheinstallationoftheaddition,thegreatertheopportunityforasmoothtransitionduringtheconstructionperiod.Animportantaspectwhichmustbeconsideredistheprotectionandsafetyofthebuildingoccupantsduringtheconstruction.Carefulthoughtmustgointoseparatingthevariouscirculations:thebuilderwithneedsforaccessandstorageofmaterials;theemployeeswithneedsforaccessandcirculationthroughoutthebuilding;andtheoperationalrequirementsthatmustcontinueduringtheconstruction.Whilethecontractorwillbegiventheresponsibilityformaintainingsafetyonthesite,theownermustdoproperplanninginadvancetoseethatallaspectsoftheoperationsareconsideredandprovidedfor.Thearchitectmustincludeinthecontractdocumentsallnecessarylanguagetoalertthecontractortothepotentialproblemsandsiterestrictionsandtodefinethecontractor'sresponsibilitytomaintainasafeoperationandpremises.

Majordifficultiesarisefromthechangeoversinservicethatareoftennecessarywhennewsystemsareeitheraddedto,orsubstitutedfor,existingsystems.Theseeventsshouldbeplanned,wheneverpossible,forweekends,holidays,orvacationperiodstolimitthelossofproductivityandtheinconveniencetothebuilding'soccupants.Insomeinstancesitmaybenecessarytoinvolvetemporaryservicesinordertoavoidthesehardships.Anticipatingtheseeventsandplanningfortheiroccurrenceisamajorfactorinthesuccessoftheadditionproject.Itmustnotbeoverlooked,becauseitcanbeextremelycostlyinmoneyandpersonneldissatisfactionwhennotproperlyaccommodated.HISTORICBUILDINGSWhenaddingtobuildingsofhistoricorarchitecturalsignificancetherearecertainspecialchallengesinthedesignandinstallationofthemechanicalandelectricalsystems.Thesechallengesposebothproblemsandopportunities,andshouldbeapproachedwithasopenamindaspossibleinordertofindthebestsolutionsfortheparticularproject.Indecidingwhichmechanicalandelectricalsystemsshouldbeinstalledinthebuilding,oneofthemainconsiderationswillbetheopportunitiesavailabletodesignertoplanthenecessarypipingandductworkdistri-bution.Thiscanbethedecisivefactorintheselectionofthosesystems,sinceitisusuallythedistributiveelementsofthesystems,andnotthemainequipment,whichposetheproblemsinthesetypesofbuildings.Thespecialnatureofthehistoricbuildingusuallyrequiresthatthebuildingbealteredaslittleaspossibleduringtheinstallationoftheneworalteredsystems.Manyofthedevicesthatthedesignerusestolocateandconcealthepipesandductsinanewbuildingarenotavailableinthehistoricinterior.Hungceilings,pipechases,andwetcolumnsareusuallynotavailableinthistypeofbuidling,exceptiftheyaredesignedwithgreatsensitivity,Toachievethenecessarydistributionofsystemsinthesebuildings,variousdeviceshavebeenused.Forinstance,designershavefoundmasonryshaftsintheheavyinteriorandexteriorwallsofolderbuildingswhichmightoncehavebeenusedforventilationsystemsandwhichnowcanbeusedasverticalchasestoconcealpipingandductwork.Horizontaldistributionisoftenthemostdifficulttoachievewell.Avarietyofmethodsareavailabletothedesigner,dependinguponthespecificcircumstances.Thesemayrangeallthewayfromfullyexposingthepipes,ducts,andconduitsasfreestandingelementsandpaintingthembrightcolors,tokeepingallthedistributioninverticalshafts,diffusingtheairthroughwallgrilles,andplacingallelectricalreceptaclesonthewalls,Otherinter-estingdevicesforconcealinghorizontaldistributionincludetheuseoffiat-wiredistributionsystemsbelowthecarpetandtheuseofa"cloud"ceiling,onewhichfloatsfreeofallwallsandthereforedoesnotengageanyverticalsurface.Inthatwayitconcealsthepipingandductworkaboveitwithoutappearingaspartofthehistoricinterior.Ductsandpipeswhichmustextendoutfromthewallstoabovethe"cloud"arepaintedinsuchawaytobenoticedaslittleaspossible.Existingmouldingssometimesprovideuniqueopportunitiestoconcealpipingandconduit.Becauseoftherelativelyhighceilingsusuallyfoundinolderbuildings,thesemouldingswilloftenbeaboveeyelevelandthereforeofferagoodchanceatconcealment.Wherethemouldingmaynotbeofasizesufficienttoprovideadequatecover,itissometimespossibletobuildupawidermouldinginordertodojob.Thechoiceoflighting,plumbing,andotherfixturesandaccessorieswhichappearonthesurfacesofthehistoricbuildingshavetoberesearchedandcarefullyselectedinordertofitwithinthehistoricinterior.Oldpicturesofthebuildingorofthoseofthesameerawillsometimesgivecluesastowhatisacceptable.Theuseofarchitecturalhistorianstoassistinthisresearchcanbeveryhelpful.Oftenexistingfixturesmayberefurbishedandalteredasnecessarytoworkwellinthenewbuildingaddition.

Insummary,whilethehistoricbuildingpresentsanumberofdifferentchallengestothemechanicalandelectricaldesigner,italsopresentsanamaz-ingassortmentofopportunitiesforcreativesolutionswhichnotonlyprovidetheproperconditionstothebuilding'soccupants,butalsopreserveanim-portantsenseofhistory.

VERTICALTRANSPORTATIONIndesigningthenewaddition,thearchitectandengineermusttakeintoaccounttheinstallation,whenrequired,ofnewverticaltransportationsys-tems,suchaselevators,escalators,andmateriallifts.Alsocomingintothiscategoryarethesystemsforthetransportingofmaterialsthroughoutthebuildingsuchaspneumatictubesystemsandconveyors.Inthecaseofthesetypesofinstallations,thedesignermusttakespecialcarethatthenewsystemswillfitwithintheexistingbuilding.Structuralproblemsoftenoccurbecauseoftheconflictbetweenthenewsystemsandtheexistingbeams,girders,columns,andslabs.Whennewopeningsarerequiredtoaccommodatethenewsystems,theyshouldalwaysbedesignedbyastructuralengineertoassurethatthestructuralsystemoftheexistingbuildingwillnotbecom-promised.Otherproblemsresultfromconflictsbetweenthenewsystemsandex-istingpipesandducts.Thedesignforthenewsystemsshouldbedonecarefullywiththesepotentialobstructionsmeasuredandlaidouttoscaleondrawings,inordertomakesurethattheproperclearancesareavailable.Asineverythingelsedescribedinthischapter,thereisnosubstituteforcarefulinvestigation,planning,anddesign.CONCLUSIONSThedesignofthemechanicalandelectricalsystemsoftheadditioncannotbedoneinavacuum.Theyareprimarilydependentuponanunderstandingofthesystemsintheexistingbuilding.Acarefulanalysisbycompetentprofessionalsisessentialinthedecision-makingprocessconcerningthetypeofsystemstobeinstalled.Thesedecisionsshouldbebasednotonlyonthetechnicalfactorsinvolved,butalsooncost,efficiencyofoperation,mainte-nance,andappearance.Surveyingtheexistingbuildingtomakesurethattheactualexistingconditionshavebeentakenintoaccountisextremelyimportant.Inaddition,theprotectionandsafetyofthebuildingoccupantsduringtheconstructionperiodmustbeplannedcarefully.机械和电气系统——摘自《建筑物扩建设计》大多数情况下,为满足建筑扩建要求而作的机械、电气系统设计，和一座新建筑的设计是有相同的着眼点的。实际上，这两个方面的设计人员要对以下要求做出回应：为建筑的使用者提供舒适、方便的令人满意的环境条件，以及为使用建筑提供合适的设备。这篇文章的目的不是描述构成机械、电气系统设计的标准要素，而是介绍以下有别于新建结构的扩建设计所需考虑的因素。这些因素包括：对已建系统的新要求产生的影响；为支持扩建的结构而新引入的设备的适用性；各种将被扩展的部分的位置与分布形式；已建设施和附属部分的情况；已建建筑和各系统的供能特点；混合系统的维护和操作；在新的扩建部分施工的同时，原有建筑能正常使用的要求；历史古迹扩建的特殊挑战。因为这些因素通常作用于新扩建结构的机械、电气工程设计，所以我们将以综合的理念来回顾这些方面，并指出何处在特殊工程控制上可能出现特殊的影响地点和布置通常，当已有设备和系统具备充足甚至空余的供应能力时，一个关于扩建部分位置的问题就应运而生了。例如，一台拥有大量空余能力的供暖锅炉可能迄今仍无法经济而高效的运转。因此，最好的解决途径可能是将扩建建筑的机电房重新安装到各接近中心的位置。是否重新安装已有设备的决定应来自于特定项目的需要。不仅水平位置重要，垂直距离也应好好考虑。比如，一个空调系统在原有建筑中可能位置较好，但随着扩建更高的层数，当要求更强的运输能力和更巨大的导管尺寸时，这个空调系统可能就面临失去作用的命运。为了解原有系统对新扩建部分的影响，必须调查现有管道、导管、电力分配系统是如何安排的。这些是重要的因素，让我们细致检查这些因素吧。管道系统自然要依赖其尺寸、长度，如果是重力系统就需利用倾斜度，如果是压力系统则需利用尺寸和长度。为了分布到新区域而企图将管道延伸得很长，这会引起新问题的。例如给水管道这样的重力系统中问题出在不够充分的倾斜度上。而其他关于长度的情况则出在太多摩擦上。因此，确保新管道分布的铺设的尺寸、距离和倾斜度在可接受的标准内，这是很重要的。以上的规则也同样适用于供暖、通风、空调的管网，因为这些管网的尺寸和长度亦产生磨擦损耗。此外，无论管道还是导管，从供应源到目的地的过长距离皆可导致相当一部分能量的损失。在这种情况下，充足的绝缘隔离措施是必须的。管道和导管挡板的位置也同样重要，因为他们会影响有悠久历史的建筑的样式。尤其是在垂直方向的扩建部分，应仔细布置，以免灾难般影响已建建筑的使用。从这一节中了解到，在估计建筑的重要性时，不仅考虑已建系统的空余能力，也要考虑扩建部分的位置和新旧部分之间的距离。设备的适用性除了考虑现有系统满足扩建建筑需要的能力，新引入的设备也必须有足够尺寸来满足新要求。一些在特定工程领域有丰富知识的技术人员应对这些设备进行一次仔细评议。在尽可能早的时候，就必须对已在和即将承担为机械和电气系统提供支持的各种公共设施作出评估。这些评估对象必须包括对水（包括正常使用和用于救火的要求）、气、电、排水、以及净化管道。根据这些分析，任何对设备额外能力的必须要求肯定会影响新扩部分的设计。地方法规和设备供应商通常要求一座建筑只允许有一个服务关系。因此，当附加的公共设施的效能被确定后，旧的服务设施或者将不得不扩大，或者将被遗弃和取而代之。应该对任何可能影响扩建部分施工的已存在或未定的延缓或限制予以重视。在许多社区，因为缺乏处理废弃物的设施或充足的气供应和供水能力的不足，拖延了新建或将进一步影响整体系统的扩建建筑的建设。这也影响了新扩建部分的施工和使用。因此，在设计出最终成果并建造出附属部分之前，清楚这些限制是很重要的。原有设备被发现不能满足需要时，附加部分的服务将不得不求助于当地设备供应商。在编制项目主要经费前，收到设备供应商回应对附加部分服务的求助，并得到其关于在必要时后能向附加部分设施供货的保证是很重要的。当需要扩建给水、气或电管道时，注意保证这些管道的来源以及安装它们的费用是业主所能承受的。业主经常发现，虽然供应能力是有效的，但在经济上却不可能为成功安装长管道或电缆而偿付必需的费用。对已建系统的影响新扩部分的各系统的设计应基本明白设计人员有一个优势。已建建筑是可以被测量、分析和观察的。因此，设计者不应惊奇于已建系统的状况和他们在新系统中的影响。扩建结构对原有设施的主要影响之一，是一些当地法规规定：