(精校版)2021年北京卷英语高考试题文档版(含答案)

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）

英语（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）第一节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ABEarthDay,4 （mark）on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated5 1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions（地区）.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6 （activity）onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.CDoesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion7（suggest）that,formoststudents,itdoesn,t.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan8theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose9aretotallyengaged（参与）inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege,schancesandresources（资源）.Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand10 （meaning）collegeexperience.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。＂Grandpa＂Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganization,OnPointforCollege.Althoughthe22asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes23toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration.Wilsonisthereto24them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities.Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever25tobuythemameal.11.A.linkingB.sendingC.offeringD.distributing12.A.donatingB.lendingC.deliveringD.volunteering13.A.pavedB.coveredC.measuredD.wandered14.A.argumentsB.interviewsC.negotiationsD.wandered15.A.metB.drivenC.addressedD.conversations16.A.evenB.everC.onceD.already17.A.earnedB.receivedC.assessedD.demanded19.A.forcedB.awkwardC.ridiculousD.suspicious20.A.selectsB.recitesC.guessesD.remembers21.A.actonB.settleonC.checkonD.agreeon22.A.clubB.leagueC.collegeD.programme23.A.farB.aroundC.beyondD.forwards24.A.assistB.watchC.urgeD.warn25.A.expectsB.attemptsC.managesD.hesitates26.A.extraB.unusualC.necessaryD.adequate27.A.shareB.fuelC.repairD.exchange28.A.requiredB.allowedC.remindedD.convinced29.A.experienceB.arrangementC.appreciationD.employment

30.A.effortB.ambitionC.privilege30.A.effortB.ambitionC.privilegeD.convenience第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes：CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.11Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.-20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A.Toseeklocalpartners. B.Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C.Tocarryoutprogrammes. D.Tofosterculturalawareness.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein.A.Egypt B.Algeria C.Kenya D.SouthAfricaThesharedgoalofGDA,sprojectsisto.A.explorenewcultures B.protecttheenvironmentWithherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad’swarning?A.Shearguedwithhim.C.Shepaidnoattention.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A.Shearguedwithhim.C.Shepaidnoattention.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Shetriedtofindawayout.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.D.Itisproducedtoadentists’recipe.B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A.Panicked. B.Confused. C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammerscan .A.aimatvictimsprecisely B.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidly D.spreadinformationwidelyWhatdoesthepassageimply?Honestyisthebestpolicy.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedWhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsWhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousHowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnologyDBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean,swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,＂itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.＂Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂vulnerable＂inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。47Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate（协调）theiractions.48Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam’sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,"ThereisnoIinTEAM."49Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war（拔河比赛），wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.It’snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.SportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentThegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers’attention.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：交通出行；必备衣物。注意：词数不少于50；开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。DearJim，Yours,LiHua（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以"劳动最光荣"为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：西瓜watermelon（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）参考答案第一部分知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1.voiced2.facing3.myself4.marked5.in

9.who/that10.meaningful第二部分阅读理解11.C12.D13.B14.D15.B16.A17.B18.A19.B20.D21.C22.D23.C24.A25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.C第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共1