雌鼠孕育期HAART药物暴露对母子鼠心脏毒性及甘草甜素保护效应

雌鼠孕育期HAART药物暴露对母子鼠心脏毒性及甘草甜素保护效应摘要：背景：艾滋病母亲血液中的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）可通过胎盘传递给胎儿。高活性抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）药物可降低母婴传播率，但其对母体和胎儿的心脏毒性尚未明确。甘草甜素作为一种天然草药，具有保护心脏功能。

方法：使用30只雌鼠；实验组接受NAART治疗，对照组不接受治疗。随访孕育期心脏功能，评估NAART药物在孕育期的心脏毒性，研究甘草甜素在保护心脏功能上的作用。

结果：实验组鼠的血液动力学指标和心脏形态学指标较对照组低，胎儿生长发育较差，胚胎吸收率较高。甘草甜素能够减轻实验组鼠的心脏毒性，提高母鼠和胎鼠的心脏功能。

结论：NAART药物暴露在雌鼠孕育期中，会对母体和胎儿的心脏健康造成重大影响。甘草甜素可能具有保护心脏功能的作用。

关键词：NAART，母子鼠，孕育期，心脏毒性，甘草甜素

Abstract:

Background:Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)inthebloodofDSmotherscanbetransmittedtofetusesthroughtheplacenta.Highlyactiveantiretroviraltherapy(HAART)canreducethemother-to-childtransmissionrate,butitscardiactoxicitytomothersandfetusesisnotclear.Glycyrrhetinicacid,asanaturalherb,hascardioprotectiveeffects.

Method:Thirtyfemalemiceareused;theexperimentalgroupreceivesHAARTtreatment,andthecontrolgroupdoesnotreceivetreatment.ThecardiacfunctionduringpregnancyisfolloweduptoevaluatethecardiactoxicityofHAARTdrugsduringpregnancyandstudytheeffectofglycyrrhetinicacidinprotectingcardiacfunction.

Result:Thehemodynamicandcardiacmorphologicalindicatorsoftheexperimentalgrouparelowerthanthoseofthecontrolgroup,andthefetalgrowthanddevelopmentarepoor,andtheembryoabsorptionrateishigher.Glycyrrhetinicacidcanreducethecardiactoxicityoftheexperimentalgroupandimprovethecardiacfunctionofmotherandfetus.

Conclusion:ExposuretoHAARTdrugsinthefemalemouse'spregnancyperiodwillhaveasignificantimpactonthecardiachealthofthemotherandthefetus.Glycyrrhetinicacidmayhaveacardioprotectiveeffect.

Keywords:HAART,micemotherandfetus,pregnancyperiod,cardiactoxicity,glycyrrhetinicacidTheuseofhighlyactiveantiretroviraltherapy(HAART)drugsduringpregnancyisessentialinpreventingmother-to-childtransmissionofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV).However,thesedrugscanhaveadverseeffectsonboththemotherandthedevelopingfetus.ThisstudyaimedtoinvestigatethecardiactoxicityofHAARTdrugsonpregnantmiceandtodeterminethepotentialcardioprotectiveeffectsofglycyrrhetinicacid.

TheresultsofthisstudyshowedthatexposuretoHAARTdrugsduringpregnancyledtoasignificantincreaseincardiactoxicityinboththemotherandthefetus.Thiswasevidencedbyadecreaseincardiacfunctionandanincreaseinembryoabsorptionrateintheexperimentalgroupcomparedtothecontrolgroup.

However,treatmentwithglycyrrhetinicacidwasfoundtohaveacardioprotectiveeffect.ItreducedthecardiactoxicityoftheHAARTdrugsandimprovedthecardiacfunctionofboththemotherandfetus.ThissuggeststhatglycyrrhetinicacidmaybeapotentialtherapeuticagentinpreventingcardiactoxicityassociatedwiththeuseofHAARTdrugsduringpregnancy.

Inconclusion,thisstudyhighlightstheimportanceofmonitoringpregnantwomenonHAARTdrugsforpotentialcardiactoxicity.Italsoprovidesevidenceforthepotentialuseofglycyrrhetinicacidasacardioprotectiveagentinthispopulation.FurtherresearchisneededtoestablishthesafeandeffectiveuseofthiscompoundinpregnantwomenonHAARTdrugsWhileHIVinfectionitselfcancausedamagetotheheart,theuseofHAARTdrugscanalsoleadtocardiotoxicity.Thisisofparticularconcerninpregnantwomen,whorequiretreatmenttopreventmother-to-childtransmissionbutalsoneedtoprotectboththeirownhealthandthatofthedevelopingfetus.AstheuseofHAARTdrugsduringpregnancyisbecomingmorecommon,itisimportanttoidentifypotentialcardioprotectiveagentsthatcanbeusedalongsideexistingtherapies.

Glycyrrhetinicacidisonesuchagentthathasshownpromiseinpreclinicalstudies.Itworksbyinhibitingatypeofenzymecalled11β-HSD2,whichisresponsibleforinactivatingcortisolintheheart.Byblockingthisenzyme,glycyrrhetinicacidincreasestheavailabilityofcortisolintheheart,whichinturncanprotectagainstcardiotoxicity.

Whilethesepreclinicalfindingsarepromising,moreresearchisneededtoestablishthesafetyandefficacyofglycyrrhetinicacidinpregnantwomentakingHAARTdrugs.Thiswillrequirewell-designedclinicaltrialsthatassessbothmaternalandfetaloutcomes,includingpotentialadverseeffectsanddruginteractions.

Inthemeantime,pregnantwomenonHAARTdrugsshouldcontinuetobecloselymonitoredforsignsofcardiotoxicity.Thismayinvolveregularheartfunctiontesting,suchaselectrocardiogramsorechocardiograms,todetectanyabnormalitiesearlyon.Ifcardiotoxicityisdetected,treatmentoptionsmayincludeadjustingthedoseortypeofHAARTdrug,orswitchingtoadifferentantiretroviralregimenaltogether.

Overall,whiletheuseofHAARTdrugsduringpregnancyisessentialtopreventmother-to-childtransmissionofHIV,itisimportanttobeawareofthepotentialforcardiotoxicity.GlycyrrhetinicacidmayofferapromisingadjuncttherapyforpregnantwomenonHAARTdrugs,butfurtherresearchisneededtoestablishitssafetyandefficacyinthispopulationInadditiontothepotentialcardiotoxicityofHAARTdrugs,pregnantwomenwithHIVfaceotherchallengesinmanagingtheircondition.Forexample,theymaybeatincreasedriskforpretermlabor,lowbirthweightinfants,andobstetriccomplicationssuchaspreeclampsia.Additionally,womenwithHIVmaybemoresusceptibletoinfectionsduetotheircompromisedimmunesystems.

Toaddressthesechallenges,pregnantwomenwithHIVshouldreceivespecializedprenatalcarethatincludesregularmonitoringoftheirviralload,CD4count,andliverfunction.TheyshouldalsoreceivecounselingonhowtoreducetheirriskoftransmittingHIVtotheirbaby,includingadheringtotheirHAARTregimenandavoidingbreastfeeding.

Inaddition,pregnantwomenwithHIVmaybenefitfromadditionalinterventionstosupporttheiroverallhealthandwellbeing.Forexample,theymaybenefitfromnutritionalcounselingtosupporthealthyweightgainduringpregnancyandimprovetheirimmunefunction.TheymayalsobenefitfromcounselingandsupporttomanagetheemotionalandpsychologicalchallengesoflivingwithHIV.

Overall,whiletheuseofHAARTdrugsduringpregnancyisacriticalcomponentofpreventingmother-to-childtransmissionofHIV,itisimportantforhealthcareproviderstobeawareofthepotentialcardiovasculareffectsofthesedrugs.Newinterventions,suchasglycyrrhetinicacid,mayofferpromisingadjuncttherapiesformanagingtheseadverseeffects.However,moreresearchisneededtoestablishthesafetyandefficacyofthesetherapiesinpregnantwomen.Byprovidingspecializedprenatalcarethataddressestheuniquechall