高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解专题讲义

高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解专题记叙文记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。高考英语阅读理解中的记叙文类文章一般包括人物传记、哲理或故事等。人物传记类文章描述某个人的生平事迹、奋斗历程；故事类文章通过一个小故事，说明一个道理。一、考情分析通常一套卷有一篇记叙文，个别试卷选用两篇记叙文。所选的记叙文多以第一人称或第三人称为主，讲述一个短小精悍、有教育意义的故事，有时也会选用生活中的轶闻趣事。所讲述的故事题材丰富多样、富有生活气息，多按时间顺序叙述，偶尔也会有倒叙或插叙的情形。从命题上看，记叙文阅读理解以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，以观点态度题、写作意图题、词义猜测题和代词指代题为辅，难度总体上属于中等程度。记叙文阅读理解题要求考生能理清记叙的顺序与所讲故事的情节，能准确把握人物的情感态度和作者的写作目的。二、文体特点与阅读策略1.语言与结构特点英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程。其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过人物、事件来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线。2.答题误区记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。3.阅读策略在做阅读理解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中提到的多个时间、地点和人物，理清事件的起因、经过和结果；然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择。如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。三、实战演练【原创试题（一）】Ididn’tquiteknowwhatIwaslookingforwhenIflewtoMongoliaforasemesterabroad.Ijustneededsomethingdifferent,farfromthelate-nightlibrariesofmycollegetown.Mostdifferent,Ihoped,wouldbemyruralhomestay:twoweeksincentralMongoliawithafamilyofnomadic(游牧的)herders.IwasstudyingMongolianatthetime,butstill,therewassomuchIcouldn’tsayorunderstand.Aswewalkedinthesnowbehindthegoats,myhostmomwouldaskmeifIwascold,thengiggleandcopyabigshivertomakesureIunderstood.Intheevenings,sheshowedmehowtomakedumplingswithherfingers.Myhostsiblingswouldtalkwithme,speakingtoofastformetounderstand,asweexploredtherocksaroundourtent;I’dlistenandnod.Thisverbalobstaclewasstrangelyfreeing.Inthecrowdeddininghallathome,meetingnewpeoplemademeanxious.I’dstayquiet,measuringoutmywords,strugglingforsomethingtosaythatwouldn’texposemeasunfunnyorboring.InMongolia,Icouldn’tperfectmywords.Icouldonlysmile,andtryoutoneofthephrasesI’dmastered:“MayIhelp?”“Whereisthedog?”“Areyoutired?”Myhostfamilylaughedatmypronunciation,atthewayIthrewupmyhandsandeyebrowsinafrequentgestureofconfusion.Butintheirlaughter,Ifeltsafe,unembarrassed.WithmyMongolianfamilyonthegrassland,IfoundafeelingofeaseI’dneverfeltbefore.Weweresodifferent,theyandI,andnotjustinlanguage.Theirskinwashardenedanddarkenedbysun;I’dbeenhiddenunderhatsandsunscreensincebirth.Myhostsiblingsgrewupdrawingwaterfromfrozenstreamsandjoggingbehindherdsofsheep;Ispentsummersattenniscamp.Forme,thesegapsmadeallthedifference.Withoutsharedsocialmeasures,IwastednotimewonderinghowIwasmeasuringup.Onlyrealthings—kindness,helpfulness—mattered.1.WhydidtheauthorgotoMongoliaforatermabroad?A.Shedreamedoflivinganomadiclife.B.Shewastiredofstudyinglateatnight.C.ShehadtostudyMongolians’normallife.D.Shewascollectinginformationforlibraries.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shiver”inparagraph2mean?A.Hug. B.Smile. C.Attack. D.Tremble.3.Howdidtheauthorbehaveatthedininghallinherhomecountry?A.Shefeltateaseinthecrowd.B.Sheusuallyweighedherwords.C.Sheaskedalotoffunnyquestions.D.Sheoftenmadeotherslaughwithjokes.4.WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromherlifeinMongolia?A.Youarejudgedwhereveryougo.B.Naturemakeshumansfeelinsignificant.C.Appearancereflectsone’sstandardoflife.D.Beingkindisthecommonsocialstandard.【原创试题（二）】SarahParkhasknownabouttheimpactofmusiconthebrainsinceayoungage.The13-year-old,whohasbeenplayingtheviolinsinceshewas4,saysshenoticeditspositiveeffectonthosearoundher,especiallyhergrandmother,whosufferedfromamentalhealthillness.Now,themiddleschoolstudentfromJacksonville,Florida,hopestousemusictreatmenttohelpothersstrugglingwithmentalhealth.OnOctober19,2021,herinvention,SparkCare+,earnedherthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”atthe3MYoungScientistChallenge,whichisanannualnationalcompetitionthatinvitesstudentsingrades5-8tofindauniquesolutiontoaneverydayproblem.“Iwasprettyshockedwhentheyannouncedmynameasthegrandprizewinner,”Parksaid.“Iwasexcitedandthrilledwithwhat’stocomenextwithSparkCare+.”SparkCare+requiresparticipantstorespondtoaseriesofquestionsbasedontheHamiltonAnxietyandDepressionScale,designedtoassesstheperson’smentalstate.Thedevice’sinbuiltsensorsrecordvitalmentalhealthindicators,suchastheheartrateandbloodpressure.SparkCare+’sAI(ArtificialIntelligence)componentanalyzestheinformationandrecommendstheappropriatemusictohelplifttheparticipant’sspirits.Italsomonitorsitsimpactonthelistener.Theninth-graderhopestoturnhermodelintoawristbandwithinbuiltsensors,aheart-ratemonitor,andBluetooth.ShealsowantstobuildanapptomakeSparkCare+accessibletoeveryone.“Ihopetobeabletodistributeitaroundtheworldtopeopleofallages,”Parksays.Inadditiontobeinganinventor,Parkisalsoamusicalprodigy(天才)whohaswonseveralviolincompetitions,includingtheFloridastatechampionship.Shealsoplaysthepianoandisamathchampion.Theteendesirestobeaninnovator(创新者)andresearcherinthemedicalfieldusingtechnologyandrobotics.Heradvicetootheryoungscientists?“Dreambig,askquestions,andanythingispossible.”1.Whatdoesthe3MYoungScientistChallengeaimtodo?A.Turnordinarystudentsintoscientists. B.Meetthechallengeofsciencebravely.C.Solvethespecificproblemsinlife. D.Findacureforamentalhealthillness.2.Whatdoestheauthortrytoexplaininparagraph4?A.WhymusicisusedinSparkCare+. B.Whosuffersfrommentalillness.C.WhatanimportantroleAIplays. D.HowSparkCare+works.3.WhatwillmakeeveryonehaveaccesstoSparkCare+?A.Anapp. B.Bluetooth.C.Awristband. D.Aheart-ratemonitor.4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.SarahParklikestoaskmathquestions.B.SarahParkisagirlofdiversegifts.C.SarahParkdreamstobeafamousviolinist.D.SarahParkexpectstouseroboticsinmusic.【真题链接：2022新高考I卷】Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【真题链接：2022新高考II卷】Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes(戳)thepagewithhisfinger.What’supwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageandcontinued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Istheresomethingwrongwiththiskid?ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.It’sanoutdated,lifelessthing.Anantique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI’mnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.I’veevenbuiltwebsites.There’sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:I’vespentlittletimeinfrontofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn’tstopChinaDailyfromaskingmelastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,TianjinandHebeiprovince.Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar—twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgotomyhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.25.Whydidthekidpokethestorybook?A.Hetookitforatabletcomputer.B.Hedislikedthecolorfulpictures.C.Hewasangrywithhisgrandpa.D.Hewantedtoreaditbyhimself.26.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?A.Sociallyambitious. B.Physicallyattractive.C.Financiallyindependent. D.Digitallycompetent.27.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorasajournalist?A.Helacksexperienceinhisjob. B.Heseldomappearsontelevision.C.Hemanagesavideodepartment. D.Heofteninterviewsinternetstars.【真题链接：2022全国甲卷】AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins. B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare. D.Afriend’sinvitation.30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher. B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved. D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream. B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld. D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.

参考答案：【原创试题（一）】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者来到蒙古生活了一个学期，在这里她了解游牧民族的日常生活，感受到了牧民们的善良与热情。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段的“Ijustneededsomethingdifferent,farfromthelate-nightlibrariesofmycollegetown.”可知，作者去蒙古生活了一个学期，是因为作者想远离大学城的深夜图书馆，说明作者已经厌倦了天天在图书馆熬到深夜的生活。故选B。2.D词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“myhostmomwouldaskmeifIwascold”可知，女主人问作者冷不冷。再根据后面的“tomakesureIunderstood”可知，女主人这么做是想确保作者明白她的意思，说明女主人在问的同时，模仿了冻得发抖的样子。故选D。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段的“I’dstayquiet,measuringoutmywords,strugglingforsomethingtosaythatwouldn’texposemeasunfunnyorboring.”可知，作者在家乡拥挤的餐厅里，总是会斟酌自己的言辞。故选B。4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Onlyrealthings—kindness,helpfulness—mattered.”可知，作者明白了只有善良、乐于助人才重要。故选D。【原创试题（二）】本文是一篇记叙文。13岁的女孩SarahPark发明了名为SparkCare+的设备，该设备使用音乐疗法来改善用户的精神健康状况，SarahPark也因此赢得了“美国顶尖青年科学家”的称号。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段的“the3MYoungScientistChallenge...tofindauniquesolutiontoaneverydayproblem.”可知，3M国际青年科学家挑战赛是一项邀请5至8年级学生解决现实问题的比赛。故选C。2.D段落大意题。本段主要介绍了SarahPark的这项发明的具体工作过程。故选D。3.A细节理解题。根据第五段的“ShealsowantstobuildanapptomakeSparkCare+accessibletoeveryone.”可知，SarahPark想开发一个应用程序，让每个人都能使用。故选A。4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Inadditiontobeinganinventor”“amusicalprodigy”“playsthepiano”和“amathchampion”可知，SarahPark是一个多才多艺的女孩。故选B。【真题链接：2022新高考I卷】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一家慈善机构发起了一个让养老院老人养鸡的项目，以缓解老年人的孤独感，这个项目受到老年人的欢迎。28.D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Theprojectwasdreamedup...toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing.”可知，这个项目的目的是缓解老年人的孤独感和提升他们的幸福感。D项中的promote和welfare分别对应文中的improve和wellbeing。故选D。29.B推