雅思小作文写作教学提纲

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！雅思小作文写作精品文档WritingNotesDate:July,9,2017thTaskI1.ThreeTypesi.Data:BarChart,LineGraph,Table,PieChart图表类型：动态图、静态图动态图：有两个或以上时间重点趋势特殊值：起点、重点、最高点、最低点、交叉点静态图：只有一个或者没有时间比较描述对象：使用倍数、比较级ii.Process:FlowChartiii.MapDescribethechangeEg:Hospitalislocatedtothewestofcarpark2.评分标准i.TaskAchievement/TaskResponseCovertheRequirementsofthetaskNoofftopics不能添加主观想法，只能描述ii.CoherenceandCohesive使用路标性词汇：顺承和转折iii.LexicalResource使用非高频词汇UsewordsandphrasesnaturallyandappropriatelyVocabularydiversityAccuratespellingwordsiv.GrammaticalRangeandAccuracyAccurategrammarofsentencesUsedifferentrangesofsentences,structurestoachievergrammatical3.写作方法i.开头段图表词改写Thechart:barchart,linechart,piechart,table,diagram动词shows改写注意时态Shows:illustrates,givesinformationabout,compares,indicates,demonstrates关键词（一定要改写）数量改写Thenumberof+可数Theamountof+不可数Thequantityof+可不可数Thefigurefor+可不可数百分比改写收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档Thepercentageof:theproportionof句式变化Compares+不同事物+intermsof+相同事物名词变化Expending:expenditure地点（可以不改写）时间可以改写From1980to2000:between1980and2000,duringtheperiodfrom1980to2000,overtheperiodof20years,overa20-yearperiodEG:ThebarchartscomparesthreetypesoftelephonecallsintermsoftheamountoftimespentintheUKbetween1995and2002.ii.主段写法第一段:起点数值对比+部分趋势第二段：剩下趋势+终点值对比数字三种表述方法数值放在句首EG:60milliontonnesofgoodsweretransportedbyroadintheUK.数值放在句末Standat=be;stoodat=was=totalledEG:TheamountofgoodstransportedbyroadintheUKwas60milliontonnes.ThereBe句型EG:Therewere60billiontonnesofgoodstransportedbyroadintheUK.比较句的写法Comparisons“comparedto”,“comparedwith”,“incomparisonwith”+短语EG:6%ofsingleagedpersonlivedinpoverty,comparedtoonly4%ofagedcouple“while”,“whereas”+句子：6%ofsingleagedpersonlivedinpoverty,whiletheproportionofagedcouplelivinginpovertywas4%.3个数值的对比写法第一个数值thepercentageatthestart第二个数值addacomparison第三个数值thefigureforEG:1999,35%ofBritishpeoplewentabroadfortheirholidays,comparedto28%ofAustraliansspenttheirholidaysinadifferentcountry.ThefigurefortheUSAstoodat31%.若有3个以上的数值，可以用thefigurefor数值Cand数值DwereXandXrespectively.趋势的写法时间过渡短语Overthefollowing____years动态图词汇收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档缓慢上升：increase/rise(rose)/grow(grew)/goup(wentup)/anupwardtrend+gradually/gently/slightly/moderately/steadily急速上升：+sharply/dramatically/rapidly/substantially/significantly慎用：soar/surge/leap/stoodup缓慢下降：decrease/drop/fall/decline/godown/adownwardtrend+gradually/gently/slighted/moderately/steadily急速下降：+sharply/dramatically/rapidly/substantially/significantly慎用：plunge/slump/plummet达到顶峰：reachapeak/peakat持平：remainconstant(unchanged)/leveloff/stabilize达到最低点：reachabottomat/bottomout(at)波动上升或下降：fluctuatewithanoverallupwardtrend(downwardtrend)/increase(decrease)withafewfluctuations顺承：similarly/and/likewise/also/besides(均为副词，前面加句号)转折：ontheotherhand/however/bycontrast/incontrast(副词，前面加句号)；but(conj.)接下来：then/afterwards(adv.)尽管：although/despite约数以上：justabove/over/morethan以下：justbelow/almost/nearly左右：about/around/approximately超过：outnumber/overtakeEG:Theconsumptionofchickenovertook/outnumberedthatof(thefigurefor)beefin2000.介词：with,of,to,by,atWith:有的含义，后面加短语EG：Obamawontheelectionwith52%ofthevoteAT:用在加在句尾的数字，at接数字EG：ThepercentageofvotesforObamawashighest,at52%.In:ariseIN动态图句式基本句型（主句+动词+副词）EG:Thenumberofdivorcesrosegentlyfrom20millionto35millionfrom2000to2010.Therebe句型：Therewasagentlerisefrom20millionto35millioninthenumberofdivorcesbetween2000and2010.被动态：Agentlerisefrom20millionto35millioncanbenoticed/seeninthenumberofdivorcesduringtheperiodfrom2000to2010.Witness:主语为时间Theperiodfrom2000to2010witness/sawagentlerisefrom20millionto25millioninthenumberofdivorces.Underwent/Experienced句式收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档Thenumberofdivorcesunderwent/experiencedagentlerisefrom20millionto35millionfrom2000to2010.分词结构Thenumberofdivorceswas20million,risingto35million.时间的表达From时间onwards从...时间以后Lookingintothefuture将来的表达BeexpectedtoPredictedProjectedAnticipated当线超过4根及以上时第一段：起点数值对比第二段：整个趋势+终点描述先写不变的先，再写变化最大的线，最后写剩余的线EG:Overthefollowing4years,therewasrelativelylittlechangeinthefiguresforthetopthreemobilephonefeatures.However,thepercentageofpeopleusingtheirphonestoaccesstheinternetjumpedto41%in2008andthento73%in2010.Therewasalsoasignificantriseintheuseofmobilestoplaygamesandrecordvideo,withfiguresreaching41%and35%respectively.+剩余终点值对比iii.结尾写法1-2句，不需要提及数字最高线、最低线趋势对比变化率对比段首连接词：thesummarize/itisnoticeablethat/itisclearthatDate:July,23,2017rdTaskI1.静态图1.开头段与动态图类似，注意改写两个数值的对比：倍数、比较级、compare,whileEG:domesticwateruse=consumptionofresidentialwaterEG:accountforthemajority/minority=thelargestproportioninEG:expenditure=spendingonEG:tobemorespecific,accordingtothechart/graphEG:peopleagedfrom26to29=26-29yearolds2.主段原则不要以国家或地区作为分类描述对象维度相同时，描述对象可以选择，先做概括，在看数值没有国家或地区，按照维度小的作为描述对象多余12个数值需要筛选来描述最高值收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档第二高值最低值类比差异（比例）最大的值句式最高级、最低级Thenumber(数量)/percentageofAislargest/highest/maximal/Lowest/smallestEG:Theproportionofsoleparentslivinginpovertywashighest,21%.比较级Behigher/largerthanthatAisconsiderablyhigherthanB.超过很多AismarginallyhigherthanB.超过一点点EG:Theproportionofsingleagedpersonlivinginpoverty(6%)washigherthanthatofagedcouple(4%)EG:Theconsumptionofchickenwashigherthanthatofbeef/thefigureforbeef.倍数Aislessthan/morethantwice/threetimesB.(A=B*2)a)EG:Theconsumptionofchickenwastwicethatofbeef.b)EG:Theproportionoftheelderlyin2005wasthreetimesthefigurein1995.(15%versus5%)Double/triple/quadruplea)EG:Rentasapercentageofthehouseholdexpendituremorethandoubledbetween1975and1985.Twofold/threefold用于动态图adj&adva)EG:Theconsumptionofchickenincreasedtwofoldfrom1990to1995(adv)b)EG:Therewasatwofoldincreaseinretailsales.(adj)c)EG:Therentonaverageincreasedthreefoldinthepastfiveyears.Twice/threetimesas...as/comparedtoa)EG:Televisionwastwiceaspopularaswashingmachinein1999.b)：Theconsumptionofchickenwastwiceasmuch(可数用many)asthatofbeef.占据Accountfor=constitute=takeup=occupy多重数值比较最高值（最高级）-次高值（比较级）-最低值（倍数）-同级比较剩余数值：ThepercentageofspendingonfoodwashighestinTurkey(32.14%)around3%higherthanthat（后面是地名可以省略）inIreland（28.91%）andmorethantwicethefigureforSweden(15.77%).Thefiguresforanothertwocountriesweresimilar,16.36%inItalyand18.80%inSpain.Rank排名收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档Arankedfirst(%)followedbyBin类别,whilethefiguresforCandDwereremarkablylowerat(%)and(%)respectively.a)EG:Italyrankedfirstat9%followedbySpaininclothing/footwear.Arankedsecond,aheadof/behind对象in类别a)：In1999,AustraliarankedsecondbehindtheUSAindomesticwastegeneration.对比while/comparedto/incontrast最高值（最高级）-中间数值（对比写法+原级）-剩余数值较低值最低数值（对比+比较级）a)EG:Italyhasthehighestproportionofexpenditureonclothingandfootwear(9%).Incontrast,theseitemsconstituted/occupied/accountedforaround6%ofexpenditureinIreland,SpainandTurkey,whilethefigurewasevensmallerinSweden(5.4%).最高值(比较级)-+比较级）-剩余数值较低值最低数值(对比+比较级)a)EG:Turkeyhadhigherproportionofexpenditurethanothercountriesonleisureandeducation.ThepercentageofspendingwaslowerinItalyandSweden(roughly3.2%),comparedtothelowestfigureinSpain(1.98%).动态点起点数值比较（与动态图一致）不同对象描述之间的过渡趋势不同Theoppositetrendcanbenoticed/seen,whenlookingatthefigurefor趋势相同Thesimilartrendcanbenoticed/seen,whenlookingatthefigurefor3.总结最值：Overall,wecanseethatplayingcomputergamesismarginallymorepopularthanchatting.However,completelydifferenttrendscanbeseenifwelookatthespecificfiguresforboysandgirls.万能句型）归纳对象的共同点和其他对象的不同点：Itisnoticeablethatthelargestproportionofconsumerspendingineachcountrywentonfood,drinksandtobacco.Ontheotherhand,theleisure/educationcategoryhasthelowestpercentageinthetableshown.2.地图题i.原则方位描述（第一张图）变化描述（第二张图）ii.句式三种方位Ais/lies/stands/islocated/issituatedin(包含)/on(内部相邻)/to(分开)thewestofB：Thehospitalislocatedinthesouthoftheschool.Therebe+定语从句收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档EG:Thereisahospitalwhichliesinthesouthoftheschool.倒装EG:Inthesouthoftheschoolliesanewhospital.表达距离:Alies100kmtothenorthofB邻近:Aisadjacentto/isjustoff/isnextto/iscloseto/inthevicinityofB.对面:AisontheoppositesideofB=AisoppositetoB包围:AissurroundedbyB.代替:theoriginal/previous/former(路)连接:leadto/connectto尺寸:enlarge/extend/doubled/tripled/increasedfour-fold/halved/reducedEG:Thesizeofthelibraryisplannedtobeenlargedtwo-fold.消失:remove/nolongerexist/bedemolished（不用disappear）新添Awillbeestablished/built/constructedinAnewly-built/anewly-established/anewly-constructedwillbeseen原有事务改为Betransformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/convertedtoBAbereplaced/substitutedbyBAgiveswaystomakeroomforBiii.主段Turningtothenextmap,theeastpartoftheislandnearlyremainsconstant,buttherearesignificantchangesafterdevelopingtourism.First,twoaccommodationareasareestablishedinthewestaswellasinthemiddleoftheislandwithfootpathslinkingeachhouse.Betweenthem,thereisarestaurantinthenorthandareceptioninthesouth,bothofwhichareconnectedbyvehicletracksdirectlytothepierwheresailingboatsareparked.Additionally,swimmingisavailablefortouristsnowprobablyduetothenewly-builtfootpathswhichlinkthewestaccommodationareawiththebeach.iv.总结Tosummarize,considerablechangestakeplaceontheislandafterthedevelopmentofvarioustouristfacilities.3.大作文TaskIIi.要求时间：40min字数：280words(>250words)题型：议论类、报告类、混合类占分比例：2/3ii.评分标准（与小作文的区别）不偏题观点清楚每个问题都要回答收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档细节（不能想当然），解释清楚、充分展开论证逻辑EG:Smokingputshealthatgreatrisk.Ithasassociatedwithmanyseriousdiseases.Accordingtoresearch,thelikelihoodfortobaccouserstohaveheartproblemsisfargreaterthatthosewhostayawayfromthishabit.Indeed,thepercentageofsmokers’gettingheartattackandlungcanceris10timeshigherthanthatofnonsmokers’.EG:Criminals-offenders-prisons-lawbreakers-peoplewhobrokelaws-peoplecommittingcrimesEG:Overworking,coupledwithpoordiet,leadstophysicaldegenerationiii.原则OntopicDetailssupportingyouropinion四段式或五段式简单句和复杂句交错使用词汇词汇范围，使用lesscommon词汇，注意用词替换反向词汇a)increase-alienationb)demotivate-motivate同向词汇a)Toxicgas=exhaustfumesb)Alleviate=relieve=mitigatestressEG:AlleviatefinancialburdenEG:SoilerosionwasmitigatedbyplantingtressEG:thesemeasuresaredesignedtoalleviatethesituationc)Clearfuels=non-fossilfuels=renewablefuelsd)Support=advocatee)Opponents=sceptics语法没有错误常犯错误：一个句子出现多个谓语动词句子成分残缺词性错误主谓不一致可数：pl.或a/the+n不可数:the+n(特指什么都不加Linking明暗交错使用明连接：firstly,secondly,thirdlyEG:Thereareseveralreasonswhypeoplebelievethatmoremoneyshouldbeallocatedtoencouragetheuseofbicyclesincities.Firstly,theyarguethatbicyclesareanenvironmentallyfriendlyformoftransport.Whereasmotorizedvehiclespollutetheatmospherewithawholehostoftoxicgases,bicyclesproducenoemissionswhatsoever.Secondly,bicyclestakeupfarlessspaceonpublicroads,andtrafficcongestionwouldthereforebesignificantlyreducedifmorepeopleusethem.Finally,fromahealthperspective,itcanbearguedthatridingabicycleregularlyisnotonlygoodcardiovascularexercisefor收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档cyclist,butalsoaformofleisurethatalleviatesstressandhelpspeopletorelax.暗连接关键词重复：artproject/workofart/artworks/statusandsculpture代词语义EG:Someareprojectsdefinitelyrequirehelpfromthestate.IntheUK,therearemanyworksofartinpublicspaces,suchstreetsorsquaresincitycenters.InLiverpool,forexample,thereareseveralnewstatuesandsculpturesinthedockareaofthecity,whichhasbeenredevelopedrecently.Theseartworksrepresentculture,heritageandhistory.Theyservetoeducatepeopleaboutthecity,andactaslandmarksortalkingpointsforvisitorsandtourists.Governmentsandlocalcouncilsshouldpaycreativeartiststoproducethiskindofwork,becausewithouttheirfundingourcitieswouldbemuchlessinterestingandattractive.iv.题型：辩论报告混合（2014）辩论：discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinions报告:giveyourreasonsandsuggestions/effects混合:reasonsandopinions&opinions&measures4.辩论类大作为i.结构五段式（拓展多）（一边倒）：介绍背景给出观点-正方论据1-（扩展）正方论据2-反方论据（给出一个并简单说明）总结同意的那方的论据或提出建议四段式（论居多）：开头-正方原因（2-3个）-反方原因（1-2个）-观点+总结同意的那方的论据或提出建议ii.开头段40-50words背景引入（话题有关）...hasbeencommonplace/prevalentNodoubtwearelivinginanerawhen...changeseveryaspectofourlives背景句的写法Thepastcenturywitnessedtheincreasinglyimportantroleof__playedinpeople’sdailylives.Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofpeopleareconcernedabout...(Doing)sthhasbecomecommonplace/prevalentThepastcenturywitnessedtheincreasing/decreasingnumberof_收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档Despitethefactthattheworldisundergoingvariouschanges,___remainsoneofthemostheatedlydiscussedissues,especiallywithadventof___Therehaslongbeencontroversyaboutnegativeaffectof___题目改写（引入争论点）我的观点Personally,Ibelievethattherearemorebenefitsanddrawbacks.IsupportthelattermorethantheformerFrommyperspective,___isbeneficial(harmful)tous,despiteitsdrawbacks(benefits)IcompletelyagreewiththeideaItcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeconsequencesinequalmeasure.Date:Aug,06,2017th也可以背景和题目改写放在一起板式：PeoplehavedifferentviewswithregardtothequestionofwhetherAorB.也可以改写和观点结合在一起板式：While...(A)......,IbelieveB开头段案例题目：Nowadays,peoplecanusecomputerstotalk,learnandcommunicatewithoutleavinghome.Thereisadangerthatitwillcausemorealienationandalackofcommunicationamongpeople.Doyouagreeordisagree?开头段：Agrowingnumberofpeoplearebecomingawareoftheconveniencebroughtaboutbytechnologicaladvancesespeciallythebirthofcomputers.However,despiteallthebenefitsthatcomputershavebrought,manypeoplecontendthatcomputersadverselyaffectthecommunicationamongpeople.Personally,Ibelievethatcomputershavemadecommunicationmucheasierthaneverbefore.iii.结尾段的写法套用板式：Inconclusion,although反方论据（句子），Iamstillfirmlyconvincedofthebenefitsbroughtby关键词mainlybecause正方论据1（短语）aswellas正方论据2（短语）.表示结果的词Leadto,contributeto,giveriseto,resultinEG:Tosummarize,althoughaddictiontocomputersmayleadtodisorder,I’mfirmlyconvincedofthebenefitsbroughtbycomputersmainlybecauseoftheenormousamountofinformationaswellasthediversifiedofcommunicationtoolsthatareavailableonline.iv.论据扩展的方法推导后果论据1:A推导BC推导D论据2：A推导C；扩展：原因B,结果D原因Because...../Itisbecausethat.../bywhichImean.....题目：看电视好还是坏收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档论据：看电视的坏处一是影响家庭关系Firstofall,watchingtoomuchTVtendstoexertanunfavorableinfluenceonthefamilyrelationship.Itisbecausethatiftheyindulgethemselvesinwatchingtelevision,theywillnothavesufficienttimetocommunicatewiththeirfamilymembers,whichobviouslymaygiverisetothealienationamongfamilymembers.论据：经济的增长是国家最基本的一个目标（Economicgrowthifseenasafundamentalgoalforcountries）拓展:becauseahealthyeconomyresultsinjobcreation,ahighlevelofemploymentandbettersalariesforallcitizens,whichhelpsacountry’sstandingontheglobalstage,intermsofitspoliticalinfluenceandtradingpower.结果Asaresult,therefore,asaconsequence,inotherwords,toputitinanotherway具体化题目：犯过罪的人是否是最佳人选与年轻人讨论犯罪的危险论据：年轻人更容易接受有亲身经历的人的意见Teenagersaremorelikelytoacceptadvicefromsomeonewhocanspeakfromexperience.扩展：Itisbecausethatreformedoffenderscantellyoungpeopleabouthowtheybecameinvolvedincrime,thedangerofacriminallifestyle,andwhatlifeinprisonisreallylike,therebydispellinganyideasthatteenagersmayhiveaboutcriminalsleadingglamorouslives.举例子Forexample.../Forinstance.../Acaseinpointisthat...../,whichcanbeillustratedbytheexamplethat...题目：广告的好处多还是坏处多论据：广告容易导致盲目消费Thefirstdrawbackofadvertisingisthatthevariouskindsofeye-catchingcommercialsmayleadpeopletomakepurchasesirrationally.扩展：Currently,thereexistsomepeoplewhoarewillingtoselltheirownbodyorgansoreventheirvirginityinordertopursueanextravagantwayoflifewhichtheycouldnotaffordatthemoment,whichcanbeseenasanexampleofirrationalconsumption.题目：自己住的好处多还是坏处多？论据：自己住可以变得更加独立Onanindividuallevel,peoplewhochoosetolivealonemaybecomemoreindependentantself-reliantthanthosewholivewithfamilymembers.拓展：Ayoungadultwholivesalone,forexample,willneedtolearntocook,clean,paybillsandmanagehisorherbudget,allofwhicharevaluablelifeskills;anincreaseinnumberofsuchindividualscancertainlybeseenasapositivedevelopment.题目：大城市生活越来越糟糕论据：政府应该鼓励公共交通以建设污染和交通拥堵收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档Politicianshavethepowertobanvehiclesfromcitycentersandpromotetheuseofcleanerpublictransport,whichwouldhelptoreducebothairpollutionandtrafficcongestion.扩展：InLondon,forexample,theintroductionofcongestionchargefordrivershashelpedtocurbthetrafficproblem.列数据Accordingtothestatisticsprovidedbyaresearchgroup../Aswasrevealedfromarecentreport...题目：环境污染的原因和解决办法论据：原因之一是汽车尾气Thefirstculpritofdegradingenvironmentmightbetheincreasingamountofcarexhaustproducedbyvehicles.扩展：Aswasrevealedfromarecentreport,approximately50,000familiesinBeijingownmorethantwoprivatecars,whichinevitablygivesrisetoaconsiderableamountofcarexhaust.过去与现在对比Inthepast,peopleusedto.....，butnowwe...题目：高科技带来的好处多还是坏处多论据：科技极大便利了人与人之间的交流Firstofall,technologicaladvanceshaveconsiderablycontributedtotheexchangeofideasandinformationamongpeople.扩展：Inthepast,peopleusedtowriteletterswhichusuallytookseveralmonthstoarriveatsomedistantdestinations,butnowinstantcommunicationhasbeenrealizedthroughvariouskindsofcommunicationtools,suchasphones,video-chattingandsocialnetworkingwebsites,whichhassubstantiallyfacilitatedoutdailylives.对比Comparedwith/incomparisonwith/bycontrast题目：gapyear好与不好论据：garyear的优点Thereasonforthistrendmayinvolvetherecognitionthatayoungadultwhopassesdirectlyfromschooltouniversityisratherrestrictedintermsofgeneralknowledgeandexperienceoftheworld.Bycontrast,thosewhohavespentsometimeearningalivingortravellingtootherplaces,haveabroaderviewoflifeandbetterpersonalresourcestodrawon.反面假设采用虚拟语气：if+主语+动词过去式，主句+would/wouldnot题目：大学生应不应该学电脑论据：应该，因为电脑提供很多信息ThefirstreasonwhystudyingcomputerskillsisamustforcollegestudentsisthattheInternetprovidesstudentswithdiversifiedtypesofinformationwhichiscrucialtosurvivalinthisworld.Conversely,ifcollegestudentsdidn’tacquaintthemselveswithcomputerskills,theywouldprobablylagbehindthetimesorevenbeinthedanger收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档ofbeingacompleteoutsidersincewehaveaccesstomostofthecurrentinformationthroughtheInternet.题目:年轻人离开父母越早越好嘛？论据：不是，父母可以为年轻的孩子提供及时的引导Initially,moralguidancecouldbeofferedbyparentstoensurethoseyoungsterstorefrainfrommisleadingbyinappropriatebehaviorsaroundthem.Afterall,thosewhostillstaywiththeirparentsmightbeinformedofrightwaysofdealingwithpossibletroubles.扩展：Conversely,ifyoungadolescentswereexposedtotemptationsandevilsofsocietywithouttheirparents’protection,theywouldmoreliketoembarkoncriminalroadthatothercohorts.5.报告型(Report)i.题目Pleasegivereasonsandyoursuggestions.Pleasediscussthecausesandpossiblesolutions.Pleasediscussthecausesandthepossibleeffectsonthesociety.ii.结构开头介绍背景（如可能，提前概括原因；如不可能，则给出文章框架）原因段（主题句+2-3个原因）措施段影响段（主题句+2-3个措施/影响）概括措施影响iii.开头段二要素介绍背景（1-2句）提前概括原因，如(Itseemstomethat,....,....and....arethetreemaincausesthatmaycontributetotheproblem)或者给出文章框架(在大陆考试慎用)板式：Thisessaywillfirstanalyzeallthepossiblecausesoftheproblemandthencomeupwithseveralfeasiblesolutionsthatcouldbeadoptedinordertoavoidthedeteriorationofthesituation.举例题目：Thequalityoflifeinbigcitiesbecomesworse.Talkaboutcausesofthisproblemsandhowtosolvethisproblem.开头段：Despitethefactthattechnologicaladvanceshavebroughtaboutmayconveniencestopeople’sdailylives,thequalityoflifehasnotnecessarilybeenenhanced,butratherbeenaggravated.Itseemstomethatenvironmentalpollutionandpopulationexplosionarethetwomainculprits.Culprit罪魁祸首iv.主段写法段落1二或三要素主题句，如（Themaincausesthatmyleadtothisproblemcanbelistedasfollows）注意：如开头段第二句已经概括原因，这里可以没有主题句。原因1+扩展收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档原因2+扩展环境类词汇污染物：pollutant=contaminant=toxicwaste恶化：degrade=deteriorate=exacerbate=aggravate=worsen居民：inhabitant=resident寿命：lifespan=lifeexpectancy标准：criterion,standard新能源:renewablefuels,non-fossilfuels,promotetheuseofrenewablefuels摆脱：breakingawayfrom提升意识：raisetheawarenessof制定措施：enactrigid(strict)lawsandregulations不可或缺、取代：indispensable,irreplaceable保障性住房：socialhousing：Thefirstcauseofdegradinglifequalitymightbethedeterioratingenvironment.Infact,astheeconomyisdevelopingatanamazingspeed,demandsforelectronicdevicesandvariousotherkindsofconsumergoodsaresoaring.Accordingly,factorieshavetobeinfulloperationinordertosatisfythegrowingneeds,whichinevitablyproducesenormousindustrialcontaminants.Besides,theexplodingpopulationmightbeasecondculpritforthelowerlifequality.Thepastdecadeshavewitnessedconsiderableadvancesinmedicalscienceandmedicalinstrumentswhichhavesubstantiallyincreasedpeople’saveragelifespan.However,theincreasingnumberofresidentsontheplanetmakesthelimitedlivingspaceevenmorelimited,whichmayadverselyaffectpeople’swell-being.段落2三要素主题句，如(Severalactionsmustbetakeninordertopreventthedeterior