托福听力巩固题

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！托福听力巩固题托福听力提分关键就是要多模仿正确的录音发音，今天提供了一篇托福听力巩固题给考生备考，祝大家顺利通过托福考试。uestion1-10Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering.andthetakingofcensuses——allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel-variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum-orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassordata.Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewasl00children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?(A)Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics(B)Applicationsofinferentialstatistics(C)Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics(D)Howtousedescriptivestatistics2.Theword"divergent"inline1isclosestinmeaningto(A)different(B)distributed(C)recorded(D)prominent3.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,countingandcensus-takingarcassociatedwith(A)inferentialstatistics(B)descriptivestatistics(C)unknownvariables(D)qualitativechanges4.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"mother"and"father"inthefirstparagraph?(A)Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics(B)Tointroduceinferentialstatistic(C)Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables(D)Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway5.Theword"squarely"inline8couldbestbereplacedby(A)solidly(B)geometrically(C)rectangularly(D)haphazrardly6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofaqualitativevariable?(A)Gender(B)Height(C)Collegemajor(D)Typeofpersonality7.Theword"they"inline13refersto(A)variables(B)masses(C)descriptivestatistics(D)properties8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdescriptivestatisticsisbestsupportedbythepassage?(A)Itreduceslargeamountsofdatatoamorecomprehensibleform.(B)Itisbasedonprobability.(C)Itcanbeusedbypeoplewithlittleknowledgeofmathematics.(D)Itmeasuresonlyqualitativedifferences.9.Theword"unwieldy"inline15isclosestinmeaningto(A)unmanageable(B)unpredictable(C)understandable(D)unreliable10.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexamining