2023届高三高考适应性测试4月英语试卷

2023届高三高考适应性测试4月英语试卷Thepopularimageofthemountainclimberisofapersoncarefullyclimbingasteepcliffwithanetworkofsafetyropes,butitisnottheonlykind.Manyclimbersnowenjoybouldering.It’smoreaccessibleandbetterfortheenvironment.

Whatisbouldering

Boulderingisasportthatinvolvesclimbingon,over,andaroundbouldersuptoapproximatelytwentyfeetabovetheground.Participantsemploynosafetyropes.

Whyboulder

improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbasics

placestoclimb,suchasclimbingwallsatgymsandparks,easytofind

lesstimecommitmenttoboulderingthantomountainclimbing

intellectualandphysicalenjoymentasonesolvesproblems

BoulderingTerms

crimp:averysmallhandhold

foothold:aplacewhereonemayplaceafoottoaidinclimbingboulder

jug：averylargehandholdthatiseasytouseproblem:Thepathupaboulderisreferredtoasthe"problem"thatonemustsolve.The"solutionisthesequenceofmovesonemakesupandoveraboulder.

Hereisanexampleofaclimberaddressingaboulderingproblem.

Figure1:Theclimberhastworoutesshecouldtake,onetotheleftandonetotheright.Theleftoneappearseasierbecauseithasajugwithineasyreach,butlookwhathappensifshechoosesthatdirection.Shegetsstuckontherockandhastogobackdown.Sometimesthatisevenmoredifficultthangoingup.

Figure2:Theclimbertakestheonetotherightthistime.Usingafootholdandplacingherrighhandinacrimp,sheisabletoliftherselfupandlocateotherhandholds.Afteronlyafewmoves,sheisabletothrowherlegoverthetopoftheboulderandpullherselfup.

1.Whatcanweleamaboutbouldering

A.Itisapopularindoorsport.

B.Itisakindofclimbingwithoutropes,

C.Itneedsmapsandequipment.

D.Itisasteepcliffclimbing.

2.Whydoesboulderingbecomepopular

A.Becauseitchallengesthelimits.B.Becauseitisnotreadilyavailable.

C.Becauseitbuildsmindsandbodies.D.Becauseitiaateamgame.

3.Accordingtotheexample,whatistherightrouteusuallylike

A.Itisashortcut.B.Itadeadend.

C.Itistoughbuttothetop.D.Itislinedwithjugs.

IhavelearnedsomethingaboutmyselfsinceImovedfromLongIslandtoFloridathreeyearsago.EventhoughIownahomeinPortSt.Luciejustminutesfromtheocean,anuncontrollableurgewellsuptoreturntoLongIslandevenasothersmaketheirwaysouth.IguessIamasnowbirdstuckinreverse.InsteadofenjoyingFlorida’smildwinters,IwillinglyendurethesevereweatheronLongIsland,theplaceIcalledhomefor65years.

I’mlikeamigratorybirdthathaslostitssenseoftiminganddirection,mywingsflappinga-gainstseason.

SowhatmakesmeflyagainstthetideofsnowbirdsTheanswerhasalottodowithmyreluctancetogiveupthethingsthatdefinewhoIam.OnceIhearthatthetemperatureonLongIslandhasdippedintotherangeof40to50degrees,Ibegintolongforthesightandcracklingsoundofawoodfire.Ialsolongforthebrightdisplayo￡colors—firstinthe￡alltrees,andtheninthelimitsaroundhomesandatRockefellerCenter.Floridiansdecoratetoo,butcan’tcreatethespecialfeelofaNewEnglandwinter.

IsupposethebiggestreasonwhyItelumistocelebratetheholidayswithpeopleIhaven’tseeninmonths.WhatcouldbebetterthansittingwithfamilyandfriendsforaThanksgivingturkeydinner,orwatchingneighbors’childrenexcitedlyopengiftsonChristmasEventhefirstsnowfallseemsspecial.Iespeciallyenjoyseeingabrightredbirdsettlingonasnow-coveredbranch(MywifeandIspendwintersataretirementcommunityinRidge,andI’mgratefulthatIdon’thavetoshovel.）

WhilethesesimplepleasuresarenotuniquetoLongIsland,theyaresomeofthereasmiswhyIcomeback.Whosaysyoucan’tgohome

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"snowbird"inParagraph1referto

A.Apersonspendingwinterinawarmerclimate.

B.Abirdseenchieflyinwinter.

C.Apersonpermanentlylivinginaforeigncountry.

D.Abirdflyingtothesouthinwinter.

2.What’sthedifferencebetweenFloridaandLongIsland

A.WintersinLongIslandaremilder.

B.ThesnowbirdsinLongIslandarerarer.

C.WeatherinLongIslandisseverer.

D.LongIslandisnearertotheocean.

3.WhatdidtheauthormissmostwhenhewasinFlorida

A.Thecoldtemporature.B.Thecolorfullightdisplay.

C.Thefamilygathering.D.Thewinterlandscape.

4.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext

A.Topraisethebeautyandwarmthofhishometown.

B.Todescribehisdreamtobeafreebird.

C.Toexplainthereasonsformovingfromhishometown.

D.Toexpresshisfeelingofmissinghishometown.

It’sundeniablethatspendingtimeoutdoorsandinnatureliftsourspiritsandmakesusfeelmorecenteredandatpeace.Whenwebreatheinfreshair,andenjoythebeautyoftrees,streamsandoceans,wenaturallytendtofeelmoreconnectedtoourselvesandothers.

Overthepastdecade,scientistshavebeenexploringwhynature—anddirtspecifically—issuchapowerfultoolinimprovingourmood.Accordingtoresearchers,thesecretmaylieinthemicrobes（微生物）ofthesoil.Onebacteriumspecifically----MycobacteriumVaccae（M.Vaccae）—hasbeenidentifiedashavingthepowertoaffectourmoodsandcognitivefunctionaswell.

ExperimentsconductedatSageCollegesinNewYorkfoundthatcontactwithM.Vaccaecanincreaseserotoninlevelsinthebrain—achemicalthatisassociatedwithhigherlevelsofhappiness,increasedfocus,andreducedanxiety.Inordertoexplorehowthebacteriacanimprovelearning,researchersDoryMathewsandSusanJenksexperimentedwithmiceinamaze.Micethatingestedthebacterianavigatedthemazetwiceasfastasthecontrolgroupandprovedlessanxiousaswell.

HumanscanabsorbM.Vaccaejustbyplayinginthedirt.Wetakeinitwhenwebreathe,weconsumeitinorganicvegetables,anditcanalsoenterourbloodstreamthroughskincontact,especiallywherewehaveopencuts.Thismayexplainwhychildreninschoolperformbetterafterbreak.

NeuroscientistChristopherLowryattheUniversityofBristolinEnglandbelievesthathehasi-dentifiedwhythisincrediblebacteriumworks."Whatwethinkhappensisthatthebacteriaactivateimmunecells,whichreleasechemicalscalledcytokinesthatthenactonreceptorsonthesensorynervestoincreasetheiractivity.”

BeyondthepowerofM.Vaceae,scientistshavebeenprovingfordecadesthatexposuretodirt,andthehugenumberofmicrobesfoundindirt,canstrengthenourimmunesystem.Whenourbodycomesintocontactwithbacteria,itstoresdieinfonnationinatypeoflibraryandcanthenusethatinformationtofightsicknessandinfectionmoreeffectively.

Happiness,focus,lessanxiety......I’lltakeadoubledoseofdirt;please!

1.Whatraisespeople’sspiritswhilespendingtimeoutdoors

A.Air.B.Trees.

C.WaterD.Dirt.

2.HowdoesM.Vaccaework

A.Byworkingonsensorynerves.B.Byfightingsicknessandinfisction,

C.Bystrengtheningtheimmunesystem.D.Bymakingimmunecellsactive.

3.Accordingtothetext,whatdoestheauthorintendtodonext

A.Providesomeadviceonreducinganxietyforreaders,

B.Summarizethepreviousparagraphsaboutliftingone’smood.

C.Explainhowheorshewillexposehimselforherselftodirt.

D.Introduceanewtopicrelatedtodirtfordiscussion.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A.FightSicknessandInfectionMoreEffectively

B.HowGettingDirtyCanActuallyliftYourMood

C.Let’sTakeaDeepBreathofFreshAir

D.EnjoyBeautyandNaturallyConnecttoOthers

Itisbecomingincreasinglyimportantforresearcherstocloselymonitorouroceanlife.However,observingseacreaturesUpcloseisalmostimpossiblesincehumanpresencescaresthem.Now,thankstoTheSoftRoboticFish,alsoknownasSoFi,researchersmaybeabletokeepacloseeyeontheseacreatures.

BuiltbyMITComputerScienceandArtificialIntelligenceLaboratory(CSAIL),thewhitere-mote-controlledrobotresemblestherealfish,completewithatailthatwavesfromsidetoside.Thoughnotthefirstautonomousunderwatervehicle(AUV)createdtomonitortheocean,SoFiset-tlesmanyoftheproblemsthathaveblockedtheusefulnessofthepreviousrobotfish.

PreviousAUVshavehadtobelinkedtoboatsbecauseradiofrequencycommunicationsdon’tworkwellunderwater.Toovercometheproblem,DirectorofdieCSALLDanielaRusandherteamusedsoundwaves.ThetechnologycantravelgreaterdistancesallowingdiverstopilotSoFifromupto50feetaway.

AlsolimitingtheusefulnessoftraditionalAUVsistheriskofcollision.Withtheoutsidemadeofsoftsilicone（硅树脂）rubberandflexibleplasticthatkeepsitsinbuiltelectronicsdry,SoFiposesnosuchdanger."Collisionavoidanceoftenleadstounnecessarymovement,sincetherobothastosettleforacollision-freepath",saysRus."Incontrast,asoftrobotisnotonlymorelikelytosurviveacollisionbutalsocoulduseitasinformationtoformamoreworkablemovementplannexttimearound."

Duringtestdives,SoFimovedalongsidetheoceanlifeatdepthsof50feetforupto40minutesatatime,takingphotosandmakingvideos.Theresearcherssaysometimesthefishwouldswima-longsidethestrange-lookingrobot-fishoutofcuriosity,whileatothertimestheytooknonoticeofitsexistence.

WhileSoFipresentlyonlyrecordsvideo,futureversionswillincludesensors.Theresearchersalsohopetomakeitmoreautonomous."Weimaginesomedayitmighthelpusuncovermoresecretsfromtheamazingunderwaterworldthatweknowsolittleabout,"saysRus.

1.WhatdoesthewaterthinkofSoFi

A.Itmakesoceancreaturedetectioneasier.

B.ItisthefirstAUV.

C.Itiscloselycontrolled.

D.Itscaresseaanimalsaway.

2.Accordingtopara3,whichofthefollowingisture

A.Soundwavestravelfasterthanradio

B.Soundwavesworkbetterthanradiounderwater.

C.PreviousAUVsusesoundAvavestocommunicate.

D.AboattravelsalongwithSoFionthewater.

3.HowdoesSoFidealwithcollision

A.Itcanbenefitfaromitsinbuiltelectronics.

B.Itcanavoidextramovement.

C.Itcansmartlyadjustitsmovementplan.

D.Itissetforacollision-freepath.

4.WhatwillhappentoSoFiinthefuture

A.SoFicanrecordvideos.

B.SoFiwillgoinvisible.

C.SoFiwillbefreefromexternalcontrol.

D.SoFiwillbeequippedwithsmartdevices.

二、七选五

"Post-truth"waschosenbyOxfordDictionariesastheWordoftheYear20xx.Indeed,digitalmisinformationisontheriseanditishardforpeopletodistinguish.1.

BeforethedawnoftheInternet,Canadiansregularlyturnedtotrustingtheirpreferrednewspapersorradiostationsforthelatestnews.2.It’snowcomingatyoufromsomanydifferentsourcesthatyouneedtotakeresponsibilityforwhatyou’reseeing.

Expertsrecommendrelyingonarangeofsourcesinsteadofjustone,butlookingintothemfirst.3.Forexample,thepeopleconnected,wherethey’rebased,andtheirintention.Alackofinformationiscertainlyawarning.

Next,learningtorecognizemisinfonnationisimportant.Falsenewsspreadsmostlythroughsocialmedia.Soifyou’relookingatnewsonFacebook,youhavetohandleitinawiserway.4.Isitfromawell-informedrelativeorafriendwhoregularlyexpressesextremeviewsAndwhateveryoudo,onlybyclickingthroughcanyouseewhethertheinformationisaccurate.

5.Ithasnolimitsinachievingthatgoal,soitplaysonfeelingsandusesimproperlanguage.Therefore,ifyoufeelexcitedtosharesomethingimmediately,that’sthetimeyoushouldstopandask,"Isitaccurate"Ifwealltakethatextralittlepause,we’llbeabletostopthisfalsethingfromspreading.

A.Sourcesthatarereliabletellyouaboutthemselves.

B.Fortunately,therearesomesimplewaystotellfactsfromfiction.

C.Considerwho’ssharingitifit’snotposteddirectlyfromthesource.

D.Today42%ofthemusesocialmediaatleastonceadaytogettheirnews.

E.Someonesetsup"HotGlobalNews",hopingtheaddollarswouldpourin.

F.Falsenewsisdesignedtoseekattentioninordertoselladsormakeanideapublic.

G.Evaluatingsourcesandgettingreliablenewsisimportantintheageofmisinformation.

三、完形填空

AFloridswomanwalkedintoaPublixsupermarketlastweek.Sheaskeda（n）____questionatthebakerycounter,“Arethereanyfirst-birthdaycakesscheduledfor__overtheweekend

NickDeClemente,whoworksatthestore,wasinitially__bytherequest.Hethenaskedifthewomanhadany__personinmind.Tohissurprise,shedidn’t.

Thewomansaid,"No,Iwanttopayforoneanonymously（匿名）,"

Minuteslater,shestartedtoburstinto__.Shethenexplainedtohimthatherbabywasbom__oneyearagoandshewantedto__hismemoiybypayingforanother1-year-old’sbirthdaycake.

"Iwasalittlelostforwordsjustbecauseofthedeep__Idevelopedforher,"DeClementerecalled.He___apileofcakeordersandpickedoutanorderforabirthdaycakefora1-year-oldboynamedDavid.Thebuttercreamtoppedsheetcake,which__atleast20people,cost$32.99.Thewoman__agreedtopay.

“Shetoldme,“Thankyou,and__thatIletherdothis,"DeClementesaid”"Ihopethatthisladyfinds__throughthisgiftandthatthecustomerreceivingthisgiftwillpayit__,"“Itoldherhowmuchitmademy__especiallybecauseIhavealittleboyonthewayandwishedhermany__DeClementesaid,explaininghewasstandingbythestoreysfrontdoorasshewas__.

Thedad-to-besaidhenevergothernamenordidhegeta__toexplaintothecustomerwhosecakewaspaidforthestorybehindthe__gesture—buthehopestheirpaths____gain.

1.A.commonB.unusualC.personalD.difficult

2.A.pick-upB.decorationC.discountD.giveaway

3.A.amusedB.struckC.confusedD.disturbed

4.A.proudB.specificC.missinigD.famous

5.A.sobsB.laughterC.cheersD.applause

6.A.deafB.blindC.lambD.dead

7.A.eraseB.collectC.storeD.honor

8.A.mourningB.respectC.anxietyD.worry

9.A.wentthroughB.cametoC.lookedforD.gotby

10.A.feedsB.attractsC.servesD.fills

11.A.quietlyB.regretfllyC.proudlyD.gladly

12.A.expectedB.appreciatedC.announcedD.accepted

13.A.reliefB.peaceC.healthD.satisfaction

14.A.backB.offC.forwardD.up

15.A.dayB.businessC.successD.way

16.A.achievementsB.fortunesC.blessingsD.romances

17.A.leavingB.workingC.buyingD.wishing

18.A.rightB.desireC.chanceD.courage

19.A.smartB.sweetC.heroicD.polite

20.A.stopB.leadC.windD.cross

四、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge(HZMB),the1.(eight)wonderforthe21stcmtuiy.openedonthemorningofOctober24th,20xx.Thebridgelinksthreeareas,making2.muchmoreconvenienttotravelfromonetoanother.Sinceopening,thethree-hourdrive3.HongKong$ZhuhaiandMacao4.(shorten)to30minutes.

Theprojectinvolvedmorethan400newpatents，brokesevenworldrecordsandfeatured5.(independent)developedkeytechniquesanddesign.Afteran8-yearstruggle,thesuccessoftheHZMBachieves6.severalgenerationshavebeendreamingof,andamazesthewholeworldwithitsdemonstrationofperfectskillsandhigh-levelChinesestandards.Thebridgeisintendedtobe7.(rely)formorethan120years.FromtheBeltandRoadInitiativeto"CreatedinChi-na",thereisalwaysagroupofpeople8.(provide)strongtechnicalsupportforeachofthecountry’shugeprojects.FromthebeginninginDece