高考语法填空考点总结文档

(完满word版)高考语法填空考点总结,文档(完满word版)高考语法填空考点总结,文档(完满word版)高考语法填空考点总结,文档语法填空考点剖析动谓语动词时态（八大时态）提词语态（主动语态&被动语态）示非谓语动现在分词词词过去分词形不定式式形容词与副词的比较级或最高等词性变换（名词&动词&形容词&副词）词义变换（派生词）冠词（a/an/the）介词(in,on,at,behind,for,with,from...)代人称代词（主格&宾格）纯词物主代词（形容词性物主代词&名词性物主代词）空反身代词格指示代词（this，that，these,those）形不定代词（some,other,another,both,...）式疑问代词连隶属连词名词性从句词定语从句状语从句并列连词（but,however,so,and,...）固定短语或句型有提示词的解题技巧一：谓语动词：若句子没有其他谓语动词，或许诚然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。Hisfearoffailure_______(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedexcitedly.keptThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.closed3.Threepeople____(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic..weretaken4.Shetoldhimthatshe________(bring)himthewaterintenminutes.wouldbring二、非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用现在分词、过去分词，仍是不定式。非谓语动词的形式必然要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。技巧一：作主语或宾语，平常用现在分词形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示详细的情况。11.Butitisnotenoughonly_______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.剖析：因it是形式主语，后边用不定式作真实的主语，故填tomemorize。2._____________(speak)outyourfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed.剖析：句中已有谓语won’tmake，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。技巧二：作目的状语或许在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。______________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.剖析：因句中已有谓语willhavetowork，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划达成这项工程”是“我们每日不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填Tocomplete。Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_______(succeed).剖析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填tosucceed。技巧三：作陪伴状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。Hesawthestone,____________(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”剖析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应该是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作陪伴状语。Theheadmasterwentintothelab,______________(follow)bytheforeignguests.剖析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作陪伴状语。Therewillbeameeting,___________(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.剖析：因ameeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明ameeting，故填starting。Lessons_______________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.剖析：因句中已有谓语canhelp，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。特别提示有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类变换。如：ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather__________(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.剖析：括号中所给词choose诚然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应该填choose的名词形式choice。谓语动词与非谓语动词的比较练习：Heenteredtheroom，__________(hold)abookinhishand.holdingHeenteredtheroomand_________(hold)abookinhishand.heldIpolitelyrefusedherinvitationand___________(walk)away.walkedIpolitelyrefusedherinvitation，___________(walk)away.walking3.Aboy__________(call)Jackcameheretoday.called2Aboywho_____________(call)Jackcameheretoday.wascalled4.Weenjoythemovie___________(direct)byafamousartist.directedWeenjoythemoviewhich_______________(direct)byafamousartist.wasdirectedWhenI_________(hear)thenews，Iwasexcited.heardWhen____________(hear)thenews，Iwasexcited.hearingUnlessI____________(invite)，Iwon,tattendtheparty.wasinvitedUnless____________(invite)，Iwon’tattendtheparty.invited三．出的提示是形容或副当括号中所的是形容或副，且依照句空格需要的仍是形容或副，可能填的比或最高。Heisoneofthe_________(great)manthatIhaveeverknown.greatest____________(luck)thanotherstudentsinherclass,shewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.LuckierWhenheseesotherstudents__________(good)thanhim,heusuallythinkthattheyhavehigherIQ.betterAtfirstwewantedtoflybecauseitwouldbe_________(fast)andwouldsaveusmoretime.fasterThe___________(big)andmostpowerfulanimalintheforestwasthebear.biggestThe___________(young)angelwasveryangryandblametheolderangel.younger解技巧：若两者之比，或许有than，就用比不出than,即省略了“than+比象”种含式比，要注境地理解注意“less/least+原”的降比若是多者之比，或许有in、of等介短表示比范，要用最高比前可用abit、alittle表示稍稍，一点；用much、alot表示“⋯⋯得多”、even表示“更为”as⋯as⋯用原之最高前要有the(1)Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould.Hejumpedeven_________(hard)andnearlymadehimselfout.harder(2)The______________(strong)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.strongerOfthetwocoats,I’choosedthe_____________(cheap)onetosparesomemoneyforabook.cheaper(4)Youaredrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabit_______________(slow)?slower(5)Thiswashingmachineisenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseituses__________(little)waterandelectricitythanoldermodels.less(6)ThemelontheSmithsservedatdinnerwouldhavetasted______________(good)ifithadbeenputinthefridgeforalittlewhile.better三、性依照在句子所作句子成分确定用哪一种形式。①作表、定或，平常用形容。如：3Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.剖析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。Ina________(danger)partofthesea,theylosttheirway.剖析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents________(interest)inthesubject.剖析：因所填词在句中作宾语mostoftheirstudents的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。②作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词。WhenChina’ancientsscientificandtechnological________(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.剖析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’sancientscientificandtechnological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。Thesepeoplehavemadegreat____________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.剖析：在句中作及物动词havemade的宾语，要用名词形式；表示作贡献，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。③在形容词性物主代词后，或许在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词。如：Their___________(happy)isbasedonmoney.剖析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应该用名词，故填happiness。The___________(operate)ofthesystemisverydifficult.剖析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。④修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：AsIlooked__________(close)atthisgirl,Ifoundthatshewasn’tuglyatall.剖析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。Theremustbesomething____________(serious)wrongwithoursociety.剖析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。SinglesareflockingtotheInternet________(main)becausetheirbusylifestylesleavethemlittletime.剖析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。______________(fortunate),onlytwostudentscanpassthefinalexam.剖析：修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，且依照句意可知，要表达“不幸的是”，故填Unfortunately⑤派生词：有可能是词义变换题，词类或词性不用然要变，主若是察看拥有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，需要在词前加前缀un-,im-,,dis-等，或在该词后加后缀-lessPeoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeis________(use).剖析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故useless。Yourmistakecausedalotof________(necessary)workintheoffice.剖析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但依照句意，“错误惹起了很多不用要的麻烦事”，故填unnecessary。4(im)possible(im)polite(un)happy(un)healthy(un)kindcare(less)home(less)use(less)（dis)likeWhatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.__1__,thesurestwaytosuccessistokeepyourdirectionandstick__2__yourgoal.Onyourwaytosuccess,you__3__keepyourdirection.Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessand__4__(help)youovercomeobstaclesonyourway.__5__,youwilleasilygetlostorhesitatetogoahead.Directionmeansobjectives.Youcangetnowhere__6__anobjectiveinlife.Youcantrytowriteyourobjectiveonpaperandmakesomeplanstoachieve__7__.Onlyinthisway__8__youknowhowtoarrangeyourtimeandtospendyourtime__9__(proper)．Andyoushouldalsohaveabelief__10__youaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.【剖析】本文告我，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是持你的方向和目。1．However与前句是折关系，空格前后都有点，用副however。2．tostickto意“持”。3．must由境揣摸出作者的气，句意：在通往成功的路上，你必持你的方向。4．helping与guiding并列，一同充明alamp，故用在分。5．Otherwise由本句与前句的关系可知，要填表示“否”的otherwise。6．without句意：人生若是没有目，你将一事无成。7．itit指代yourobjective。8．will/can句意：只有，你才会知道⋯⋯9．properly修spend作状用副。10．that引同位从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意完满，故填that。5语法填空：纯空格的解题技巧一、冠词（一）不定冠词a，an的用法1表示泛指，泛指任何的、不限制的或首Longlongaago,therewas______littlegirl次提到的人或事物wholivedwithsevenlittleman.a2表示“每一”，相当于every,oneWestudyeighthours______day.aa和an的差异：a用于辅音开头的单词前，an用于元音开头的单词前Thereis____“u”intheword”use”.Asweallknow,____hourisequalto60minutes.（二）定冠词the的用法：1表特指(1）特指上文已提到过的人或事Thereisapenhere._____penismine.物(2)用于带后置定语的名词前，Thewaterin_____bottleisclean.表示特定的人或事物(3)特指说话双方都知道或能体Pleaseturnon____radio.会到的人或事物2表类指(1)用于形容词前表示一类人____richand____poorshouldbetreatedequal.(2)用于分词前表示一类人Thedoctoristakingcareof_____injuredand_____dying.thedying紧迫的人(3)与单数可数名词连用表种类_____horseisausefulanimal.3表独指用于世上唯一无二的事物名词____earthturnsaround____sun.前4习用法(1)用于乐器名称前Hebegantoplay_____violinattheageofsix.(2)表示“一家人”或“夫妇”___Greens格林一家/格林夫妇(3)用于序数词、形容词和副词的Ofthetwocoats,Iprefer____cheaper比较级和最高等前one.(4)用于由一般名词组成的专有____UnitedStates名词前____People’sRepublicofChina(5)用于江河、大海、山脉等名词____HimalayaMountains,前___YellowRiver,____TaiwanIsland(6)用于方向名词前in___east/west/north/south(7)用于世纪的某个年月in____1990’s/1990s在20世纪90年月冠词练习：Hetalkedtousin____unusualway.anIsatnexttothemanandintroducemyself.Wehad___amazingconversation.anOnemorninghewaswalkingalongthestreetwhenastrangerstoppedhim.”Well,”answered_____stranger,“areyoustillwillingtotakeachance?”theJohn,thereis____Mr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.AAyoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.____waterwassweet.The6二、介词介词包括表时间、方向、方式的介词on，in，at，with，by，through等。若是名词、代词前是空格，且该名词或代词不是作主语、宾语、或表语，而更多是作状语时，很可能填介词。其他，含有介词的固定搭配要积累。1、Ididn’twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn’tlikeleavinghim____owneither.ononone’eown=byoneself单独地，靠自己地2、Theyoungmanwenthome________ahappyheart.with3、Hewasverytired________doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappy.from/after4、Ifyoustillhaven’tgotamotto,pleasechooseonebecauseamottocanhaveagreatinfluence_____you.on5、Themachineworks____itself.by6、It’sunbelievablethatJohnfelloffthetruck_______beinghurt.without7、Rosewaswildwithjoy_____theresultoftheexam.as8、Assoonasheenteredtheroom,hetook____hiscapandsatdown.off9、Thenumberoftheemployeeshasgrownfrom1000to1200.Thismeansthatithasrisen______20percent.by三、代词代词的种类众多，包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等，其中近来几年来对代词it在句中指代事物,作形式主语或形式宾语的用法较常有。若是句子缺少主语或宾语，那必然是填名词或代词，名词一般都是词性变换，所以没给出提示词的，一般都是填代词。1.Scientistsinthefuturewillcertainlyfindotherwaystomakelifelastlonger.______willfindcuresformorediseases.缺人称代词，且作主格，填They2.Asateenager,Tomspentsummersworkingasalifeguard.Fortyyearslater,_____becametheoldestpresident.缺人称代词，且作主格，填he3.“Iamdisappointedthatyouliedtome,Jack.Iamangry,notwith____,butwithmyself.”Dadsaid.缺人称代词，且作宾格，填you4.Tomisakind-heartedman,soyoucanask______forhelp.缺人称代词，且作宾语，填him5.Theboyhadmisunderstoodthedoctor.Hethoughtthathewasgoingtogivehissisterall____blood.缺形容词性物主代词，填his6.Hereismydictionary.Maybe______isonthetable.Ifyoustillcan’tfindit,youmayaskyourmotherforhelp.缺主语，且没有提示词，所以依照句意，缺名词性物主代词，填yours7.-----CouldIborrowyoupen?-------Yes,help________.缺反身代词，填yourself.8.Byplayinggames,theycannotonlyacquireknowledge,butalsocultivatetheirabilitiestogetalongwith_______.Others9.Ofthetwoforeignguests,oneisfromLondon,______isfromNewYork.Theother710.Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike______?”it11..Sherememberedhowdifficult_______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.12.Ithink_____necessarythatwedrinkplentyofwatereveryday.it四、连词若是两个句子（即两个主谓构造）之间没有分号或句号，也没相关系词连结或引导，则填并列连词或隶属连词。并列连词：包括表转折but，while,however,or,otherwise；并列and；因果because，so等连词。隶属连词：包括that,who,which,where,when,as等。1.Heansweredallmyquestions_____wetalkedforoveranhour.andIpatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseat_____tookadeepbreathtohelprelaxmyself.andIthoughtwewouldbelatefortheconcert,____weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.butYouhavefailedtwotests.You’dbetterstartworkingharder,____youwon’tpassthecourse.orI’dliketostudylawatuniversity________mycousinprefersgeography.whileTheywantedtocharge$5,000forthecar,_______wemanagedtobringthepricedown.butPeoplefromblackcountryareveryfriendly.________,theirlocaldialectisdifficulttounderstand.However五、固定搭配或句型1.依照重申句构造“Itis/was+被重申部分+that/who+句子剩下部分”判断空格处填it仍是that._____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldnmeat.It’teatItwasinthepark_____Jackmetyoursisteryesterday.that2.若是句子构造完满，空格后是谓语动词且谓语动词原形，而且上下文时态和谓语形式不是很一致时，则考虑以下两种情况：（1）填表示重申的助动词However,anawfulaccident________happenyesterday.didAsweallknow,Mary_____practicespeakingEnglisheveryday.does(2)以only+状语（从句）位于句首,句子要部分倒装句，即把be动词、助动词提到主语的前面。Onlythen____IrealizethatIwaswrong.didOnlyinthisway___youabletodoitwell.areIwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,patience,positivethinkingandperseverance,wereasurepath1__________success.Butthisadvicedoesnotalwaysworkasplanned.Myhighschoolmathsexamisoneexample.Theexam,2_________wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,3__________(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute.This,4,didn’t8bothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax5__________.Butmymoodchangedquickly______Isawthefirstquestion.Ihadnoideahowtodoit.Itriedtostaypositive7__________Ifinallyfoundthesolution.Withtheproblem8___________(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.9___________(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft10___________(complete)therest.1.to2.which3.waschanged4.however5.myself6.when/as22.until8.solved9.Unfortunately10tocompleteMorethan2000yearsago,therelivedayoungmanintheShoulingareaoftheStateofYan.1______(lack)self-confidence,hewas2_____alossastohowtobehaveallthetime.3______thedayswentby,he4_______(feel)thathiswalkinggesturesweretooclumsyandawkward.Oneday,hemetsomepeopleontheroadwhowerechattingandlaughing.5______ofthemsaidthatpeopleinHandanwalked6________(grace).Andthatwasjust7_____hewasmostconcernedabout,sohewenttoHandan，8_______wasfaraway,tolearnhowtowalk.AssoonashearrivedinHandan,helearnedfromthechildrentherehowtowalk,9_______hethoughtthatthechildrenswalking’gestureswerelively.Helearnedfromtheoldpeopletherehowtowalk,becausehethoughttheoldpeople'swalkinggesturesweresteady.Helearnedfromthewomentherehowtowalk,becausehethoughtthewomen'swavingwalkinggestureswerebeautiful.Thatbeingthecasewithhim,inlessthanhalf10______monthheevenforgothowtowalk.Ashehadalreadyuseduphistravelingexpenses,hehadtocrawl.Lacking。因he与lack是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，表示原因。at。固定短语：ataloss茫然，不知怎样是好。asto至于，对于As。引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。felt。由上下文可知，用一般过去时。One。指其中之一，用故oneofthem。gracefully。修饰动词作状语，用副词gracefully。what。引导表语从句并在从句中作about的宾语，故用连结代词what。which。引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,只能用which。because。a。搭配：halfamonth半个月。Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.______31____waterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoelder_______32____hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman_____33___.(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled____34_____(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome____35______ahappyheart.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet__36___studenttastethewater.Hespititout,__37___(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasno