高考英语作文话题历史与地理范文详解

高考英语作文话题-历史与地理-范文详解（全）[话题解读]“历史与地理”是高中英语课程标准24个话题之一，也是高考常考话题。本话题包含中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重要历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。经过“历史与地理”这一话题的学习和高考观察，加强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。[高考研究]近几年的高考英语中，“历史与地理”这个话题层见迭出。在阅读理解、完形填空以及写作中，出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地大要、风土人情等，比方2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2016年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2016年北京卷书面表达、2015年四川卷阅读理解E篇和2012年四川卷完形填空等。假如你是李明，你正在陕西省省会西安旅行。你的朋友彼得发来电子邮件，让你介绍一下当地状况。请依据下表所供应的重点作出回复，并希望他也能来此旅行。基本状况1.历史悠长，华夏文明的发源地，号称“自然历史博物馆”；2.四周对山傍水，风景优美。重要名胜古迹1.秦始皇兵马俑(世界第八大奇观)；2.周边有华山(五岳之一)、渭河、秦岭山脉等；3.参照词汇：秦始皇兵马俑TerraCottaWarriorsandHorses佳作赏识DearPeter，IamverygladtotellyouaboutmytripinXiShaanxiProvince.Itsbeautifulsceneryisreallyitslonghistoryhasimpressedmesomuch.

’an，thecapitalcityofafeastfortheeyesandThereisnodenyingthatXi’anistheoriginofChinesecivilization.Maybe“theeighthmajormiracleoftheworld”alone，TerraCottaWarriorsandHorses，isenoughtoexplainwhyitenjoysthetitleof“NaturalHistoryMuseum”，nottomentionothernumeroushistoricalsites，suchasFamenTempleandtheCityWalloftheMingDynastyandsoon.Furthermore，withQinlingMountainstothesouthandtheWeiheRivertothenorthitisinafavorablegeographicallocationsurroundedbywaterandhills.HuashanMountaininparticularmakesmeloveitatthefirstsightwithitsbreathtakingcliffsanduniquecharacteristics.Nowonderthatitisregardedasoneofthefivebest-knownmountainsinChina.Xi’anisreallyworthyourvisiting.Ilookforwardtoyourcoming.Yours，LiMing名师点睛本文结构完好，思路清楚，字里行间表现并吻合了描述地址类说明文的基本格式和要求。文章分为两部分来介绍西安——风景和历史古迹，条理很清楚。短文中运用了宾语从句、过去分词短语作定语等复杂句式以及Thereisnodenyingthat...，Nowonderthat...等固定句式和afeastfortheeyes，nottomention，atthefirstsight，beregardedas等高级词汇，使得文章语言地道而丰富。话题单词1．attackvt.攻击；侵袭2．disappearvi.消逝→disappearancen．消逝；失散3．escapevi.逃跑4．feedvt.饲养；饲养；靠为生；向供应5．localadj.当地的→locatevt.把设置(在)；使坐落(于)→locationn．地址；地址6．nativeadj.当地的；本国的7．raisevt.饲养；提高8．rangen．山脉；vi.摆列；延伸9．ruinvt.破坏；破坏；n.废墟；破坏10．strikev．忽然侵袭；打击；动人；忽然想到11．threatenvt.威迫；恐吓→threatn．威迫12．abolishvt.取销13．aggressionn．侵略→aggressiveadj.侵略的；拥有攻击性的14．betrayvt.出卖；泄漏机密15．distributevt.发放；发散→distributionn．分配；配给16．droughtn．干旱17．dynastyn．朝代18．eruptvi.(火山)迸发；喷发→eruptionn．迸发19．frightenvt.使慌张→frighteningadj.令人慌张的，骇人的→frightenedadj.惧怕的；吃惊的20．foggyadj.有雾的→fogn．雾21．freezingadj.冰冻的；极冷的→freezevi.&vt.将冷冻，冻僵→frozenadj.结冰的，冷冻的22．geographyn．地理23．historicadj.历史的；有历史意义的→historyn．历史→historicaladj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的24．historicaladj.与历史有关的25．incidentn．事变26．independencen．独立27．invadevt.侵略28．monumentn．纪念碑29．mountainousadj.多山的30．occupyvt.占据；使忙碌31．originn．发源；由来32．religionn．宗教33．religiousadj.宗教的34．remoteadj.偏僻的；荒僻的35．racialadj.种族的36．revolutionn．革命37．sacrificevt.牺牲38．shortagen．缺少39．showern．阵雨；淋浴40．supplyvt.供应；供应；n.供应；供应41．terrifyvt.使恐惧42．urbanadj.城市的；都市的43．weaponn．武器语境活用[用所给词的正确形式填空]1．Thesebirdshaveawidegeographicaldistribution(distribute)．2．IshowedthemIwasindependent(independence)bywearingstrangeclothes.(2016·全国Ⅲ)3．Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrightening(frighten)experience，especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.(2016·浙江)4．Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest，underfreezing(freeze)water，inthedamagedwoodenship.(2016·全国Ⅱ)5．Withoutcreativehumanoccupation(occupy)，peoplebecamedisconnectedfromlife.(2014·浙江)6．Itwasalsomuchmorethanwecouldafford，butfarlessthantheoriginal(origin)askingprice.(2015·天津)7．Twain’smysterynovelPudd’nheadWilsonstoodasachallengetotheracial(race)beliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.8．Hewaspreparedtogivehislifetotherevolutionary(revolution)cause.话题短语1．atwar在开战中2．belocatedin/liein坐落于/位于3．berichin富含；盛产4．beseparatefrom与分别5．besurroundedby被包围/环绕着6．breakout(战争、火灾等)迸发7．clearup清理；除去；天气转晴8．datefrom发源于；追想到；始于9．declarewaron对宣战10．defendagainst抵挡11．inpeace和平川12．inthelongrun从长远来看13．takeon表现；接受(工作)；开始聘任14．turnagainst背叛15．votefor/against投票支持/反对语境活用[运用上述短语完成片段]Thetown，which1.islocatedin/liesinthesouthofthatcountry,2.isrichin(盛产)gold.It3.issurroundedby(被包围)highmountains.Inordertooccupythatplace，warsoften4.tookplace，andseveralcountriesusedtobe5.atwar(在开战中)．Later，thetown6.wasseparatedfrom(与分别)thatcountry.Nowpeopleinthattownarelivingthere7.inpeace(和平地)．Thetownhas8.takenon(表现)anewlook.经典句式1．so...that...Sometimesasmileissopowerfulthatitgivespeoplesufferingfromdisastersgreatcourage.有时，浅笑的力量会这样强盛以致于它给遇到灾害的人以巨大的勇气。仿写它的困难显得这么大，所以无论我们多么努力都一次次地失败。(2016·天津)Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat，howeverhardwework，wefailagainandagain.2．Thereisnodoubtthat...Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitiesthathavecausedthisglobalwarming.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全世界变暖正是人类活动所致。仿写这其实不意味着我们正变得更聪慧或相反，但是毫无疑问，我们利用记忆的方式在变。(2015·安徽)Thisdoesn’tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligent，butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.3．完好倒装句Standingonthetopofthehillisamonument，datingbacktohundredsofyearsago.矗立在山顶上的是一座纪念碑，它可以追想到几百年前。仿写纸的下方有这样一句话：连续努力看看你能做什么？(2015·重庆)Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords：“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying？”attackn．&v．攻击；侵袭；攻击(1)Thatnight，HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast，andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.那一天夜晚，飓风桑迪侵袭了东海岸，Rockaway受灾特别严重。(2016·北京)(2)Theymadeafierceattackontheenemy.他们向仇家发动强烈攻击。attacksb.forsth.因某事而诘问某人attacksb.withsth.用某物攻击某人beattackedwithadisease患病makeanattackon...向发动攻击underattack遇到攻击基础知识训练——[单句语法填空](1)Theyattackedhimwiththeirbarehands.(2)Shehasbeenattackedforignoringherownpartymembers.(3)Havingbeenattacked(attack)byafeverforaweek，hefeelsquiteweak.写作能力提高——[同义句改写](4)Thecropisbeingattackedbyamillionlocusts.Thecropisunderattackbyamillionlocusts.beunderattack表示一个被动的正在进行的动作，相当于bebeingattacked。escapev．逃走；躲避；被忘记；泄漏．逃走；躲避；泄漏；漏出(1)Fortunately，Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgesclosed.好运的是，娜塔利一家人在城市桥梁关闭前不久就逃到了布鲁克林区。(2016·北京)(2)Hehadanarrowescape.他九死一世。(1)escapefrom从逃走；躲避escapedoing/beingdonesth.躲避(被)做某事(2)anarrowescape九死一世注意下边两个短语的差别：escapefromprison逃狱escapeprison逃过牢狱之灾基础知识训练——[写出以下句子中escape的汉语意思](1)I’msorry，butyournameescapesme.被忘记(2)Howwillweknowifthere’sanygasescaping？流出；泄漏(3)Thecinemaallowedpeopletoescapefromthedepressingrealitiesoftheirlives.躲避(4)Threepeoplediedinthefire，butJohnescapedthroughthebedroomwindow.逃走写作能力提高——[一句多译]你很好运逃走了处罚。①Youareluckytoescapepunishment.(escape＋n.)Youareluckytoescapebeingpunished.(escapedoing)ruinv．破坏；破坏；(使)破产．破坏；废墟(1)Mynewwhitedresswastotallyruined!我那件白色的新裙子全给毁了。(朗文词典)(2)Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruin/werebroughttoruinafterthebigflood.洪水过后，大量的教堂毁掉了。(1)ruinoneself毁掉自己(2)inruins严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃；垮掉come/fallintoruin破坏；成为废墟bring...toruin使失败；使破坏[单句语法填空](1)YearsoffightinghasleftIraqruined(ruin)．(2)Thiscountrywasonceproudofitseducationsystem.Nowitseemstobeinruins.(3)Thecastlehasfallenintoruin.(4)Afterhewasdead，hisbodywouldruinitself(it)intwelvemonths.(5)Avillageoncesoattractivewasbroughttoruin.strikevt.&vi.打；停工；(时钟等)敲响(报时)；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以)印象；忽然想起．停工；打击(1)Asnowballstruckhimonthebackofthehead.一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。(朗文词典)(2)Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.假如提出的要求被拒绝，工人们就会停工。bestruckwith/by为所侵袭(动人)Itstrikesmethat...我感觉；我的印象是sth.strikesb.(＝sb.strikeonsth.)某人想到beonstrike在停工goonstrike举行停工基础知识训练——[写出以下句子中strike的汉语意思](1)Theclockhasjuststruck10.(钟)敲响(2)Hehitme，soIstruckhimback.打(3)Thegirlstruckamatchandlitacandle.擦(火柴)(4)Shewasstruckbyhiskindness.动人(5)Theyhavebeenonstrikeforseveraldays.停工(6)Abigearthquakestruckthearealastweek.侵袭写作能力提高——[一句多译]我忽然想起我把书忘在教室里了。ItstruckmethatIleftmybookintheclassroom.(strike)IthitmethatIleftmybookintheclassroom.(hit)ItoccurredtomethatIleftmybookintheclassroom.(occurto)threatenv．威迫；恐吓(1)However，othersareinfavoroftheinclusionbecauseitishardtosaywhetheritwillthreatentheChineselanguage.但是，其余人支持这类收录，由于很难说它能否威迫到汉语。(2014·江苏)(2)Thestrikerswerethreatenedwithdismissaliftheydidn’treturntowork.停工者遇到威迫说，假如它们不复工，就会被解雇。(1)threatensb.with...用威迫某人threatentodosth.威迫去做某事(2)threatn．威迫athreattosb./sth.对的威迫基础知识训练——[单句语法填空](1)Terrorismisathreattothewholecountry.(2)Hetiedherupandthreatenedherwithaknife.(3)Thehijackersthreatenedtokill(kill)onepassengereveryhouriftheirdemandswerenotmet.写作能力提高——[句式升级](4)Becausehewasthreatenedbyhisclassmates，hedidn’ttellthetruthtotheteacher.(用非过去分词短语作状语改写)Threatenedbyhisclassmates，hedidn’ttellthetruthtotheteacher.supplyvt.供应；供应．供应；供应(1)It’sourhopethatwewillplayagreaterroleinthemarketplaceand，therefore，supplymorejobs.(2014·安徽)我们希望的是，我们能在市场发挥更大作用，所以，供应更多的就业机遇。(2)Thisshopsuppliesuswithallweneed.这家商店给我们供应了我们所需要的全部。supplysth.tosb.＝supplysb.withsth.给某人供应某物inshortsupply供应不足asupplyof＝suppliesof大量的supply，provide，offer(1)supply指补给不足的人员、物质等，尤指大量供应、供应等。(2)provide指早先准备好必要品来供应。(3)offer指(主动)向某人供应某物。用法以下：为某人供应某物基础知识训练——[单句语法填空](1)Thereareagoodsupplyofforeignlanguagebooks.(2)Thefreshvegetablesareinshortsupplyontheisland.(3)TheHelpDesksuppliesservicetoyoualltheyearround!写作能力提高——[同义句改写](4)Sheofferedtolendmereferencebooks.①Sheofferedmeherreferencebooks.(用offer改写)②Sheofferedherreferencebookstome.(用offer改写)③Sheprovidedmewithherreferencebooks.(用provide改写)④Sheprovidedherreferencebooksforme.(用provide改写)⑤Shesuppliedmewithherreferencebooks.(用supply改写)⑥Shesuppliedherreferencebookstome.(用supply改写)beseparatefrom与分别(1)Theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld.他们与现代世界相分别。(2016·四川)(2)Aretheyjoinedtogetherorseparate?他们是连在一起的还是分开的？(1)separateadj.独立的；单独的；分开的；v.分开separateAfromB把A和B分开(2)o...把分成dividedadj.分裂的；有分歧的divide(into)，separate(from)(1)divide(into)指把整体分为若干部分。(2)separate(from)意为“使分开；使分别；分手”，指把本来结合在一起或混杂的东西分开，被分开的东西没有任何一致性，有时含实用暴力强行分开之意。[单句语法填空](1)Icanseparatecreamfrommilk.(2)Thetwocitiesareseparatedbyahighway.(3)Theheadmasterwishedtoseetheboysseparately(separate)．(4)Separation(separate)fromhisfamilymadehimverysad.(5)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgotseparated(separate)frommyfriends.[用divide，separate的正确形式填空](6)Theapplesweredividedintotwopartsandthenthebadoneswereseparatedfromthegoodones.(7)30dividedby5is6.(8)Asisknowntoall，EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheEnglishChannel.breakaway忽然走开；离开(1)Johnnybrokeawayandranoutside，determinednevertogotoanotherdance.Johnny挣脱开，跑到外面，决定不再参加舞会了。(2)TheTVbrokedownagain.电视又出故障了。breakout(战争、火灾等)迸发；忽然开始breakdown出故障；失败；垮掉；分解breakup粉碎；解散；放假；隔绝关系breakthrough获得打破；战胜breakinto破门而入；忽然开始[用break短语的正确形式填空](1)Itwasnouse，hecouldnotbreakawaysohegaveup.(2)Hishousewasbrokenintolastnight.(3)Armedconflictislikelytobreakoutbetweenthetwocountries.(4)Whatifyoubreakupwithyourpartner?(5)Scientiststhinktheyarebeginningtobreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.takein汲取；收留；采纳；理解；欺骗；观看(1)Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime，thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.你睡觉前汲取的脂肪越多，夜晚对你的身体的负担越重。(2016·四川)(2)Whenshegraduated，shetookupjournalism.她毕业后从事新闻业。takeoff腾跃；脱下；迅速流行；(事业等)步入正轨，腾跃takeon表现；开始；聘任；接受(工作)takeover接收；继承；支配takeup从事；连续；拿起；据有基础知识训练——[写出以下句子中takein的汉语意思](1)HecertainlytookusinwithhisstoriesabouthisexperiencesinMexico.欺骗(2)Gazingupintohiseyes，sheseemedtotakeinallhesaid.意会，理解(3)HepersuadedJoetotakehimin.收留(4)Theywillcertainlyneedtotakeinplentyofliquid.汲取(5)Iwaswonderingifyoumightwanttotakeinamoviewithmethisevening.观看写作能力提高——[依据提示完成小片段](6)18岁时，他接收了父亲的公司。作为总经理，他吸纳了大量人材，这使他的公司表现新的容颜。最后，他的事业步入正轨。Attheageof18，hetookoverhisfather’scompany.Asachiefmanager，hetookinanumberoftalents，whichmadehiscompanytakeonanewlook.Atlast，hiscareertookoff.raisevt.饲养；举起；提高；筹集；提出[写出以下句子中raise的汉语意思](1)Alotofmoneyhasbeenraisedtohelppoorchildrentofinishschool.筹集(2)Theteacherstoppedandagirlatthebackoftheclassraisedherhand.举起(3)Wemustraisethelivingstandardsofthepeople.提高(4)IwantedtoraiseaquestiontothechairmanbutinamomentIlostmycourage.提出(5)Hehadtoraiseafamily.抚养[用raise，arise，rise的正确形式填空](6)Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(7)Thebookraisesmanyimportantissuesforourconsideration.(8)Thisisaproblemarisingoutofthelackofcommunication.raise，arise，rise(1)raise为及物动词，意为“提出；提高”，说明主语的动作作用于其余事物。(2)arise为不及物动词，意为“出现；发生”。(3)rise为不及物动词，意为“上升；起床；升起”，说明主语自己向更高的位置挪动。declarev．宣告；申明；表示；宣称[单句语法填空](1)Onlyamonthearlier，Mr.Stenholmhaddeclaredfor/againstthetaxcut.(2)ItwastheyearwhenBritaindeclaredwaronGermany.(3)Ithasbeendeclaredalreadythatthecontractisillegal.(4)Allthekidsdeclared(declare)somethingtheycoulddoawaywithfortheweek.declare表示“宣称；宣告”，以后的宾语可以是名词、代词，也可以是that从句，但习惯上不可以是不定式。inthelongrun从长远看[单句语法填空](1)Biggerchangesarepossibleinthelongrun.(2)Whenthepolicearrivedhemadearunforthedoor.(3)Ihadtoeatlunchontherun.ontherun在躲避，在流亡；仓促地，忙碌地makearunfor朝跑去Sometimesasmileissopowerfulthatitgivespeoplesufferingfromdisastersgreatcourage.有时，浅笑的力量会这样强盛以致于它给遇到灾害的人以巨大的勇气。句型：so...that...(1)ThereissomuchworktodothatIwon’tbeabletotakeoffthisyear.有太多的工作要做，以致于我今年没有时间度假。(2)Itwassuchbadweatherthatwestayedathomealltheday.天气这样糟糕以致于我们一整天都待在家里。(1)so...that...这样以致于，该句型的常有形式：(2)such...that...这样以致于，该句型的常有形式：当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。(4)sothat...可指引结果状语从句，也可指引目的状语从句(从句中常用can