3s技术在水利工程中的应用-遥感

RemoteSensing

遥感RemoteSensing遥感StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotograph

Photogrammetry

ParallaxConclusionsRemoteSensing遥感Structure

DefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotograph

Photogrammetry

ParallaxConclusionsDefinitionsofRemoteSensingCanbeverygeneral,e.g.“Theacquisitionofphysicaldataofanobjectwithouttouchorcontact”(LintzandSimonett,1976)“Theobservationofatargetbyadevicesomedistanceaway”(BarrettandCurtis,1982)RemoteSensing遥感DefinitionsofRemoteSensingCanbeverygeneral,e.g.“Theacquisitionofphysicaldataofanobjectwithouttouchorcontact”(LintzandSimonett,1976)“Theobservationofatargetbyadevicesomedistanceaway”(BarrettandCurtis,1982)RemoteSensing遥感DefinitionsofRemoteSensingOrmorespecific,e.g.“Theuseofelectromagneticradiationsensorstorecordimagesoftheenvironment,whichcanbeinterpretedtoyieldusefulinformation”(Curran,1985)RemoteSensing遥感DefinitionsofRemoteSensingOrmorespecific,e.g.“Theuseofelectromagneticradiationsensorstorecordimagesoftheenvironment,whichcanbeinterpretedtoyieldusefulinformation”(Curran,1985)RemoteSensing遥感DefinitionsofRemoteSensingOrmorespecific,e.g.“Theuseofsensors,normallyoperatingatwavelengthsfromthevisibletothemicrowave,tocollectinformationabouttheEarth’satmosphere,oceans,landandicesurfaces”(Harris,1987)RemoteSensing遥感DefinitionsofRemoteSensingOrmorespecific,e.g.“Theuseofsensors,normallyoperatingatwavelengthsfromthevisibletothemicrowave,tocollectinformationabouttheEarth’satmosphere,oceans,landandicesurfaces”(Harris,1987)RemoteSensing遥感RemoteSensing遥感DefinitionsofRemoteSensing遥远感知事物。不直接接触目标物，在距离地物一定距离的地方，使用遥感器接受地面物体发射或发射的电磁波信号，记录并传送到地面，经过信息处理、判读分析和野外实地验证，最终形成影象供用户使用。DefinitionsofRemoteSensingMaincharacteristicsPhysicalseparationbetweensensorandtargetMedium=electromagneticradiation(sonarisanexception)Devicetosampleandmeasureradiation(sensor)Targetistheterrestrialenvironment(atmosphere,oceans,landsurface)RemoteSensing遥感PhysicalseparationbetweensensorandtargetMedium=electromagneticradiation(sonarisanexception)Devicetosampleandmeasureradiation(sensor)Targetistheterrestrialenvironment(atmosphere,oceans,landsurface)RemoteSensing遥感StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensing

HistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotograph

Photogrammetry

ParallaxConclusionsThenaturalenvironmentis…extremelycomplexhighlyvariable(spaceandtime)complicatedfurtherbyhumanactionRemoteSensing遥感HistoryofRemoteSensingNormally,weexperienceourworldwhilelivingonitssurfacefromamoreorlesshorizontalviewpoint.But,undertheseconditionsourviewisusuallylimitedtoareasofafewsquaremilesatmostowingtoobstructionssuchasbuildings,trees,andtopography.Thetotalareaencompassedinourvistasisconsiderablyenlargedifwepeerdownwardfrom,say,atallbuildingoramountaintop.RemoteSensing遥感HistoryofRemoteSensingHistoryofRemoteSensingRemotesensingbeganwithaerialphotographyRemoteSensing遥感HistoryofRemoteSensing

Firstphotographstakenin1839RemoteSensing遥感HistoryofRemoteSensing1858GasperFelixTournachon"Nadar"takesphotographofvillageofPetitBicetreinFrancefromaballoonRemoteSensing遥感ParisbyNadar,circa1859RemoteSensing遥感BostonbyBlackandKing(1860)RemoteSensing遥感RemoteSensing遥感themostnovelplatformatthebeginningofthe20thcenturywasthefamedBavarianpigeonfleetthatoperatedinEurope.HistoryofRemoteSensingPigeonsatthereadyareshownhere,withafamed1903picturetakenofaBavariancastleRemoteSensing遥感RemoteSensing遥感HistoryofRemoteSensing1903–firstplanemadebyWrightbrothers1909–FirstphotosfromanaeroplaneWorldWarOnewasamajorimpetustodevelopmentofaerialphotographyAfterthewarthetechnologywasinplacetobeginlargescaleaerialsurveysRemoteSensing遥感TheSovietUnionsurprisedtheworldwhentheylaunchedSputnik,theworld'sfirstsatellite,onOctober4,1957Explorer-1wasthefirstsuccessfulU.S.earthsatellitelaunchedonJanuary31,1958(123daysafterSputnik-1)TIROS-1(TelevisionInfraredObservationSatellite)wasthefirstweathersatellitelaunchedonApril1,1960TIROS1pavedthewayforgenerationsofweathersatellitesExplorer-1TIROS-1RemoteSensing遥感TIROS-1versusGOES-8StarkcontrastbetweenfirstTIROSimageandthefull-colorfull-EarthimagethatGOES-8producestoday.RemoteSensing遥感RemoteSensing遥感1970年4月24日，中国第一颗人造卫星“东方红1号”成功上天，成为继苏联、美国、法国和日本之后第五个发射卫星的国家。HistoryofRemoteSensingRemoteSensing遥感1972thefirstLANDSATwaslaunchedHistoryofRemoteSensing1991thefirstterrestrialradarsatellite1986thefirstcommercialFrenchsatelliteSPOTbecameoperationalRemoteSensing遥感HistoryofRemoteSensingRemoteSensing遥感StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensing

Typesofaerialphotograph

Photogrammetry

ParallaxConclusionsTypesofaerialphotograph（空中摄影，航空摄影）

VerticalLowobliqueHighobliqueRemoteSensing遥感TypesofaerialphotographVertical

Lowoblique(nohorizon)HighobliqueRemoteSensing遥感TypesofaerialphotographVerticalLowoblique

HighobliqueRemoteSensing遥感TypesofaerialphotographVerticalismostimportantasithasminimumdistortionandcanbeusedfortakingmeasurementsRemoteSensing遥感TypesofaerialphotographFiducialmarksRemoteSensing遥感TypesofaerialphotographFiducialaxesRemoteSensing遥感TypesofaerialphotographPrincipalpointMarginalinformationRemoteSensing遥感TypesofaerialphotographAnaerialphotographmissionwillbeflowninstrips,shuttertimingsetfor60%endlap(neededforparallax)andstripsspacedfor30%sidelap(toavoidmissingbits)RemoteSensing遥感Typesofaerialphotograph

Endlap(orforelap)istheimportantbitItensureseverypointonthegroundappearsinatleasttwophotographsRemoteSensing遥感StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotograph

Photogrammetry

ParallaxConclusionsRemoteSensing遥感Photogrammetry（摄影测量）Ifyouknowfocallengthofcameraandheightofaircraft

abovethegroundyoucancalculatethescaleofthephotographRemoteSensing遥感PhotogrammetryScale=f/（H-h）f=focallength(distancefromcentreoflenstofilmsurface)RemoteSensing遥感PhotogrammetryScale=f/(H-h)H=flyingheightofaircraftabovesealevelh=heightofgroundabovesealevelRemoteSensing遥感PhotogrammetryWhenyouknowthescaleyoucantake2-Dmeasurementsfromaphotograph(e.g.horizontaldistance,horizontalarea,etc.)RemoteSensing遥感PhotogrammetryButtotake“true”measurementsonanunevensurfaceyouneedtoworkin3-DRemoteSensing遥感PhotogrammetryButtotake“true”measurementsonanunevensurfaceyouneedtoworkin3-DYoucandothisthankstoparallaxRemoteSensing遥感StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotograph

Photogrammetry

ParallaxConclusionsRemoteSensing遥感Parallax（视差）PencilisverydisplacedbecauseitisclosetoobserverChurchislessdisplacedbecauseitisfurtherawayRemoteSensing遥感RemoteSensing遥感Parallax（视差）Twofundamentalaspectso