2023年考研英语真题完整版

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑——2023年考研英语真题完整版

资料来源：中国教育在线http://./asubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.

ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractiveclientele.Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights.Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)--lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.

26.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,welearnthat________.

[A]thetownsfolkdenytheRSC’scontributiontothetown’srevenue

[B]theactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstage

[C]thetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodterms

[D]thetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourism

27.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that________.

[A]thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparately

[B]theplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthesightseers

[C]thesightseersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoers

[D]theplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheater

28.Bysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally〞(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthat________.

[A]Stratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojects

[B]Stratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficulties

[C]thetownisnotreallyshortofmoney

资料来源：中国教育在线http://./

资料来源：中国教育在线http://./[D]thetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaid

29.Accordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecause________.

[A]ticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthespending

[B]thecompanyisfinanciallyill-managed

[C]thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptable

[D]thetheatreattendanceisontherise

30.Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor________.

[A]issupportiveofbothsides

[B]favorsthetownsfolk’sview

[C]takesadetachedattitude

[D]issympathetictotheRSC

Text3

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigher

资料来源：中国教育在线http://./

资料来源：中国教育在线http://./proportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline.〞Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.

31.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat________.

[A]largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

[B]smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

[C]largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

[D]slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

32.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat________.

[A]thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

[B]thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago

[C]thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

[D]thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

33.Bysaying\

资料来源：中国教育在线http://./

资料来源：中国教育在线http://./meansthat________.

[A]fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

[B]thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

[C]themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

[D]thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate

34.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersholdthat________.

[A]peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcanworkforalongertime

[B]fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldsbelow50%ofthebiomass

[C]theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevel

[D]peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituation

35.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’________.

[A]managementefficiency

[B]biomasslevel

[C]catch-sizelimits

[D]technologicalapplication

Text4

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetual

资料来源：中国教育在线http://./

资料来源：中国教育在线http://./war,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda--tolureustoopenourwallets--theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!〞commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldinc