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高考英语一轮复习:主语从句知识点和语法填空练习题定义:在复合句中,当从句在主句中起相当于名词的作用时,这类从句就叫名词性从句。

功能:和名词一样,名词性从句通常在主句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导词:

1..连词

that\whether\if

2.连接代词

what\which\whose\who

3.连接副词

when\where\how\why

如:1)Hesaid

thathisfriend’snamewasJohnson.(宾语从句)

2)Iwonder

if\whethershewillbeabletocome.(宾语从句)

3)Doyouknow

whatlightningis?

(宾语从句)

4)

Whathetoldme

astonishedme.(主语从句)

5)Canyoutellme

whosebookitis?(宾语从句)

6)Iforgot

whenandwhereIfirstmetDick.

(宾语从句)

7)Willyoupleasetellme

howIcangettothestation?

(宾语从句)

8)Motheraskedhim

whyhehadstayedoutsolate.

(宾语从句)

9)Thequestionis

thathecan’tdriveacar.(表语从句)

10)Theidea

thatwemaygofishingtomorrowmakesallofusexcited.(同位语从句)一.主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.2.用it作形式主语的结构。(1)Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…(4)it+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2)Itissaid,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(right)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(wrong)(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)4.What与that在引导主语从句时的区别。What引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。例如:1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.二.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语。(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)例如:Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句例如:Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.2)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句例如:Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语。例如:Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语。例如:Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.That引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:Anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。4.It可以作为形式宾语。It不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如:Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth..5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词。这类动词有Allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如:Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.(right)Iadmirethattheywonthematch.(wrong)6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词。有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如:Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.(right)Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.(wrong)7.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为Think,consider,wuppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。例如:1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能。同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导。例如:1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位语在句子中的位置。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别。(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)。语法填空1.Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly____thicktheadobewalls

neededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.2.

Itrulybelieve____beautycomesfromwithin.3.

_____weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwe

feel.4.

____LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’taccept.5.

Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigate_____isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.6.

Wemustfindout____Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.7.

Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot______shipsarebuiltfor.8.

---Iwonder_____Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.

---Byworkingouteveryday.9.

Youhavetoknow_____you’regoingifyouaretoplanthebest

wayofgettingthere.10.Readingherbiography,Iwaslostinadmirationfor____Dorishadachievedinliterature.11.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork._______youcandohelps.12.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis____onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.13.Themanagerputforwardasuggestion_____weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.14.Weknowfromthesurveyoncigarettes_____warningmessagesonproductcontainersandinadscanaffectconsumptionofpotentiallydangerousproducts.15.Followingthedeclineinhousepricesinmanysmallandmedium-sizedcities,therearenowsigns_____housepricesinmajorcitiesmayalsobesetforaslide.16.TensofthousandsofpeoplemarchedtotheMartinLutherKingJr.Memorial,celebratingthe50thanniversaryofKing'sfamousspeech,throughwhichweknow_____hesaidmeanttotheblack.17.NewplansforthecollegeentranceexaminationinZhejiangare_____studentshavetobetestedonChinese,math,Englishandanotherthreesubjectsastheyprefer.18.Thereisastrongpossibility_____manwillmainlydependonsolarenergyinthefuture.19.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis_____happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.20._____thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.21._____mathematicsisoneofthemostusefulsectionsinhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.22.Thebrideandgroomgave_____attendedtheirweddingsomegiftstosharetheirhappiness.23.Icouldn'timagine_____difficultitwasforthesebadlyinjuredvictimstomakeittothehospital.24.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That's_____Iwasborn.”25.Somepeoplebelieve_____hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.答案解析1.

解析:根据题意,thePuebloIndians要弄明白墙体需要多厚来达到循环的作用。判断出是figuredout之后的句子,是宾语从句,后面句子完整,所以填how。2.

解析:根据句意:我确信美丽来自内在。beautycomesfromwithin.为宾语从句,句子完整,填that。3.解析:根据判断,该句子是个主语从句,weunderstandthings是完整句,填How。4.

解析:根据判断:____LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasborn是个主语从句,而从句是完整句,这里表示地方,填where5.

解析:根据isbelowthewatersurface.是位于动词investigate后,故是宾语从句,而从句缺主语,填what。6.

解析:我们要弄明白Karl

是什么时候来,以便我们好给他订房间。Karliscoming,是宾语从句,句子完整,所以填when7.

解析:______shipsarebuiltfor是位于is之后,所以是表语从句,而for后没有宾语,所以填what。8.解析:Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears该句子是位于动词后,是宾语从句,根据下列的回答用的是byworkingouteveryday.故填how9.

解析:you’regoing位于know之后,是宾语从句,这里表示去那里,故填where。10解析:读她的的自传,我崇拜Doris获得的文学成就。Dorishadachievedinliterature.是位于介词后,故是宾语从句缺宾语,填what;11.解析:youcando.该句是个主语从句,缺宾语,故填whatever。12.解析:onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.是is之后的表语从句,而该从句是完整句,故填that。13.解析:经理提出了一个建议及时我们应该找一个助理,因为有

太多的工作要做。该句子weshouldhaveanassistant位于名词suggestion后,而从句是个完整句,故是同位语从句,填that。14.解析:句意为:我们从关于香烟的调查了解到,在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能够影响潜在的危险产品的消费。know后的宾语从句结构完整,因此用从属连词that引导。15.解析:句意为:随着中小型城市房价的下跌,现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。sign

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