2022-2023年云南省丽江市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2022-2023年云南省丽江市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Ifourteethbleedswhilebrushing,weshould______.

2.

Cuttingdownoncaffeineisnoteasybecause______.

3.

WhichyearisthefewestinviolationoffederalsmogstandardsinLosAngeles?

A.1976B.1979C.1990D.2004

4.

Englishprofessorsareimitatingclassicalscholars,whoaremerelytheinheritorsofatraditiongrowingoutofwhatwas,700yearsago,fascinatingandurgentlyneededwork.

5.

Beforehewenttoelementaryschool,Nixonhadbecomeakeenreaderof______,______,and______.

6.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toanalyzethecurrentsituationinthejobmarket.

B.Togivesuggestionstothoselaidoffinthecrisis.

C.Togivetipsonjoblandingintheeconomicdecline.

D.Toofferadviceonhowtoavoidbeinglaidoff.

7.

Ifoneattemptstoremembereverythingratherthantorememberselectivelyduringreading,he/shemayhaveacomparativelyslowreadingrate.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.Topreventanemployee'spossiblevengefulbehaviours,Ms.Edwardsadvicestheemployerto

A.showrespectwhenlayingofftheemployee

B.restraintheemployee'sbehaviours

C.orderthesecuritytodrivetheemployeeaway

D.threatentotaketheemployeetocourt

9.

ThewithdrawingofVioxxonlyledtosomeaccusationsaboutsomeotherpainrelievers.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Abdominalpainoccurringbeforemealindicates______.

11.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Pollution:ALifeandDeathIssue

OneofthemainthemesofPlanetunderPressureisthewaymanyoftheEarth'senvironmentalcrisesreinforceoneanother.Pollutionisanobviousexample—wedonothavetheoptionofgrowingfood,orfindingenoughwater,onasqueaky-cleanplanet,butononeincreasinglytarnishedandtrashedbythewaywehaveuseditsofar.

Cuttingwasteandclearinguppollutioncostmoney.Yettimeandagainitisthequestforwealththatgeneratesmuchofthemessinthefirstplace.LivinginawaythatislessdamagingtotheEarthisnoteasy,butitisvital,becausepollutionispervasiveandoftenlife-threatening.

Air:theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthreemillionpeoplearekilledworldwidebyoutdoorairpollutionannuallyfromvehiclesandindustrialemissions,and1.6millionindoorsthroughusingsolidfuel.Mostareinpoorcountries.

Water:diseasescarriedinwaterareresponsiblefor80%ofillnessesanddeathsindevelopingcountries,killingachildeveryeightseconds.Eachyear2.1millionpeoplediefromdiarrhoeal(痢疾的)diseasesassociatedwithpoorwater.

Soil:contaminatedlandisaprobleminindustrializedcountries,whereformerfactoriesandpowerstationscanleavewastelikeheavymetalsinthesoil.Itcanalsooccurindevelopingcountries,sometimesusedfordumpingpesticides.Agriculturecanpollutelandwithpesticides,nitrate-richfertilizersandslurryfromlivestock.Andwhenthecontaminationreachesriversitdamageslifethere,andcanevencreatedeadzonesoffthecoast,asintheGulfofMexico.

ChronicProblem

Chemicalsareafrequentpollutant.WhenwethinkofchemicalcontaminationitisoftenimagesofeventslikeBhopalthatcometomind.Buttheproblemiswidespread.Onestudysays7-20%ofcancersareattributabletopoorairandpollutioninhomesandworkplaces.TheWHO,concernedaboutchemicalsthatpersistandbuildupinthebody,especiallyintheyoung,sayswemay"beconductingalarge-scaleexperimentwithchildren'shealth".

Someman-madechemicals,endocrine(内分泌)disruptorslikephthalates(酞酸盐)andnonylphenol—abreakdownproductofspermicides(杀精子剂),cosmeticsanddetergents—areblamedforcausingchangesinthegenitalsofsomeanimals.Affectedspeciesincludepolarbears—sonoteventheArcticisimmune.Andthechemicalsclimbthefoodchain,fromfishtomammals,andtous.

About70,000chemicalsareonthemarket,witharound1,500newonesappearingannually.Atleast30,000arethoughtnevertohavebeencomprehensivelytestedfortheirpossibleriskstopeople.

Atfirstglance,theplasticbucketsstackedinthecomeroftheenvironmentalNGOofficetooklikeanyothers.Butthecontainersareanunlikelyweaponinonepoorcommunity'sfightagainstoilcompanieswhichtheysayareresponsibleforwidespreadill-healthcausedbyyearsofpollution.Thevesselsareusedbyanetworkoflocalvolunteers,knownastheBucketBrigade,togatherairsamplesinneighborhoodsborderingoilrefineries,aspartofacampaigntomonitoranddocumentairpollutionwhichtheybelieveiscomingfromtheplants.

InSouthAfrica,asinmanydevelopingandnewlyindustrializedcountries,legislationonairpollutionhasfailedtokeeppacewithmushroomingindustries.Solocalresidents,likemanyinpoorcommunitiesaroundtheglobe,havefacedtheproblemofinvestigatingtheirclaimthatindustriesontheirdo

A.3millionB.1.6millionC.2.1millionD.3.2million

12.

Televisionis______theEnglishlanguage.

A.destroyingB.diffusingC.purifyingD.standardizing

13.

Realizingthepotentialbenefits,executivesareexpectingthosechangesintheworkplacewithevengreaterenthusiasm.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Emergencyoperatorscanidentifythepreciselocationofcell-phonecallersthroughGPSsystemswiththeuseof______.

15.

WhatkindofchangedidWorldWarI1bringtothetheatres?

A.Theputtingforwardofdinner.

B.Thecostumeoftheperformance.

C.Thetimeoftheperformance.

D.Therestaurantsnearlyofferdifferentfood.

16.WhatdoesMargaretHartEdwardssayaboutemployees'romanceintheoffice?

A.Itismorallywrongandmustbebanned.

B.Itposesapotentialriskforthecompany.

C.Itshouldnotbeinterferedasahumanright.

D.It'sbettertogopublicforthesakeofemployees.

17.

Theresultsofcensushavealwaysbeenthecompromiseofcertaingroupsofinterest.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

InAustraliaadisturbingtrendarisesthatyoungpersonsbetweentheageof15to24aretakingtheirownlivesatanalarmingrate.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.America'sHotSchools

Competition'sintenseandtherearescoresofcolleges.Large,small,public,private,urban,rural—what'sbestforyou?Hereareourtoppicksfortheplacesthateveryone'stalkingaboutfor2005.

Newsweek2005edition—PullaparttheNBAofastudent'sdreamschoolandyou'llfindsomanydifferentstrands.Perhapsit'sthelocation,eitherintherollingcountry-sidefarfromanythingthatresemblesasidewalk,orinthemidstofanurbanneighborhood.Itcouldbeacollege'suniqueeducationalmissionorthearrayofquirkypersonalitiesoncampus.Maybeit'stheoutstandinglabsorlibrariesortheaters,eventhefitnesscenter.All25collegesontheHotListfor2005haveonethingincommon:theyprovideanoutstandingeducation.Butwhatmakesthemhotistheirdifferencesandspecialtraits.

Althoughalltheseschoolshavedemonstratedcontinuingexcellence,variousqualitiesmademanyofthemstandoutin2004.TheIraqwar,aswellasitsaftermath,highlightedtheimportanceofwell-educatedmilitaryleadershipandsomestudentsthinkofapplyingtoAnnapolisorWestPoint.ThedebateoverEarlyDecision(ED)admissionspoliciespromptedanumberofapplicantstotryschoolslikeYaleorStanfordthathaveledtheefforttoreduceEDstressonstudents.ThecontroversyoveraffirmativeactionmotivatedotherstudentstoseekoutschoolslikeWesleyanthatcelebratediversity.

HOTTESTIVY

YaleUniversity,NewHaven,Conn.

YalepresidentRichardLevinhasbeenaleaderineffortstochangeEDadmissionspolicies,andthatisprobablyonereasontheuniversitywasatthetopofsomanyambitiousstudents'liststhisyear.Arecord19,682studentsappliedin2003,butonly1,955wereadmitted.The2004--2005seasoncouldbearepeat.UndergraduateAdmissionsDeanRichardShawsaysthenumberofcampusvisitshasincreaseddramatically—agoodindicatorofafuturespike(高峰)inapplications.Yaliessayabigattractionoftheirundergraduateexperienceistheresidential—collegesystem.Studentsliveinoneof12colleges,eachwithitsowncharacter,undertheguidanceofamasterandadean.

HOTTESTSCHOOLFORTHEARTS

JuilliardSchool,NewYork,N.Y.

Juilliardturns100inthe2005—2006academicyear,andthecurrentcropofstudentscanlookbackonanimpressivehistorywithsuchalumniasactorKevinKline,violinistItzhakPerlmanandchoreographer(芭蕾舞创作者)LarLubovitch.Tocelebrate,theschoolwillintroducenewchoreography,productionsandperformances.Thestudentorchestra,whichalreadyperformsabroad,willembarkonitsfirstdomestictour.In2003—2004,Juilliardreceived2,016applications;only152musicians,dancersandactorswereofferedthechancetoshowcasetheirtalentintheJulliardTheaterrightnexttoLincolnCenter.That'sthebestinspirationforanyaspiringstar.

HOTTTESTLIBRARY

HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,Mass.

Harvard'slibrarysystemrankswiththebestofanykindinthecountry,eventheCongress."Itcontainsthelargestcollectionofeverykindofbookandbitofinformationanyonewouldeverwant,sayslibrarydirectorSidneyVerba.Thecollectionincludesmorethan15millionvolumes,5.5millionmicroforms,6.5millionmanuscriptsand5millionotherresearchmaterialssuchasphotographs,mapsandrecordings.Evenundergraduatestakeadvantageoftheseresourcesforwritingtermpapersandseniortheses.Harvard,digitalcollectionisparticularlystrong,andabigdrawforstudentswhowantaccesstojustabouteveryonlinejournalaround.

&nb

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Acouplemaygetdivorcediftheycantestifythattheirrelationshiphasbrokendownirreparably.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(41)

22.听力原文：Ifwinningiseverything,Britishscientistshavesomeadvice:Wearred.Theirsurveyshowscompetitorsweremorelikelytowintheircontestsiftheyworereduniformsorredbodyarmor.

Acrossarangeofsports,peoplefindthatwearingredisconsistentlyassociatedwithahigherprobabilityofwinning.Redcolorationisassociatedwithaggressioninmanyanimals.Oftenitissexuallyselectedsothatscarletmarkingssignalmaledominance.

Similarly,thecolor'seffectalsomaysubconsciouslyintimidateopponentsinathleticcontests,especiallywhentheathletesareequalinskillandstrength,theresearcherssuggest.

Intheirsurvey,thescientistsanalyzedtheresultsoffourcombatsportsatthesummergames.Inthoseevents,theathleteswererandomlyassignedredprotectivegearandothersportswear.

Athleteswearingredgearwonmoreoftenin16of21roundsofcompetitioninallfourevents.

Theeffectwasthesameregardlessofweightclasses,too:19of29classeshadmoreredwinners,andonlyfourroundshadmorebluewinners.

Theredeffectalsomightcomeintoplayinteamsports.

Theyfoundthatfivefootballteamsscoredmoregoalsandwonmoreoftenwhentheyworeshirtsthatwerepredominantlyred,asopposedtoblueorwhiteshirts.

Scientistsdon'tpreciselyknowhowwearingredmightgiveathletesanadvantage.Butthecolordeliversimplicitmessagesofvigoranddanger.Whenpeoplegetangry,theirfacesturnred.It'salsoareasonwhystopsignsarered.

(33)

A.Heshouldbedressedinred.

B.Heshouldbemoreaggressive.

C.Heshouldlearnmoretoimprovetheirskillsandabilities.

D.Heshouldchangethecoloroftheirsportshirtforluck.

23.

【B11】

24.(35)

A.ItislocatedontheGulfofMexico.

B.Ithasawarmclimate.

C.Itdidn'thaveanylawsduringpiratedays.

D.ItwasundertheruleofSpain.

25.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Peopleoftenmissmealsbecausetheygetbusyoraretryingtoloseweight.Buthowyouskipmeals,andtheamountyoueatatyournextmeal,canaffectyouroverallhealth.

Inrecentmonths,(26)twonewstudiesmayhelpexplainhowskippingmealsaffectshealth.

Themorerecentstudylookedatwhathappenswhenpeopleskipmealsbutendupeatingjustasmuchastheywouldinanormaldaywhentheyfinallydositdowntoameal.Thestudy,conductedbydiabetesresearchers,involvedhealthy,normal-weightmenandwomenintheir40s.(27)Fortwomonths,thestudysubjectsatethreemealsaday.Foranothereight-weekperiod,theyskippedtwomealsbutatethesamenumberofcaloriesinoneeveningmeal,consumedbetween4p.m.and8p.m.

Theresearchersfoundthatskippingmealsduringthedayandeatingonelargemealintheeveningresultedinpotentiallyriskymetabolicchanges.Ifthemealskipperspersistedlongterm,itcouldleadtodiabetes.

Thestudywasnotablebecauseitfollowedanotherstudyearlierthisyearthatfoundthatskippingmealseveryotherdaycouldactuallyimproveapatient'shealth.Inthatstudy,overweightadultsatenormalmealsoneday.Thiswasfollowedbyadayofseverelyrestrictedeating,whentheyateabout400or500caloriesaday--theequivalentofaboutonemeal.

Afterfollowingthespecialdietingpatternfortwomonths,(28)thedieterslostanaverageof8percentoftheirbodyweight,andtheyhadlowercholesterol.

Theconclusion,saytheauthorsofthemorerecentmeal-skippingstudy,isthatskippingmealsaspartofacontrolledeatingplanthatresultsinlowercalorieintakecanresultinbetterhealth.However,skippingmealsduringthedayandthenovereatingattheeveningmealresultsinharmfulchangesinthebody.

(27)

A.Tosupportskippingmealsbygivingscientificproofs.

B.Toexplainhowskippingmealsworsenspeople'shealth.

C.Toexplainhowskippingmealshelpsimprovehealth.

D.Toexplainhowskippingmealsaffectspeople'shealth.

26.(28)

A.Theybumpedintoeachotheroveraswimmingpool.

B.Theyavoidedeachotherbyturningindifferentdirections.

C.Theynarrowlyescapedcrashingintoeachother.

D.Oneplaneclimbedabovetheotheratthecriticalmoment.

27.听力原文：M：Sorryaboutyourreport．Ididn'trealizeitwasinthatstackofpapers．

W：Don'tworryaboutit.LuckilyIsavedacopyonmycomputer．

Q：Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Themanfeltsorrytoreadherreport.

B.Themanhasdestroyedherreportbymistake.

C.Thewomanhasprintedherreportonthepaper.

D.Thewomanhasfinishedherreportoncomputer.

28.

【B10】

29.(29)

A.Theinterviewusuallylastabouthalfanhour.

B.Yourappearanceandyourcommunicationskillscountapproximatelythesameduringtheinterview.

C.Youarerequestedtosubmitallyourbackgroundinformationduringtheinterview.

D.Employerscompareyourinformationwiththatofotherapplicantsbeforetheinterview.

30.(18)

A.FredlikesthebeautifulsceneryalongthewaytoCanada.

B.FredusuallyfliestoCanadawithJane.

C.FredpersuadedJanetochangehermind.

D.FredisplanningatriptoCanada.

31.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Mr.Peterson,howdoyoudecidewhatgradeweget?

M:Allofyourcourseworkisimportant,includingeverythingfromattendanceandhomeworktoyourentiretestresultsforthesemester.

Q:What'stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(12)

A.Bossandsecretary.

B.Landlordandtenant.

C.Professorandstudent.

D.Bankclerkandcustomer.

32.

【B8】

33.听力原文：IwillneverforgetthegreetingthatmyfamilyreceivedinIraninthespringof1986.Myfather,Iranianbybirth,tookmymother,anativeWashingtonian,mytwobrothersandme,agedtwo,four,andfiverespectively,toliveinTehranwherehehadjustacceptedemployment.ShowersofhugsandkissesdescendeduponusfromrelativeswhomIhadnevermet.

DuringourtimeinIran,wespentagreatdealoftimewithourrelativesandfriends.ThefamilyunitformsasignificantpartofIranlife,perhapsbecausethereweresofewmaterialpossessionsformostofthem.Throughmyrelatives,Iexperiencedoverwhelmingaffection,truecaring,andunceasinggenerosity.Althoughtheirhousesweresmallandtheirworkwasburdensome,therewasalwaystimetoprepareenormousmealsandthespacetomakealltheirrelativescomfortable.Tothemnothingwasmoreimportantthanbeingsurroundedbythepeopletheylovedandwholovedthem.BecauseofmyyouthinIran,asayoungwomanabouttoleavehometogotocollegeIcannowappreciatethesupportsystemwithwhichmyfamilyhasprovidedme.Theyhavegivenmeconfidenceandstability.Ihavelearnedtocherishtheirpresenceandthelovethattheyhavealwaysgivenme.IrantaughtmetobethankfulforwhatIam,andnotforwhatIhave.ThatjoyfulandfatalisticacceptanceofwhateverlifeholdswhichIfoundinIranhasshapedmeintothepersonIamtoday.TheIranianpeople,theirunqualifiedandunselfishgenerosity,theiroptimism,andtheirjoyforlifewillalwaysremainapartofme.Iwillneverforgetmyeightyearsinmyfather'scountry,whichwillalwaysbemineaswell.

(33)

A.Attheageoftwo.

B.Attheageoffour.

C.Attheageoffive.

D.Attheageofeight.

34.(32)

A.Agricultureintheindustrializedworld.

B.Cultivatedcrops.

C.Theassociationbetweenrosesandhumans.

D.Thediscoveriesofcertaingrasses.

35.(21)

A.Physicalexam—psychologicaltest—liedetectortest—backgroundcheck.

B.Physicalexam—liedetectortest—psychologicaltest—backgroundcheck.

C.Physicalexam—psychologicaltest—backgroundcheck—liedetectortest.

D.Physicalexam—liedetectortest—backgroundcheck—psychologicaltest.

36.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Areyouafraidtoraiseyourhandinclassevenwhenyouknowtheanswer?Ifyouare,mostpeoplewouldsaythatyouareshy.Youareamongquitealotwhofeelshy.Itisestimatedthatnineoutoftenareatleastalittleshy.Buthowevershyyouare,scientificevidenceseemstoshowthatitisn'tyourfault.Youmayhavebeenbornthatway.Howdopsychologistsmeasureshyness?Onewayisbyobservation.Theykeepdetailedrecordsofpeople'sactions,likehowoftenthesepeoplespeaktoothersorhowlongittakessomeonetosayhellotoastranger.Anotherwaytomeasureshynessistoaskpeoplequestions.Thetestonlytakesabout10minutes.Itasksquestionslike:"Doyoulikegoingoutalot?"and"Doyouhavemanyfriends?"Peoplemustanswereitheryesorno.Thesequestionscanpredicthowpeopleactuallybehaveinsocialsituations.Supposethetesttellsyouthatsomeoneisshy,chancesaregoodthatthepersonwillactshy.Whenscientistsmeasureshyness,theyarereallycomparingdegreesofshyness.Inotherwords,whenresearcherssaypeopleareshy,theyreallymeantheyaremoreshythanothers.

(27)

A.Becausemanypeopledon'tknowhowtobehaveinsocialsituation.

B.Becausemostpeopleareshybynature.

C.Nobodywilllaughatyouforbeingshy.

D.Shynessisdifficulttoovercome.

37.(31)

A.Theyaremoreconvenient.

B.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessible.

C.Theyaremoreenergy-efficient.

D.Theytakeuplessfloorarea.

38.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Peterhasbeenworkingfivepart-timejobssincehestartedcollege．Hewasworkingalldayyesterday．Idon'tseehowhedoesit．

M:Yeah…meeither．Hewentbacktohisdormitory10p.m.Idon'tseehowanyonecankeepupthispaceoflife.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(12)

A.Peterisverybusy.

B.Peterworksfast.

C.Peterworkshard.

D.Peterisbehindinstudy.

39.(34)

A.Amessagefromtheoutsideworld.

B.Asymbolofmisfortune.

C.Awarningfromthegods.

D.Agiftfromthegods.

40.(24)

A.Watchherpartnerplayingcards.

B.Playcardsincooperationwithherpartner.

C.Quitthegameandgoaway.

D.Teachthemanhowtoplaybridge.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Anofficialcommissionexaminedthehorseandconfirmed______.

42.

Scorpionsinjectedwithprostaglandinsmovetohotareasto______.

A.engageingreateractivity

B.seekoutamore-ironenvironment

C.demonstratethattheyareill

D.developafeverandfightbacterialinfections

43.

TheauthorinthepassageusesthefollowingdevicesinhiswritingEXCEPT______.

A.questionsB.narrativeC.analogyD.comment

44.

Theinvestigatorsseriouslycondemnedthedrugfirmsfor

A.theydonotlettheiropponentstoresorttothecourt

B.theyuseclustersofpatentstoprotecttheirproduct

C.theybribethecheapergenericopponents

D.theydonotpassonthesavingsmadebyuseofgenericdrugs

45.

【C4】

46.

Nameofthehusbandorwifeisregardedas______bytheauthor.

47.

AccordingtoM.HarveryBrenner'sresearch,ifthereis1%increaseintheunemploymentrate,howmanypeoplewilldiefromcirrhosisoftheliver?

A.37,000.B.20,000.C.900.D.500.

48.

Theessentialfunctionofphotosynthesisintermsofplantneedsis______.

A.toderiveenergyfromlight

B.topreservewater

C.tocombinecarbondioxidewithwater

D.toform.sugars

49.

Whatcanbeinferredaboutopera?

A.Itrequiresformaltraining.

B.Itisoftenenjoyedbythosewithstronganalyticalability.

C.Itisdislikedbyblacks.

D.Itismoredifficulttolearnthanclassicalmusic.

50.

Thestorywassetprimarilyin______.

A.KlondikeinCanada

B.afarminCalifornia

C.theYukon

D.thewildinCalifornia

51.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Itiscurioushowmuchonedespisesandcondemnstheviceswhichonedoesnothappentopossess.Iamindeednotasevereman,norwouldIpermitmyselftobecomeintolerantofthosefailingswhichIsharewithothers.But,havingnoparticulartemptationtobeuntruthful,Ifindmyselfbelievingthatwhenonecomestothinkofit,truthisthemajorvirtueandlyingthemostblameworthyofallthevices.Ishouldlike,therefore,togetmymindalittlecleareronthetruthquestion.Iflattermyself,asIhavesaid,thatIamatruthfulman:amanwho,whenhetellsalie,iscarefulnottoforgetthathehasdoneso,andwhotakesinfiniteprecautionstopreventhisbeingfoundout.This,intheend,istheonlytestbywhichyoucandistinguishtheliarfromthemanoftruth.Thelatterwhoisbotheredbyuntruthfulness,isworriedandanxious.Therealliar,however,ismerelyamused:hedoesn'tmindintheleastevenifheissubsequentlyexposed:heregardsthetruthfulmanassomewhatofafool.

Butthissurelyisoneofthemanyfalsestatementswithwhichtherealliarwilltryhardtoidealizehisfailing.Itmaybeinevitableandevenjusttotelllies,butitcannotseriouslybearguedthatsuchhabitsareintelligent.Alieisalwaysanactofmentalcowardice(胆小),whereasintelligenceisbrave.AndyettherewasBismarck,andyettherewasNapoleon—surelyintelligentman,andsurelyliars.Theproblem,therefore,isnotsosimpleasitseems.

Itwassimpleenough,inthoseolddays,todefinewithapproximateaccuracywhenagivenstatementceasedtobethetruthandbecamealie.Theessentialtestwaswhetherthemakerofafalsestatementknewthathewassayingsomethingfalse,andconsciouslywishedhisaudiencetoaccept,andtoremainunder,thisfalseimpression.Lifeincivilizedcommunitiesisaprocessofadjustingthepersonaltothesocial,ofconformingtheindividualimpressiontothejointimpressionsofthecommonpeople.Thisprocessofadjustmentleadsinevitablyandrightlytoacertainunconsciousdeception.Absolutetruth,whetherunconsciousorevenconscious,isthusimpossible.Itistorelativetruthonlythatwecanhopetoaspire.

Theauthorclaimsthatlyingisaseriousviceandshouldbe______.

52.

Accordingtothepassage,individualswithastrongdrivetosucceedwill______.

53.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutpsychologicalfatigue?

A.Psychologicalfatiguehappenstothoseinvolvedinwar.

B.Restistheonlysolutionforpsychologicalfatigue.

C.Physicallyhealthypeopledonotsufferfrompsychologicalfatigue.

D.Physicallaborcangetsomepeopleoutofpsychologicalfatigue.

54.Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes______.

A.weremoreenthusiasticaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.over-dependentonlaborsavingdevices

D.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

55.

Theauthorbelievesthatweshouldpay______.

A.littleattentiontoappliedsubjects

B.dueattentiontothepublicinterestinfree,sharedknowledge

C.moreattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofourcustomers

D.considerableattentiontothecommercialinterestinthesecrecyofresearchresults

56.

【C10】

57.

Wecansafelyconcludethattheauthor______.

A.objectstoexcessivedrink

B.neverdrinks

C.isveryfondofalcohol

D.hadquitteddrinkingwhenhewrotethispassage

58.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcomplete