高考英语近十年全国卷短文改错题之名词和代词考点

高考英语近十年全国卷短文改错题之名词和代词考点01名词考点考情分析一、近十年高考英语全国卷短文改错题名词考点分类汇总1可数名词该用复数形式误用为单数1.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.答案与解析：player→players。all修饰可数名词复数。2.(2019全国卷II)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.答案与解析：job→jobs。different修饰可数名词复数。3.(2019全国卷Ⅲ)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.答案与解析：city→cities。many修饰可数名词复数。4.(2018全国卷Ⅰ)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.答案与解析：chicken→chickens。dozensof（许多）修饰可数名词复数，这里chicken是可数名词，意思是“小鸡”。5.(2018全国卷II)Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.答案与解析：sort→sorts。all修饰可数名词复数。6.(2018全国卷Ⅲ)AtthatmomentIrememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeslearningfromtextbooks,andmistakeaswell.”答案与解析：mistake→mistakes。learningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell“从课本中学习，也从错误中学习”，textbooks和mistakes都用复数名词表示类别。7.(2017全国卷Ⅰ)Thisinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”答案与解析：word→words。用复数形式words与后面的“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”是同位关系。8.(2016全国卷Ⅲ)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.答案与解析：year→years。from13to19的年龄当然是复数。9.(2015全国卷Ⅱ)Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.答案与解析：parent→parents。从下文Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.以及Fiveminuteslater,Tomsawhisparents.可以看出Tony是和父母一起去购物中心的,故用parents。10.(2014全国卷Ⅰ)Sincethen,foralltheseyear—wehavebeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.答案与解析：year→years。all和these都修饰可数名词的复数。11.(2014全国卷Ⅱ)Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.答案与解析：hour→hours。oneandahalf后跟可数名词复数。oneandahalfhours=one/anhourandahalf一个半小时。12.(2013全国卷Ⅰ)Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktograyovertheyears.答案与解析：shoulder→shoulders。一个人有两个肩膀，故用shoulders。13.(2013全国卷Ⅱ)WhenteagotpopularinBritain,therewasacryingneedforgoodcupwithhandlestosuitBritishhabits.答案与解析：cup→cups。由后面的handles可知此处用复数形式cups泛指类别。14.(2012全国卷Ⅰ)FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.答案与解析：toy→toys。eachof后跟可数名词的复数。15.(2012全国卷Ⅱ)We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwaterandneitheragriculturenorindustrycangowithoutit.答案与解析：animal→animals。用复数名词泛指类别。16.(2011全国卷Ⅱ)Mybrotherwassofondofthemuseumtherethathebeggedmyparentstostayanothercoupleofday.答案与解析：day→days。a/anothercoupleof后跟可数名词的复数。17.(2010全国卷Ⅱ)Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.答案与解析：friend→friends。oneof后跟可数名词复数。18.(2010全国卷Ⅱ)Thanktoherhelp,Imadegreatprogressinmystudy.答案与解析：Thank→Thanks。thanksto（多亏了），是固定搭配。2不可数名词误用成复数形式1.(2017全国卷II)Besides,TheyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.答案与解析：informations→rmation是不可数名词，无复数形式。2.(2016全国卷II)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.答案与解析：knowledges→knowledge。knowledge是不可数名词，无复数形式。3.(2015全国卷Ⅰ)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdrieranddrier.答案与解析：airs→air。air(空气）是不可数名词，无复数形式。4.(2011全国卷Ⅰ)Ifeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.答案与解析：luggages→luggage。luggage（行李）是不可数名词，无复数形式。5.(2010全国卷Ⅰ)Heagreedtoreadmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.答案与解析：advices→advice。advice（建议）是不可数名词，无复数形式。3名词的普通格和所有格误用该用普通格时，误用了所有格，该用所有格时，却误用了普通格。1.(2018全国卷II)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.答案与解析：Friday’s→Friday。表示时间的名词可直接做定语。2.(2011全国卷Ⅰ)WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.答案与解析：friend→friend’s。myfriend’s我朋友的家。4该用名词时，误用成形容词或动词1.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)Toeveryone’ssurprising,theballwentintothenet.答案与解析：surprising→surprise。toone’s+名词（表示情感），意为“使某人……的是”。surprisingadj.令人惊奇的；surprisen.吃惊，惊奇（喜）。2.(2016全国卷Ⅰ)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.答案与解析：honest→honesty。句意“我叔叔告诉我说成功的关键是诚实。这个句子中要用名词作表语，说明主语是什么。honestadj.诚实的；honestyn.诚实。3.(2013全国卷Ⅱ)Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.答案与解析：grow→growth。作介词for的宾语，并且前面有定冠词，因此这里应该用名词growth。二、近十年高考英语全国卷短文改错题名词考点考情分析高考英语短文改错名词错误主要是可数名词的复数误用为单数，不可数名词误用为复数形式，也有个别时候把形容词或动词误用为名词的。名词部分关于可数名词的常考点是：these,those,some,any,many,several,different,both,all,lotsof,dozensof,scoresof,few,afew,quiteafew,apairof,acoupleof,each/one/some/manyof,oneandahalf等后面必须跟可数名词的复数。常见的复数名词有：looks“外貌”，goods“货物”，thanks“感谢”，wishes/regards“祝愿“，congratulations“祝贺”，clothes“衣服”。下列固定搭配中常用复数可数名词：attimes“偶尔”，beongoodtermswithsb.“与某人关系好”，inhighspirits“情绪高涨”，inwords“口头上”，makearrangements“安排”，makerepairs“修理”，makefriendswithsb.“与某人交朋友“，makepreparationsfor“为……做准备”，shakehandswithsb.“与某人握手”，taketurnstodosth.“轮流做某事”，thanksto“多亏了”，Thanksalot.“多谢”。常考的不可数名词——人称“雷打不动十大金刚”：advice,news,information,progress,work,fun,weather,music,health,luck。可以直接作定语的名词：1.泛指的时间名词，如eveningdress,summerholiday,morningpaper等。2.地点名词，如countrymusic,villagepeople,streetlights等。3.材料名词，如papermoney,goldmedal,silkclothes等。4.分类名词，如girlfriend,boyfriend,bookstore,fruittrees,foodfactory等。5.表示整体与部分之间关系的名词，如schoolgate，cabbageseeds等。要明确名词的语法功能，即什么时候要用名词：在限定词后、形容词后、及物动词或介词后要使用名词。弄清名词作表语和形容词作表语的区别：名词作表语表示主语是什么，即内容；形容词作表语表示主语怎么样，即性质特征。02代词考点考情分析一、近十年高考英语短文改错题代词考点分类汇总1人称代词误用人称1.(2018全国卷II)Theywouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegameswiththemsometimes.答案与解析：us→me。结合上下文应该是他们对“我”说。2.(2012全国卷Ⅰ)Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingswentwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.答案与解析：it→them。这里代指toys，故用them。3.(2012全国卷Ⅱ)Manycountriesintheworldfindwedon’thaveenoughwater.答案与解析：we→they。这里代指manycountries，故用they。4.(2011全国卷Ⅱ)Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidingusforthewonderfulmeals.答案与解析：them→us。句意为“多谢你领我们参观了你们城市，并为我们提供美餐”，故用us。5.(2010全国卷Ⅱ)Beforeherleaving,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.答案与解析：him→her。代词指代要一致，句意为“在她离开前，我为她准备了礼物，向她表达美好的祝愿”。2物主代词误用人称1.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.答案与解析：your→my。本句的错误是代词指代不一致，句意为“这幅画常常使我回想起高中的快乐”。2.(2016全国卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteadily.答案与解析：our→his。本句的错误是代词指代不一致，句意为“叔叔说他从没梦想暴富，而是希望他的生意稳步发展”。3.(2016全国卷II)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.答案与解析：your→our。本句的错误是代词指代不一致，句意为“如果我们能到国外旅行，我们就能开阔视野，得到在书本上学不到的东西”。4.(2015全国卷Ⅰ)Wemustfindwaystoprotectyourenvironment.答案与解析：your→our。本句的错误是代词指代不一致，句意为“我们必须找到保护环境的办法”，这里指保护我们的环境。3反身代词误用人称1.(2019全国卷Ⅲ)Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.答案与解析：yourself→themselves。customers是第三人称复数，故反身代词用themselves。2.(2018全国卷Ⅲ)Ihaddonemyselfhomework,butIwasshy.答案与解析：myself→my。此处应该用形容词性的物主代词作定语，修饰homework。3.(2016全国卷Ⅲ)Atfirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.答案与解析：yourself→myself。此句中反身代词时强调主语本人，主语是第一人称单数I，故用myself。4.(2013全国卷Ⅰ)Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown,andhewasstrongandpowerful.答案与解析：himself→him。本句中which代指先行词voice，在定语从句中作主语，set的宾语是him，不能用反身代词。4不定代词之间的误用1.(2018全国卷Ⅰ)ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducksandanotheranimals.答案与解析：another→other。与dogs,ducks并列的animals必须是复数，another不能修饰复数名词，故改为other。2.(2017全国卷II)Mr.AndMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.答案与解析：all→both。张先生和张太太是两个人，表示两个都用both。3.(2016全国卷II)Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.答案与解析：many→much。表示花费多，代指不可数名词钱数，用much。4.(2015全国卷Ⅰ)Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.答案与解析：Much→Many。修饰可数名词的复数animals，故用many。5.(2014全国卷Ⅰ)Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtasty.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.答案与解析：much→many。这里代指前面的复数名词fruits，故用many。6.(2014全国卷Ⅱ)Wedon’tneedtodosomanyhomework.答案与解析：many→much。修饰不可数名词homework，故用much。5连接代词和关系代词的误用1.(2019全国卷Ⅲ)Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.答案与解析：what→that/which。此处应该用关系代词引导限制性定语从句从，关系代词在定语从句中作主语。2.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.答案与解析：they→which/that。句意为“在这张照片中，我周围都是当时对我来说非常重要的东西：汽车杂志和乐器”。根据句意，先行词things后面跟的是定语从句，应该用关系代词引导。3.(2013全国卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.答案与解析：that→which。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，故改为关系代词which。4.(2012全国卷Ⅰ)Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.答案与解析：which→what。句意为“不久他们就开始去看在发生什么事情”，未知的、无范围的东西，一律用连接代词what来引导名词性从句。6Therebe句型中There误用为人称代词主格1.(2019全国卷II)Theyweretworeasonsforthedecision.答案与解析：They→There。表示有没有，要用存在句，也就是therebe句型。2.(2014全国卷Ⅱ)Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.答案与解析：They→There。表示有没有，要用存在句，也就是therebe句型。7多一代词1.(2019全国卷I)Fromthenon,Istudiedtoplaymyfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.答案与解析：去掉my。playfootball踢足球，是固定短语。2.(2018全国卷III)Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.答案与解析：删除that。这里是动词不定式短语作系表结构的宾语，不需要连接词。8少一代词1.(2016全国卷Ⅲ)AtlastIwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowhenevermeedhelp.答案与解析：need前加I。whenever应到的状语从句缺少主语，根据上下文可知“每当我需要帮助时，我仍然希望有父母