全国英语等级考试PETS五阅读真题

Word第第页全国英语等级考试PETS五阅读真题SECTIONIIIReadingComprehension

(50minutes)

PartA

ReadthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichaccompanythembychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

Text1

Englandsbinge-drinkinghabitisoneofthemostentrenchedinEurope--evenRomaninvad-erswroteaboutitwithhorror.Manyfearedthatthehabitwouldworsenaftertherelaxationoflicen-singhourslastNovember.Doctors,academicsandnewspaperswerejoinedinoppositionbythepo-liceandjudges,whowarnedthatthereformswereclosetolunacy.ThegovernmentdisagreedandabolishedarestrictiveregimefirstimposedduringtheFirstWorldWarbyDavidLloydGeorge,theprimeminister,whowantedtopreventmunitionsworkersfromgettingtoodrunk.

WhileministersneverdeniedthatBritonshadanunhealthyattitudetoliquor,theyarguedthatmuchofthecrimeanddisorderthatblightedcitystreetsatnightwascausedbyhordesofdrunkardsrollingoutofpubsandclubsatthesametimeandfightingforthesametaxihome.TheycitedthewartimeexperienceinAustralia,whereanearlyclosingtimehadledtoaphenomenondubbedthesixoclocksswill,inwhichpeopledrankthemselvessillyagainsttheclock.Thehopewasthat,oncehourswererelaxed,Britonswouldadoptmorecivilised,continentalhabits,sippingdelicatelyatglassesofChablisratherthandowningtenpints.Weretheoptimistsorthepessimistsright?

Sincethelawwaschanged,aroundtwo-thirdsoflicensedpremiseshaveextendedtheiropen-ingtimes,mostbyanhourorso.(Fewerthan1percentweregranteda24-hourlicence.)Thatsmoothedthe]lp.m.and2a.m.chuck-outpeaksandfilledinsomeofthetroughs.Localauthori-tiesinseverallarge,livelycities,includingBirmingham,NottinghamandManchester,reportthatthestreetsarenomoredisorderlythanbefore.OnepopulardrinkersstreetinBirminghamhasseenadramaticdropincrime(althoughthatmayalsobebecausebusinesses,fearingtheworst,paidforstreetwardens).InLondon,moststrikingly,therehasnotbeenasinglemonthsincethedrinkinglawswererelaxedwhenmoreviolentcrimeswererecordedthaninthesamemonthayearearlier.ThatisalsotrueinWestminster,wheremanyofthecapitalspubsandclubsareclustered.Overalllevelsofviolenceintheboroughhavefallenby12percentinthetenmonthssinceNovember2023,comparedwiththesameperiodayearbefore.

Thepoliceremaincautiousaboutsuchpositivesigns,sayingitisstilltooearlytotellwhateffectliberalisationwillhaveoncrime.Theypointoutthatlocalforceshavedivertedtimeandmoneytopolicelate-nightdrinking,andhavebeengivenextracashbythegovernment.ThatwillrunoutonChristmasEve,atwhichpointthingsmaybecometrickier.

Inthemeantime,pessimistsaremarshallingnew,moreambitiousarguments.MartinPlantoftheUniversityoftheWestofEnglandmaintainsthatfreerdrinkingcanleadtolong-termproblemsthatarenotimmediatelyapparent.Icelandscapital,Reykjavik,softeneddrinkinglawssevenyearsago.Whilepolicingbecameeasier,moredrunkardspitchedupathospitalanddrink-drivingratessoared.

51.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat

A.theEnglishindulgenceinalcoholevenhorrifiedRomaninvaders.

B.thepoliceandjudgeswereinfavoroftherelaxationoflicensinghours.

C.thegovernmentdidawaywithalawregulatingdrinkinghourslastyear.

D.WorldWarIfirstsawtheimplementationofthelawregulatingdrinkinghours.

52.Whydidthegovernmentwanttoreformthedrinking-hourrestrictions?

A.TofollowtheexampleofAustralia.

B.TochangeBritonsattitudetoalcohol.

C.Toreducetheamountofalcoholconsumed.

D.Toreducecrimeratescausedbydrinking.53.Whathappensnowinbigcities?

A.Hordesofdrunkardsfloodoutofpubsatllp.m.and2a.m.

B.Morelicensesaregrantedtopubsandclubs.

C.Therearefewercriminaloffencesrelatedtodrinking.

D.ThingsaredifferentinLondonfromotherbigcities.

54.Thepoliceholdtheviewthat

A.thechangesareduetomorepoliceeffortsratherthanthereform.

B.extensionofdrinkinghourshasproducedanegativeoutcome.

C.thegovernmentobscuresthetruthbyprovidingextramoney.

D.thesuccessofthereformcanonlybeguaranteedwithmoregovernmentinput.

55.Thosewhodonotseeagoodprospectofthedrinkingreform

A.aretryingtofindmoreeffectivesolutions.

B.areconvincedthatthereformwillleadtomoreviolentcrimes.

C.believethatthereshouldbeadequatemedicalserviceforthedrunkards.

D.believethatsofteneddrinkinglawsmayproducenegativelong-termeffects.

Text2

ThebestestimateofhumanitysecologicalfootprintsuggeststhatitnowexceedstheEarthsre-generativecapacitybyaround20percent.ThisfactismentionedearlyoninthelatestbookfromLesterR.Brown.ThesubtitleofPlanB2.0makestheboldclaimofrescuingaplanetunderstressandacivilizationintrouble.SowillBrownsPlanBwork?

Thegreenmovementdividesbroadlyintotwocampstechnologicaloptimistsandsocialrevolu-tionaries.ForeverypersonlikeBrownproposingnewwaystoproduceprotein,thereisanindige-nousmovementinadevelopingcountrystrugglingforlandredistribution.Anotherdivideisbe-tweenthosewhoseethebiggestenvironmentalproblemaspopulationpressureinthedevelopingSouth,andthosewhosayitisconsumptionpatternsintherichNorth.Whenpushcomestoshove,Brownqualifiesasatechnologicaloptimistwhoisworriedaboutpopulation.Thegiveawayishiseulogytogreentechno-fixes,coupledwiththefearoffast-growingdevelopingcountriescopyingWesternconsumerlifestyles.

Hisoptimism,though,appearsforcedasherollsoutadepressinglitanyofstatisticsdescribingspeciesextinction,watershortage,economicupheavalresultingfromtheeventualdeclineofoilproductionand,ofcourse,climatechange.Andhisrescueplans?ShoehornedintoBrownsbookisasectionheadedEradicatingpoverty,stabilizingpopulation.Thisreliesheavilyontheorthodoxapproachtohumandevelopmentthatseekstouseaidtoplugtheincomegapforpoorcountries.EnumeratingthecostsofattainingtheUnitedNationsMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsonhealth,educationandpovertyreduction,Brownconveysasensethatafewnewfiscalmeasures,combinedwiththegoodwillofrichcountries,willdeliver.Thisisanapproachthathasbeenfollowedforthelastthreedecades,andithasnotworked.Duringthe1990s,theshareofbenefitsfromglobaleco-nomicgrowthreachingthoselivingonlessthanadollaradayfellby73percent,inspiteofcount-lessp——omisestoendpoverty.ThisistheproblemwithPlanB2.0.

Brownspictureofclimate-change-inducedchaosisterrifyingandconvincing.Itincludestheawfulimageoftheworldspoorestpeoplecompetingforfoodwithanever-hungrierbio-fuelsindus-try,whosejobwillbetokeepthedevelopedworldsSUVsontheroadasoilbecomesevermoreexpensiveandthenrunsout.Thecombinationofindustrialinertiaandtheinfluenceofindustryonlobbyistsismakingthisvisionincreasinglyplausible.Thepoorgetabaddealbecausetheworldisrunbytheeconomicequivalentofgunboatdiplomacy,astherecentWorldTracieOrganizationtalksshowed.

Technologicallyoptimisticvisionsoftenhavetoomuchfaiththatchangewillflowfromaration-aldiscussionaboutsensiblepolicies,whiletiptoeingaroundtherealproblemsofpowerandpolitics.EvenwithBrownsPlanBtotelluswhichrenewableenergytechnologiestouseandwhichresilientfoodcropstogrow,wearegoingtoneedawaytodealwitheconomicvestedinterestsandthedemo-craticdeficitinglobalfinancialinstitutionsthatexcludesthepoor.Forthat,weneedPlanC.

56.WhatistheissuethatBrowntriestoaddressinhisnewlypublishedbook?

[A]Thewordspopulationhasincreasedby20percent.

B.Humanactivitieshavegonebeyondwhattheearthisabletosustain.

C.Humanbeingshavedevelopedinacertainecologicalpattern.

D.Thegreenmovementhasfailedtoproduceneededenvironmentalchanges.57.Brownbelievesthatthespreadofconsumerismtolessdevelopedcountrieshas

A.ledtolandshortageandredistribution.

B.narroweddownthedifferenceinlifestyle.

C.contributedtoenvironmentaldeterioration.

D.increasedhigh-proteinfoodconsumption.

58.TalkingaboutBrownsdismalpictureofenvironmentaldegradation,theauthorthinksthat

A.hisoptimismdoesnotseemtobewell-grounded.

B.toomanydepressingstatisticswerelistedinhisbook.

C.hisdescriptionoftheenvironmentalproblemslacksafocus.

D.heistryingtoforcehisoptimismonthereaders.

59.Thephrasegunboatdiplomacy(line6,para.4)means

A.todealwithindustrialrelationsintheautomobilesectorbywayoflobbying.B.tothreatentouseforcetomakeasmallercountryagreetoyourdemand.

C.tonegotiatewithintheWTOframeworkindealingwithbilateralrelations.A.Becausenewsensiblepoliciesmaybringaboutpositivechanges.

B.Becausethegapbetweentherichandpoorshouldbenarrowed.

C.Becausenewtechnologiesandcropscanbeintroducedunderthisplan.

D.Becausethecoreproblemsofinternationalpoliticsshouldbeaddressedfirst.

Text3

Theaveragepersonseestensofthousandsofimagesaday--imagesontelevision,innews-papersandmagazines,andonthesidesofbuses.ImagesalsogracesodacansandT-shirts,andIn-ternetsearchenginescaninstantlyprocureimagesforanywordyoutype.OnF,aphoto-sharingWebsite,youcantypeinawordsuchasloveandfindphotosofcouplesinembraceorparentshuggingtheirchildren.Typeinterror,andamongtheresultsisaphotographoftheWorldTradeCentertowersburning.Rememberwhenthiswasashockingimage?askstheper-sonwhopostedthepicture.

Thequestionisnotmerelyrhetorical.Itpointstosomethingimportantaboutimagesinourcul-ture:theyhavebecomelessmagicalandlessshocking.Untilthedevelopmentofmassreproduc-tion,imagescarriedmorepowerandevokedmorefear.

Today,anyonewithadigitalcameraandaPCcanproduceandalteranimage.Asaresult,thepoweroftheimagehasbeendilutedinonesense,butstrengthenedinanother.Ithasbeendilu-tedbytheubiquityofimagesandthemanypopulisttechnologies(likeinexpensivecamerasandpicture-editingsoftware)thatgive,almosteveryonethepowertocreate,distort,andtransmitima-ges.Butithasbeenstrengthenedbythegradualsurrenderoftheprintedwordtopictures.Textce-dedtoimagemightbelikenedtoanarticulatepersonbeingrenderedmute,forcedtocommunicateviagestureandexpressionratherthanlanguage.

Weloveimagesandthedemocratizingpoweroftechnologiesthatgiveusthecapabilitytomakeandmanipulateimages.Whatwearelesseagertoconsiderarethebroaderculturaleffectsofasocietydevotedtotheimage.Historiansandanthropologistshaveexploredthestoryofmankindsmovementfromanoral-basedculturetoawrittenculture,andlatertoaprintedone.Butinthepastseveraldecadeswehavebeguntomovefromaculturebasedontheprintedwordtoonebasedlargelyonimages.

Inmakingimagesratherthantextsourguide,areweopeningupnewvistasforunderstandingandexpression,creatinganewformofcommunicationthatisbetterthanprint,assomescholarshaveargued?Orarewemerelymakingapeculiarandunwelcomereturntoformsofcommunica-tiononceascendantinpreliteratesocieties?

Twothingsinparticularareatstakeinourcontemporaryconfrontationwithanimage-basedculture.First,technologyhasconsiderablyunderminedourabilitytotrustwhatwesee,yetwehavenotadequatelygrappledwiththeeffectsofthisonournotionsoftruth.Second,ifwearein-deedmovingfromtheeraoftheprintedwordtoaneradominatedbytheimage,whatimpactwillthishaveon.culture?Willwebecometooeasilyaccustomedtoverisimilarratherthantruethings,preferringappearancetorealityandintheprocessrejectingthedemandsofdisciplineandpatiencethattruethingsoftenrequireofusifwearetounderstandtheirmeaninganddescribeitwithpreci-sion?

61.Thefirstparagraphofthetexttellsusthat

A.weareexposedtoamultitudeofimageseveryday.

B.consumergoodswithimageslookmoregraceful.

C.theInternetcaninstantlypresentimagesofanythingwewanttobuy.

D.Internetsearchenginesgiveusundesiredandshockingimages.

62.Withthedevelopmentofmassreproduction,images

A.havebecomele,ssimportantinpopularculture.

B.arenotasimpressiveastheyweretoviewers.

C.willbemoremagicalandshockinginthefuture.

D.willbecomemoreandmorethought-provoking.

63.Thepoweroftheimagehasbeenstrengthenedinthesensethat

A.populisttechnologiesenablealmosteverybodytomanipulateimages.

B.imageshavegraduallywonpopularityamongcommonpeople.

C.imagesareforcingustocommunicateviagesturesratherthanlanguage.

D.withpopulisttechnologies,textsmightgivewaytopicturesgradually.

64.Whatdoesformsofcommunicationonceascendantinpreliteratesocieties(line4,para.5)referto?

A.Images.

B.Writtenwords.

C.Printedimages.

D.Texts.

65.Fromthetext,itcanbeinferredthattheauthor

A.agreesthatimagesofferabetterformofcommunicationthantheprint.

B.doesnotsharetheopinionthatanimage-basedcultureislessadvanced.

C.showsdeepconcernabouttheimpactofimagesonculture.

D.preferstheimageeratothatoftheprintedword.

SECTl0NIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Textl

在欧洲，英格兰的豪饮是最根深蒂固的风俗，甚至罗马侵略者都战战兢兢的对其进行了描述。随着去年十一月放宽时间禁令后，很多人担忧这种状况会进一步恶化。医生、学者、报纸和警察、法官一道对放宽禁令表示反对。警察和法官们警告说，这种改革类似于“精神失常”。对此，政府并不赞同。政府废除了一战期间由大卫·劳德·乔治抢先实行的限制性饮酒政策。乔治是当时的首相，实行这一政策是为了避开工人喝得烂醉。

然而部长们从未否认过英国人对白酒有一种不健康的心态。他们认为，夜间，发生城市街道上的很多犯罪和骚乱都是由酒鬼所引起的。他们往往同时走出酒吧和俱乐部，互相之间争夺回家的出租车。但部长们援引了澳大利亚的战时阅历：较早的打烊时间导致这种现象被戏称为“六点钟豪饮”，即在规定的时间内人们争分夺秒的喝酒。有人盼望，放宽时间禁令后，英国人将会更文明，更绅士般的饮酒，即悠然的喝着夏布利斯，而不是狂饮十品脱。乐观主义者或是悲观主义者，哪一种人观点是正确的呢?

由于法律的修改，约三分之二的持证经营场所已经将营业时间延长了约一小时左右。(不到l%的店家被允答应以24小时经营。)这样就避开了晚上ll点和凌晨2点消失的高峰人群，也填补了一些低峰时段。在几个大的，喧闹的城市，包括伯明翰，诺丁汉和曼彻斯特，地方当局报告说，街道秩序没有比以前更乱。在伯明翰，一个饮酒者常常出没的街头已经消失了犯罪率的急剧下降(尽管这也可能是由于由于担忧最坏的状况而聘用了街道督导员)。在伦敦，最让人留意的是，饮酒政策放宽后，没有任何一个月消失过比上年同期更多的暴力犯罪记录。在威斯敏斯特，状况也是这样。当地聚集着很多首都的酒吧和俱乐部。与去年同期相比，自治市镇的整体暴力水平自2023年11月起已经十个月连续下降12%。

对于这些主动的迹象，警方仍持谨慎看法。他们认为如今谈论政策放宽对犯罪的影响，仍旧为时尚早。他们指出，地方警力投入了时间和财力治理深夜饮酒，政府也赐予了额外的现金补贴。但是在圣诞节前夕这一时间段上，政府补贴就已基本用完，那时状况可能会变得更冗杂。与此同时，悲观主义者也提出了新的、更志在必得的证据。西英格兰高校的马丁工厂认为更加自由的饮酒可能会导致一些不会马上显现的长期问题。冰岛首都雷克雅未克，七年前放宽了饮酒限制。虽然治安监管变得简单了，但更多的酒鬼住进了医院，而且酒后驾驶率也在快速飙升。

答案及精析

51.B【精析】详情题。题目问的是“下面那一句说法是不正确的?”。由文章第一段第一句“…evenRomaninvaderswroteaboutitwithhorror.”可知：对于英格兰的豪饮，罗马侵略者也战战兢兢地进行’了描述，这与A项内容相符。由第一段第三句“…bythepoliceandjudges。whowarnedthatthereformswere‘closetolunacy”’可知：警察和法官认为这种改革几乎是“精神失常”，这与B项内容不符。由第一段其次句“therelaxationoflicensinghourslastN0—vember”可知C项正确;由第一段最终一句“…arestrictiveregimefirstimposedduringtheFirstWorldWarbyDavidLloydGeorge，’’可知D项正确。应选B。

52.D【精析】推断题。题目问的是“政府为什么要改革限制饮酒时间的政策?”。由文章其次段第一、二句“…theyarguedthatmuchofthecrimeanddisorderthatblightedcitystreetsatnightwascausedbyhordesofdrunkardsroilingoutofpubsandclubsatthesalnetimeandfightingforthesalTletaxihome.Theycitedthewartimeexperi—enceinAustralia…”可知：政府改革限制饮酒时间的政策的目的是为了降低由饮酒引起的犯罪，这与D项内容相符。应选D。

53.C【精析】详情题。题目问的是“如今，大城市的状况如何?”。由文章第三段第三、四句“Localauthoritiesinseverallarge，livelycit—ies，…reportthatthestreetsarenomofedisorderlythanbefore…hasseenadramaticdropincrime”可知：饮酒时间政策改革后，各地犯罪率呈下降趋势，这与C项内容相符。再有第三段第五句“InLondon，...therehasnotbeenasinglemonthsincethedrinkinglawswererelaxed…”可知D项错误。应选C。

54.A【精析】推断题。题目问的是“警方的观点是什么?”。由文章第四段其次句“Theypointoutthatlocalforceshavedivertedtimeandmoneytopolicelate—nightdrinking，andhavebeengivenextracashbythegovernment.”可知：当地警方投入时间和财力用于治理深夜饮酒问题，这与A项内容相符。由第四段第一句“Thepoliceremaincautiousaboutsuchpositivesigns…”可知B项错误。此外，文章没有提及c项，而D项的“only”使该选项的表意过于肯定。应选A。

55.D【精析】详情题。题目问的是“那些对改革不乐观的人们认为。”。由文章最终一段其次句话“…thatfreerdrinkingCallleadtodong—termproblemsthatarenotimmediatelyapparent.”可知对改革不乐观的人们认为此项改革会引发长期问题，并以冰岛首都雷克雅未克为例进行论证，这与D项内容相符。应选D。

Text2

参考译文

关于人类对生态的影响，最正确的估量说明：它已经超过了地球的再生力量的20%左右。这是早前由莱斯特·R·布朗在其新书中提出的。B2.0打算的副标题大声疾呼：挽救巨大压力下的地球和麻烦不断的人类文明。布朗的B打算会有效果吗?

绿色运动大致分为两个阵营：技术乐观主义者和社会革命主义者。像布朗这样的每个人都提出新的方法来生产蛋白质。在进展中国家，人们通过土地运动实现土地的再安排。另一个分歧在于一些人意识到进展中的南方地区的人口压力是最大的环境问题，而另一些人说那是富有的北方地区的消费模式。状况越来越糟，作为一个技术乐观主义者，布朗很担忧人口问题。加之担忧快速增长的进展中国家会照搬西方消费者的生活方式，上述观点就成了他为绿色修复技术所写的悼词。

他对物种灭亡，水资源短缺，石油生产的最终衰落所引发的经济动乱进行描述，当然，也包括气候改变。他使用了一连串令人懊丧的统计数据。由此可见，他的乐观，不过是牵强为之。他的挽救打算?作为布朗作品的一节，标题定为“消退贫困，稳定人口”。这在很大程度土依靠于传统的人类进展的方法：利用救援来弥补贫困国家的收入差距。细数为实现健康、教育和削减贫困的联合国千年进展目标的本钱，布朗传达了这样一种感觉：一些新的财政措施，加上富有国家的善意，这些费用不成问题。在过去三十年中，这是始终沿用的，但始终没有奏效的方法。20世纪90年月，尽管人们做出很多的承诺来解决贫困，但是那些生活费一天缺乏一美元的群体在全球经济增长中的收益比例却下降了73%。这就是B2.0打算的症结所在。

布朗所描述的由气候改变引起的混乱状态是可怕的，也是有劝说力的。它呈现了世界上最贫困的人们与生物燃料产业之间不断的争夺食物。石油越来越责，也即将耗尽，所以生物燃料产业的任务是确保发达国家的越野车能在道路上奔驰。工业惰性和行业游说的影响力结合在一起，使这一场景变得更加可信。近期，世界“TRACIE”组织的会谈显示：炮舰外交的经济等价物主宰世界的运行，所以穷人在协议中仍处于劣势。

对技术上的乐观使我们往往拥有太多的信念，认为理性的商量政策可以带来转变，却在权力和政治这些实际问题上徘徊观望。即使布朗的B打算能够告知我们哪些可再生能源技术可以使用，哪些粮食作物适合种植，我们也需要另一种方式来处理好既得的经济利益和全球金融机构的赤字问题。全球金融机构往往排斥穷人。为此.我们需要C打算。

答案及精析

56.B【精析】详情题。题目问的是“布朗试图在其新书中说明什么问题?”。由文章第一段第一句“Thebestestimateofhumanity’seco—logicalfootprintsuggeststhatitnOWexceedstheEarth’sregenerativecapacitybyaround20percent.”可知：关于人类对生态的影响，最正确的估量说明：它已经超过了地球的再生力量的20%左右，这与B项内容相符。应选B。

57.C【精析】推理题。题目问的是“布朗认为消费主义观念假如传人欠发达中国家会导致什么?”。由文章其次段的最终一句“Thegiveawayishiseulogytogreentechn0—fixes.coupledwitllthefearoffast—growingdevelopingcountriescopyingWesternconsumerlifestyles.”可知：加之担忧快速增长的进展中国家照搬西方的消费者的生活方式，上述观点就成了他为绿色修复技术所写的悼词。由此可见，布朗认为消费主义观念传入欠发达国家会导致绿色修复技术遭到破坏。应选C。

58.A【精析】详情题。题目问的是“在谈到布朗对于环境恶化的可怕描述时，认为什么?”。由文章第三段第一句“Hisoptimism，though.appearsforcedasherollsout…”可知：他对物种灭亡，水资源短缺，石油生产的最终衰落所引发的经济动乱进行描述，当然，也包括气候改变。他使用了一连串令人懊丧的统计数据。由此可见，他的乐观，不过是牵强为之。应选A。

59.B【精析】词义题。题目问的是“短语‘gunboatdiplomacy’是什么意思?”。“gunboat”意思是“炮舰”，从第四段的最终一句话“Thepoorgetabaddealbecausetheworldislunbytheeconomicequiva-lentofgunboatdiplomacy，…”分析得知，发达国家在与不发达国家的经济贸易中往往实行以武力相威逼而从中获利。应选B。

60.D【精析】详情题。题目问的是“为什么说‘我们需要C打算’?”。由文章最终一段的第一句话“Technologicallyoptimisticvisionsoftenhavetoomuchfaiththatchangewillflowfromara—tionaldiscussionaboutsensiblepolicies，whiletipt