阅读理解难？支你几招

阅读理解难？支你几招！目前阅读理解的考查符合中学生学习英语的目的和实践。题材的选择体现了“贴近时代、贴近生活、贴近学生”的原则。命题者熔知识性、趣味性、实用性于一炉，全方位多侧面对学生的阅读能力进行检测。5篇文章题材与体裁多样化，信息含量大。英语高考中阅读理解短文的题材广泛，包括：政治、经济、文学、历史、地理、社会生活、科普知识等。我们应对的关键是要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。突破方法在平日学习中养成总结阅读理解解题方法，复习解题思路的习惯。不把精力都花在语法上。针对不同题材的阅读理解文章分开掌握做题思路。保证解题质量的前提下再追求解题速度。确保答题时间。平时不拖拉，5篇文章限时40分钟。研读体会高考评分标准。（见考纲）解题步骤迅速审题干，了解文章的大概重点（1-2分钟）先浏览一下文章后面的题干及备选项是非常重要的一步。这样可以了解答题要求，使自己的思路更加明确敏捷，做到心中有数，在阅读是随时留意与题目设置相关的信息。

2.速读原文、了解大意要求明确了，我们就可以快速阅读全文。所谓速读，就是在尽可能短的时间内，理解文章或段落的大致内容。快速阅读时，可以从以下几方面去考虑：

①

尽量抓住关键词句，特别注意名词和动词等，对于比较长的复合句，可以采用缩取主谓宾的方法，从而提高阅读速度。

②

要特别重视短文中每段开头和结尾的一、两句的意思，因为它们是段落的概括或总结，为阅读理解提供了直接信息。

③

在浏览的基础上，对答题要求有了了解，因此在快速阅读时，可用铅笔将相关的信息词划出，其他内容则可粗略读过，缩小范围。

④

阅读中遇到生词可利用构词法或上下文来进行推断，实在不行，可采用跳过去的办法解决，千万不要因为几个生词而放慢阅读速度。

3.瞻前顾后、灵活作答

在第一步和第二步的基础上，再细读划出的信息词，并结合答题要求，逐条分析，一一作答。一般来说，答题的设计顺序与文章内容的发展顺序基本一致。因此在这一环节中，我们可以先解决表层和中层的问题，再解决深层理解题，就不会感到太困难了。

4.复读检查、验证答案

在做完了阅读理解题后，很有必要回过头来重新仔细阅读原文。这样可以更深地理解短文，核查我们的答案有无错误。对理解不透或把握不准的词句，通过再次细读揣摩，其意义就明朗了，从而最终敲定深层理解题的答案。上述四个步骤只是一般的思考方法而已，做阅读理解题的方法多种多样，因个人而异。阅读理解能力不是一朝一夕就能提高的，要*平时的日积月累，不断丰富经验，提高阅读技能。

小提醒

1).平时阅读虽不同于考试，也要杜绝“参照阅读法”。一遇到生词就查词典的阅读，借助于汉语翻译的阅读，一碰难句就搞语法分析的阅读，是很难提高能力的。

2).坚决杜绝“心译”的不良习惯，所谓“心译”就是在阅读时，将语句译成母语，再通过母语来理解问题，这种方法十分有害，不利于阅读能力的提高，必须努力克服，培养自己从英语角度理解英文的良好阅读习惯。

3).尽量扩大词汇量。阅读能力强的人往往词汇量很大，他们不仅能快速阅读，也能很好地理解阅读材料，所以平时一定要多读，并尽可能地读一些英文原著。“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”就是这个道理。技巧点拨细节理解题1、常见的考查细节类的题目措辞如下：Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.NoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEexcept…Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?

Thestoryhappenedin_____.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)...?2、细节考查的不同方式：（1）转换提问法出题者使用同义词语、参照词、代词等，要求考生对已有信息进行必要的转换，以得出正确理解。例如：…Studentspushedtheirwayoutside.Longandloudfiresirenscouldbeheardnearby,andMrs.Pott’sembarrassmentwasutmostwhenshespottedatelevisioncrewfromalocalnewsstation.Theysquattedonthelawnandfilmedthemassdeparturefromtheschool.…Question:WhatmadeMrs.Pottfeelmostuncomfortable? A.Theheadadministratorgavethetroublemakerhisduepunishment. B.Theeventwouldprobablybebroadcastedbythelocalnewsstation. C.Otherstudentsdidn’tdoanythingtostopDarinfromcausingtrouble. D.HersewingclasswascompletelyspoiledbyDarin.本文中的embarrassmentwasutmost近义理解为题干中的feelmostuncomfortable，文中的atelevisioncrew和filmedthemassdeparture当然可以理解为B项中probablybebroadcastedbythelocalnewsstation。因此答案为B。（2）真伪判断法出题者提出片面的、不确切的，或完全错误的说法让考生去判断。这就要求考生找到与每个选项说法相应的文章部分，了解正确肯定的事实，来排除不符合文章所交待的内容的选项。例如：AnadvertisementisjustlikeaSomebodyElseSaysquotationinanewsstory.Thenewspaperdoesnotsaythatwhattheadvertisersaysistrue.Allthenewspapersaysis,“Thisiswhattheadvertisersays.”Tofindoutwhetheritistrueornotwillbelefttothereaders.Allthestatementsintheadsaretheadvertiser’sstatements,notthepapers.Question:WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage? A.Thebuyershouldnotshareopinionswithadvertisers. B.Theeditorhastoanswerforthetruthofadsinthepaper. C.Thebuyerhimselfshouldfindoutwhetheranadistrueornot.D.Theadvertisershouldnotexpresshisownopinionsinanad.本题中的A、B、D三个选项均是对本文的错误理解，而文中的Tofindoutwhetheritistrueornotwillbelefttothereaders则可正确理解为C项Thebuyerhimselfshouldfindoutwhetheranadistrueornot.（3）计算提问法当涉及时间、距离、价格、数量等数据等时，你必须经过一些测算才能确定答案。例如：Thefirstrecordedsightingofatransitwasmade,innorthwestEngland,byJeremiahHerrocks,whohadworkedoutarepeaton4December,1639.Theintervals（时间上的间隔）betweentransitsfollowanunusualpattern:8years,then,then8,thenyears,andwilldosountil2984.Question:WhencanweseethetransitofVenusnexttimeaccordingtothetext? A.In2022 B.In2033 C.In2025 D.In2055这是一道较为复杂的计算题。从文章可知整个周期需要：8++8+=243（年），那么下一次应该是在1639年以后的四个周期之后的2022。（4）补全事实提问法这是指根据文章提供的一部分事实，将文章没有直接说明的另一部分事实在回答问题时去起来。例如：RescueworkersandvolunteersinFloridaworkednon-stoptohelpasmanydolphinsastheycouldtoreturntodeepwater.Somedolphinsmadeit.Abouttwodozendied.For35dolphinsindangertherewasonlyonechanceforsurvival—tobesenttotheMarineMammalsCareCenter.Thedolphinswereplacedinawaterpoolwheretheyhavebeengivenround-the-clockcarebyhundredsofvolunteerswhosignedupforfour-hourshifts（轮班）.Question:ThedolphinsstrandedonthebeachweresenttotheMarine A.theywerewarmlywelcomed B.theyweretakencareofandcured C.theyweretobetrained D.theywouldlivewithhumanbeings本文明确说明Thedolphinswereplacedinawaterpoolwheretheyhavebeengivenround-the-clockcare，所以theyweretakencareof是毫无疑问的，但cured则是要求考生根据第一小节的Somedolphinsmadeit（指returntodeepwater）对信息作出适当的补充。猜测词义1、常见的考查词句理解的题目如下：Whenthewomansaid…,whatshemeantwas_______.Thephrase…means_______.Theunderlinedwords…referto________.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression…standsfor?Theword…hasthesamemeaningastheword_______.2、词义猜测技巧阅读理解中，经常出现一定量的生词，并且每年总有二至四题直接考查词义、句义猜测。这充分体现了《教学大纲》和《考试说明》的要求，意在考查考生根据上下文推测生词短语含义的能力，突出考查语境的分析和把握能力。猜词能力不仅涉及到学生的语言知识水平，还涉及到学生的语言应用能力和综合素质水平。在阅读理解中，猜测词义、句义题的特点是对生词、短语，指示代词和句子的猜测。其常见应试技巧作如下简单介绍：（1）同义法：通常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。例如：Tofillthesalmonsupply,peoplehaveturnedtofishfarming,oraquaculture.Question:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aquaculture”meanaccordingtothepassage? A.Itmeansthefastestgrowingfoodindustry. B.Itmeansfishfarming. C.Itmeansakindofculturewithwater. D.Itmeansraisingsalmononfarms.答案为B。（2）反义法：利用反义词说明生词的意义。如反义词hotandcold.Giveandreceive,perfectandimperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。例如：Someplantshaverelativelyabilitynottobeaffectedbyagreatmanydiseases,whileothershavesusceptibilitytothem.Question:Theunderlinedwords“havesusceptibilityto”means_______. A.arenotlikelytobeinfluencedby B.arenotveryeasilycontrolledby C.areseldomattackedby D.areverylikelytobeharmedby本句中的while引导的是个表示转折分句，意思是“然而”，因此前后句的意思应该是相反的，A、B、C三种说法都与前面的分句一致，只有D表示相反的意思，是正确的。（3）释义法：在文中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。例如：Aglobalizedworkforce,withbettertransportlinksandremoteaccesstoofficeresourcesmeansthattravelinglongdistancestoworkhasbecomecommonplaceandmorepopular.Jobcommutinghasbecomearealityformillionssopeoplecanchoosewheretheylive.Question:Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Jobcommuting”mean? A.Jobhuntinginlargecities B.Househuntinginlargecities C.Travelinglongdistancetoworkeveryday D.Aprogramdesignedforjobhunting本文的第一个句子就是对后文划线词组的解释，概括为C项的Travelinglongdistancetoworkeveryday。（4）情景推断法：猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景，词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来。例如：Somanyofusholdontothelittleresentment（怨愤）thatmayhavecomefromanargument,amisunderstanding,orsomeotherpainfulevents.Stubbornly,wewaitforsomeoneelsetoreachouttous,believingthisistheonlywaywecanforgiveorregainafriendshiporfamilyrelationship.Question:Theunderlinedpartmeans________. A.stretchoutone’shand B.givehelp C.offeranapology D.explainsomething本题是典型的利用情景推断法来确定词组的含义，从上下文的意思，尤其是下文的forgive，可以推知词组的正确含义是“作出道歉”。（5）代词替代法：一般来讲，代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。例如：Mostgreatinventorsinthecapitalist（资本主义的）societymeetwithmuchoppositiontotheirinventionsfromthepeoplewhoplacetheirinterestsbeforethoseofthepeople.Question:Theunderlinedword“those”refersto________. A.inventors B.inventions C.interests D.monopolies了解句子的含义：把他们自己的利益放在人民的利益之前。可见用interests代替those句子意义成立，因此C项正确。（6）构词法根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如：Wavesfromearthquake-generatedtsunamiscantravelatspeedsexceedingthoseofajetairplane,makinganearlywarningsystemallthemoreimportant,delegatessaid.Question:Theunderlinedword“exceeding”means________. A.equaling B.reaching C.greaterthan D.lowerthan根据构词法我们知道ex-前缀有“向外；脱离”之意，引申为“超出范围”，所以可以推测为greaterthan。主旨归纳1、常见考查文章或段落主题与中心思想的题目如下：Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe_______.Themainideaofthepassageis_______.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.Thewriter’smainthoughtisthat_______.Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthatpassage________?Whichofthefollowingsupportsthemainidea________?Whichofthefollowingcanbethebestheadlineofthepassage________?Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_____.2、主旨归纳题的常见情况：主旨判断题通常考查短文或段落的标题、中心思想等。解答这类题目的关键是对文章或各段主题句的寻找，必要时还要进行归纳、总结，以期得出能够涵盖全文或整个段落的中心思想，不片面，同时不超越文章的所陈述的内容。通常文章的主题句会出现篇（段）的开头、末尾、中间，例如：（1）Aquacultureisoneoftheworld’sfastestgrowingfoodindustries.Itisreplacingcommercialfishinginmanyplacesandisreducingthepriceofsalmontoaboutathirdofitsearlierprice.Theotherbenefitofaquacultureisthatitallowsthewildsalmonpopulationtorecover.Aboutaquarterofamillionmoresalmonreturnedtotheirhomeriverstoproduceeggseachyearinthemid-1990s.Question:Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Aquaculturehasreducedthepriceofsalmontoaboutathirdofitsearlierprice.B.Aquacultureisreplacingcommercialfishinginmanyplaces.C.Aquaculturebenefitsthewildsalmonpopulationtorecover.D.Aquaculturebenefitstheecosystemofthesalmonandpromotesthedevelopmentofthefoodindustry.本段文字的第二个句子是对整个段落的概括，后面举了两个例子，一是使价格降了下来，二是使salmon得以很好地繁殖。A、C都失之偏颇，而D则不是这一小节的内容。所以B项正确。（2）“Thisresearchshowshowimportantitistogetallyoungpeopleworkinghardandteachthemthevalueofhighereducation,”hesaid.

Question:Themainpurposeoftheresearchis________. A.togivethegovernmentsomeadviceonhighereducation B.toshowussomeinformationabouthighereducation C.toshowthesexdifferenceinhighereducation D.tomakeallthestudentsworkhardandrealizetheimportanceofhighereducation本段文字是一篇调查报告的最后一小节，对于调查的效果作出说明，也是该调查的目的。选D。（3）Haveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreatedunfairly?Haveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecausethesalesmantalkedyouintoit?Areyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate?

Manypeopleareafraidtoassert(表现)themselves.Dr.Alberti,authorofStandUp,SpeakOut,andTalkBack,thinksit’sbecausetheirself-respectislow.“Ourwholesetup(体制)isdesignedtomakepeopledistrustthemselves,”saysAlberti.“There’salways‘superior’around–aparent,ateacher,aboss–who‘knowsbetter’.Theresuperiorsoftengainwhentheychip(削弱)awayatyourself-image.”Question:Thepassagemainlydiscussestheproblemthat_____.A.peopleareeasilycheatedwhentheybuysomethingB.peopleareafraidtospeakforthemselvesC.somepeoplethinktoolowofthethemselvesD.somepeopleareafraidofsuperiors本文的第一小节以三个问句的形式举例，第二小节一开始就上文的现象提出观点，然后是关于此观点的更多阐述。这正是“引题——主题思想——解释”这一模式。答案选C当然，有时候在叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实之后，文章没有明确地对主题思想作总结，而是要求读者对此进行正确的归纳，例如：InthesoutheasterncorneroftheUnitedStatesliesthestateofFlorida.ItisoneofthemostfamousplacesintheUnitedStates.Amongallthestates,Floridarankstwenty-secondinsizeandninthinpopulation.Itbecamethetwenty-seventhstateintheUSAin1854.ThecapitalisTallahassee,butthelargestcityisJacksonville.Floridahasapleasantclimate.IthassomanysunnydaysthatitsnicknameistheSunshineASpanishnamedPoncedeLeondiscoveredFloridain1513.Theword“Florida”inSpanishmeans“flowery”.Hemighthavegiventheareathisnamebecauseofcountlessflowersinthisarea.PoncedeLeonwentbacktoSpainbutreturnedin1521tocolonizethisarea.However,SpainunderestimatedthepoweroftheIndiansandtheIndianskilledPoncedeLeon.TwomoreSpanishgroupsarrivedbutwerequicklydefeatedbytheIndians.Finally,in1565theSpanishwereabletofoundthecitySaintAugustine.ThisistheoldestpermanentEuropeansettlementintheUnitedStates.Question:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.TheSpanishintheUSA. B.SaintAugustine. C.ApleasantClimate. D.TheHistoryofFlorida.从本文的内容可以归纳出其中心是介绍佛罗里达的历史。推理分析1、推理分析的题目常见的题干有：Thewriterdoesn’tsaybutwecanknow__________.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageseemstobe__________.Thispassageisprobablytakenfrom____________.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______________.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat___________.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?Thewriterofthispassageisprobablya_____________.Thewriter’sattitudetoward….is__________.2、分析推理题的类别（1）简单推理，常见设题形式有：Supposing…,_________willhappen?If…,wecansay_________.Fromthetext,wecaninferthatthewriterwould________.Whatisthemostprobableendingofthestory?所谓简单推理就是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据对某些细节进行推理，或对故事的结局作出推理。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。例如：Therearetwogeneralkindsofvoicelifts.Insomecases,implantsareinsertedthroughanincision（切口）inthenecktobringthevocalcords（声带）closertogether.Doctorsalsoinjectfatorothersubstancestomakethecordsbiggersothatthevoicesoundsyounger.Question:Ifonehasagoodvoice,wecansay________. A.hehasimplantsinhisneck B.hisvocalcordsarebigandclose C.hehasavoicelift D.hehasafacelift从文中信息可以容易地知道voicelift是使cords变close和big来使声音听起来年轻悦耳，因此可推知B项为正确答案。（2）复杂推理复杂推理不但要以文字为依据,而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理,就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。下面是几种复杂的推理方法:A.如何推测作者的写作目的和作态度，常见设题形式有：…ismentionedinorderto…Whydoestheauthormention…?Thepurposeinwritingthistextisto________.Theauthorwritesthispassageto______.Theauthorinthispassageintendsto________.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?推测作者的写作目的,必须要先了解文章的主题,然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。例如：Olderpeople,tiredfromaday’swork,arenotasnobleasbefore,evenfarfromit.Manyargumentsorquarrelsbreakoutastheypushandpulleachothertogetonbusesandtrains.Question:Onthetrainorbus,accordingtotheauthor,olderpeople_________. A.oftenoffertheirseatstoothers B.aretreatedbetterthanyoungerpeople C.arenomorethoughtfulthanyoungerpeopletowardseachother D.areveryselfishtowardsyoungerpeople从asnobleasbefore,evenfarfromit可以推知olderpeople的行为不比youngerpeople来得礼貌体贴。B.如何推断文章的出处，常见设题形式有：Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof______.判断体裁应根据其写作特点和叙述的内容，故事、评论、阐述对话各有其特点，是不难区分的。判断其来源要留心所选的部分是哪一类的，涉及哪方面的内容。一篇故事是不可能取材于科学杂志，新闻报道也不可能刊载在书评内。因此，判断文章来源应将文章的形式及内容特点加以综合考虑才能下结论。例如：Linguists(语言学家)believethatthelanguagesofaboutone-thirdofthehumanracealldevelopedfromoneIndo-Europeanlanguage.Butwhowerethespeakersofthisancientlanguage?Linguisticdetectiveworkofferssomeclues.It’ssometimessaidthatyoucandeduce(推断)apeople’shistoryfromthewordstheyuse.StudyofsomefiftyancientvocabularieshasledtoareconstructionofthelifestyleofthefirstIndo-European,avanished(消失的)people…Question:Wheredoyouthinkthispassageprobablyappeared? A.Inanarticlemeantforgeneralreaders. B.Inanarticlemeantforlinguists C.Inanarticleforspecialistsinarchaeology D.Inanarticleforspecialistsinhistory这段文字作者以第三者的视角向读者介绍了语言的发展，因此不是写给linguists看的，从内容来看也不是讲考古或历史，从语气来看比较亲切，比如用了疑问句以及It’ssometimessaidthatyoucan…中的第二人称。由此可见是写给一般读者看的。而有些文章则很容易从其内容或结构来判断其出处，比如：报道前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；广告因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明、器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式；而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。这里不再举例赘述。C.如何推断人物性格，常见设题形式有：Whatdoweknowaboutsomebodyinthetext?Whatkindofmansomebodyis?Somebodycanbesaidtobe______.做这类题时一定要注意准确把握字里行间的意思,切忌用自己的观点代替作者的观点；特别注意表达情感、态度和观点的词语。例如：Daddidsomanythingsformeduringmyprimaryschoolyears.Heaskedtheschoolbusdrivertopickmeupatmyhouseinsteadoftheusualbusstopthatwassixblocksaway.HealwayshadmylunchreadywhenIcamehome—usuallyasandwichthatwasshapedfortheseason.MyfavoritewasatChristmas.Thesandwicheswouldbecoveredwithgreensugarandcutintheshapeofatree.Question:Theauthorlistssomanydetailsinordertoshow_______. A.herfatherwaschildish B.herfatherwascarefulandthoughtful C.shefailedtogainindependence D.herfatherwasnotlikeaman这段文字的第一句已经对Dad作出了肯定的评价，后面的例子进一步说明了Dad的优秀品质，所以B项才正确地判断了任务的性格。D.如何判断和预测前后的内容,常见设题形式有：Theparagraphpreceding（先于...）thisonemostprobablydiscusses...

Theparagraphprecedingthisextractprobablydealwith...Whatdoestheparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscuss?

Whatdoyouthinktheauthorwilldiscussinthenextpart?Theauthorintendtoexplainnext...

Accordingtothepassageyou'veread,thewriterwillprobablysuggestnext...解这种题目最好是带着问题去阅读。首先，我们对所读的选段要有一个全局的概念，弄清它所涉及的全部内容，哪些可能已谈过，哪些还没谈。其次，我们要从文章的语篇结构上去分析。一篇文章通常由导言、正文和结束语构成。导言一般要概述全篇内容，它规定了文章的主线或中心内容。借助导言，我们能紧紧把握作者的思路，从而有利于对文章的理解。正文是文章的主体，也是最常选摘的部分。正文的各段内容都由导言确定，也就是说，正文不论述导言中未提及的观点和内容。结束语是文章的收尾部分，尤其是正式论文往往通过它而使全篇得到提纲挈领的概括并从中得出结论。因此，通过对文章的篇章结构的分析，就可判断已谈了什么或将要谈什么。例如：Scientistshaveworkedhardtofigureoutaverageairtemperatureinordertoseehowmuchthesehavechanged.OneofourbestestimatesisthattheEarthhaswarmedupabout1F°inthepasthundredyears.Thatmaynotsoundlikemuch,butfortheplanetevensmallchangesintemperaturehavebigeffects.Question:Iftherewereaparagraphfollowingthispassage,whatwoulditmostprobablytalkabout? A.TheinfluencethatthesmallchangesintemperaturewillhaveontheEarth. B.Theincreasingtemperaturethatmoreandmorecarbondioxideiscausing. C.Thegreenhouseeffectcausedbyseriouspollution. D.TheconstructionofthebiglaboratoryinthePacificOcean.从本段文字的最后一句可知后文很有可能对这一论点作进一步的论证和说明，而B、C、D都与该段文字内容相距甚远，所以A正确。典例剖析（2022湖北高考）AtonetimenoonecouldtravelonanEnglishroadfasterthanfourmilesanhour.Thatwasthelawuntil1896.Amanhadtowalkinfrontofacarwhichcouldnotgofasterthantheman.Atnightthemanhadtocarryaredlamp. OnceCharlesRollsbroughtacarfromFrancetoEngland,buthewantedtodrivefasterthanfourmilesanhour.Inordertohavenotroublewiththepolice,hehadatalkwithsomeofthepoliceofficers,whoorderedtheirpolicementolooktheotherwaywhenthecarcamealongtheroad.Thiswasagoodplaninthecountry,butnotsoeasytofollowinthebusystreetsofLondon. OnenightRollsandsomefriendsstartedfromLondonontheirjourneytoCambridge.Oneofthemenwalkedinfrontwiththeredlamp,buthewalkedasfastashecould.Thepolicebecameveryinterestedinwallsandshop-frontswhentheyheardthecar,andnotoneofthemsawit. Theyreachedahill;butwhatawasteoftimeitwastodrivedownthehillatfourmilesanhour!Rollswasgettingreadytojumpintothecar;butthenhenoticedapolicemanwhowasnotlookingtheotherway.Theslowcarreachedhim. “Goodevening,”saidthepoliceman,lookingatthecar. “Goodevening,”saidRolls,holdingthelamp. “Oneofthesehorselessthings,”saidthepoliceman,lookingatitwithinterest. “Yes,”saidRolls,andwaited. “I’veoftenwantedarideinone;butofcoursepolicemencan’tbuythingslikethat.”HeturnedandlookedhopefullyinRolls’sface. “Jumpin,”saidRolls. “Thanks,”saidthepoliceman,anddidso.“Now,”hesaid,sittingdown,“youcanletitgojustasyoulikedownthishill.Thereisn’tanotherpolicemanonthisroadforamileandahalf.”1．Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat. A．theycouldwatchthecarcomingfromtheotherdirection B．thecarcouldgofasterthanfourmilesanhour C．theycouldmakesurenoonewasintheway D．thecarwouldnothitthemontheroad2．Inwhatwaydidthepolicemencarryouttheorderfromtheirofficers? A．TheygreetedRollswhenthecarcamealong. B．Theywalkedinfrontofthecarwitharedlamp. C．Theypretendedtobeattractedbysomethingelse. D．Theystoodondutyeverymilesalongtheroad.3．Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto. A．teachRollsalesson B．takeafreeridehome C．haveatalkwithRolls D．haveacarrideexperience4．Afterthepolicemanjumpedintothecar,Rolls. A．darednotdrivethecarfasterthanhewasallowedto B．coulddriveasfastashewishedwithinacertaindistance C．coulddriveonanyroadhelikedfortherestofthejourney D．drovehiscarasfastashecoulddownthehilltoCambridge[答案与解析]1．B词义猜测题。这个短语本身不难理解，但是在上下文中体现了文中人物的行为目的，因此不能望文生义地选A。2．C细节推测题。从文中的情景来看，警察应该不会对wallsandshop-fronts感兴趣到听不见车开过来的声音这种地步，所以可以推测他们是假装没听到。3．D人物心理推测题。从下文可知他想要体验一下坐车的感觉。4．B故事结局推测题。从文章的最后一句话可知：在amileandahalf这段距离内可以想开多快就多快。练一练1VeryfewpeoplewerecomingtoeatattheWhitewhattodo.Thepricewasreasonableandthefoodwasofgoodquality,butnobodyseemedtowanttoeatthere.Thenhedidsomethingthatchangedallthat,andinafewweekshisrestaurantisalwaysfullofmenwiththeirladyfriends.Wheneveragentlemancameinwithalady,asmilingwaitergaveeachofthemamenu(菜单),Themenulookedexactlythesameontheoutside,buttherewasanimportantdifferenceinside.Themenuthatthewaitergavetothemansuppliedthecorrectpriceforeachdishandeachbottleofwine.whilethemenuthathegavetotheladysuppliedamuchhigherprice!Sowhenthemancalmlyordereddishafterdishandwineafterwine,theladythoughthewasmuchmoregenerous(慷慨)thanhereallywas.1.Whydidn’tpeoplecometotheWhiteA.Becausethepricewashigh.B.Becausethefoodwastoocheap.C.Becausethefoodwasnotgood.D.Thepassagedidn’tmention.2.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatthepeoplewhoeatatthisrestaurantaremostly_______.A.pooroldpeopleB.richyoungpeopleC.menwiththeirgirlfriendsD.parentswiththeirchildren3.Thedifferencebetweenthetwokindsofmenuliein_______.A.thecolor B.theshapeC.thepriceD.thefood4.Accordingtothepassagewecaninferthatwhenmenwiththeirgirlfriendseatatthisrestaurant,thefoodwaspaid_______.A.alwaysbytheladiesonlyB.alwaysbythemenonlyC.sometimesbytheladiesD.eitherbythemenorbytheladies5.Accordingtothepassagewecanknowthat,generallyspeaking,_____.A.menaremoregenerousthanwomenB.womenaremoregenerousthanmenC.menliketheirladyfriendstobegenerousD.womenliketheirmenfriendstobegenerous【答案与解析】尽管WhiteRose餐馆价钱合理，饭菜也好，但很少有人光顾，店主为此想出了一条妙计，从此餐馆生意兴隆。1.D。判断题。根据第1段可知原文没有说人们为什么不到餐馆就餐，所以答案为D。2.C。细节题。根据第2段第1句…hisrestaurantisalwaysfullofmenwiththeirladyfriends可知答案为C。3.C。细节题。根据第2段Themenuthatthewaitergavetothemansuppliedthecorrectpriceforeachdishandeachbottleofwine.While…theladysuppliedamuchhigherprice可知答案为C。4.B。推断题。根据最后一句Sowhenthemancalmlyordereddishafterdishandwineafterwine,theladythoughthewasmuchmoregenerousthanhereallywas可推断出答案为B。5.D。推断题。根据原文可知侍者给男士的那个菜单价格合理，而给女士的那个菜单价格却很高，但两种菜单表面上看却一样，这样女士就会认为她们的男友很大方，因此餐馆的这种做法很受男士欢迎，由此可知女人们喜欢自己的男友大方。所以答案为D。2WhenJohnsoncalledagain,themanagerreceivedhimverypolitely.“Thatisamostremarkableoilyoubroughtus,MrJohnson,”hesaid.Johnsonnoddedhissmooth,darkhead.Thatwassomethingheknewverywell.“I’veneverseenanythinglikeit,”themanageradmitted.Johnsonnoddedagain.“No?”hesaidpolitely.Thenheadded,“ButIthinkyouwill,sir.Averygreatdealofit.”Heappearedtothinkforamoment.“Ithinkyouwillfinditwillbeonsaleseven,perhaps,eightyearsfromnow.”Hesmiled.Themanagerthoughtthatwasuncertain.Hesaid,“Itisbetterthanourfishoils.Iadmitthat.”“SoIamtold,sir,”agreedJohnson.“Haveyouanyplanstoproduceityourself,MrJohnson?”“WouldIbeshowingittoyouifIhad?”Johnsonsmiledagain.“Wemightaddsomechemicalstooneofourownfishoils,”saidthemanager.“Itwouldbeexpensivetodothat,evenifyoucould,”Johnsonsaidgently.“Besides,”headded,“Iamtoldthatthisoilwillbemuchcheaperthanyourbestfishoils.Cheaperthananyvegetableoil,infact.”“Perhaps,”saidthemanage.“Well,Isupposeyouwanttomakeanarrangement,MrJohnson.Shallwediscussit?”“Ofcourse,”saidJohnson.“Therearetwowaysofdealingwithasituationofthissort.Theusualoneistopreventitaltogetheroratleasttodelayitaslongaspossible.Thatis,ofcourse,thebestway.”Themanagernodded.Heknewplentyaboutallthat.“ButIamsosorryforyou,because,yousee,thatisnotpossiblethistime.”Themanagerhadhisdoubts,butallhesaidwasaninquiring(asking),“Oh?”“Theotherway,”continuedJohnson,“istoproduceyourselfbeforethetroublestarts.”1.Themanagerthoughtofaddingchemicalstothefishoiltomakeit_______.A.cheaperthanthenewoilB.morequicklyC.moreexpensiveD.asgoodasthenewoil2.Johnson’snewoilwouldbe_______.A.moreexpensivethanfishoil,butbetterB.lessexpensive,andbetterC.lessexpensive,butnotgoodD.moreexpensive,andnotsogood3.Johnsonexpressedhisregretthatthemanager_______.A.couldnotstopthenewoilbeingmadeB.wouldneverknowhowtomakeitC.hadspentalotofmoneyonitD.didn’tknowenoughaboutit4.Johnsonshowedhisnewoiltothemanagerbecausehewanted_______.A.toproduceithimselfB.topreventitbeingproducedC.tobepaidnottoproduceitD.themanagertoproduceit【答案解析】本文讲述了科技产品开发者寻求生产商投资生产的问题。1.D。细节题。根据第2段…Itisbetterthanourfishoils和第6段…Wemightaddsomechemicalstoourownfishoils可知它的目的是D。2.B。细节题。根据第6段的…thisoilwillbemuchcheaperthanyourbestfishoils和第2段的…Itisbetterthanourfishoils可推知答案为B。3.A。细节题。根据倒数第2段ButIamsosorryforyou,because,yousee,thatisnotpossiblethistime可知D为正确选项。4.D。推断题。根据最后一段及全文的分析可知Johnson的目的是想要该经理生产…thenewoils，故选D。3CostofAmericanWarswarnamecostofthewarcostasapercentofannualGDPRevolutionaryWarUS$billion(in2022dollars)63%Warof1812US$billion13%MexicanWarUS$billion3%CivilWarUS$62billion104%SpanishAmericanWarUS$billion3%WorldWarIUS$190.6billion24%WorldWarIIUS$trillion103%KoreanWarUS$billion15%VietnamWarUS$billion12%FirstUS$billion1%1.Whichwarscostmorethanayear’sworthoftheGDP?AFirstC.WorldWarIIandRevolutionaryWar D.MexicanWarandCivilWar 2.TheAmericanannualgrossdomesticproductin1951was_________.A.trillio