职称英语卫生类A级模拟78

［模拟］职称英语卫生类A级模拟78

词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有

括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号

里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第1题：

Thedentisthasdecidedto<u>extract</u>herbadtooth.

A.takeout

B.breakoff

C.pushin

D.digup

参考答案：A

第2题:

Theeconomycontinuedto<u>exhibit</u>signsofdeclineinSeptember.

A.play

B.show

C.send

D.tell

参考答案：B

第3题:

Thistableisstrongand<u>durable</u>.

A.long-lasting

B.extensive

C.far-reaching

D.eternal

参考答案：A

第4题:

Heenduredgreatpainbeforehefinally<u>expired</u>.

A.fired

B.resigned

i

C.die

D.retreated

参考答案：C

第5题：

Thegirlis<u>gazing</u>atherselfinthemirror.

A.smiling

B.laughing

C.shouting

D.staring

参考答案：D

第6题：

Thepriceofvegetables<u>fluctuates</u>accordingtotheweather.

A.jumps

B.rises

C.falls

D.changes

参考答案：D

第7题：

Didyoudothatto<u>irritate</u>her?

A.tease

B.attract

C.annoy

D.protect

参考答案：C

第8题：

Marylookedpaleand<u>weary</u>.

A.ill

B.tired

2

C.worried

D.peaceful

参考答案：B

第9题：

Thewaterinthispartoftheriverhasbeen<u>contaminated</u>bysewage

（污水）.

A.polluted

B.downgraded

C.mixed

D.blackened

参考答案：A

第10题：

Hertreatmentofthesubjectis<u>exhaustive</u>.

A.boring

B.thorough

C.interesting

D.touching

参考答案：B

第H题：

Thesearetheir<u>motives</u>fordoingit.

A.reasons

B.excuses

C.answers

D.plans

参考答案：A

第12题：

Theriver<u>widens</u>considerablyasitbeginstoturnwest.

A.twists

3

B.stretches

C.broadens

D.bends

参考答案：C

第13题：

Henrycannotresistthe<u>lure</u>ofdrugs.

A.abuse

B.flavor

C.temptation

D.consumption

参考答案：C

第14题：

Theseprogramsareof<u>immense</u>valuetooldpeople.

A.natural

B.fatal

C.tiny

D.enormous

参考答案：D

第15题:

Agreatdealhasbeendoneto<u>remedy</u>thesituation.

A.maintain

B.improve

C.assess

D.protect

参考答案：B

阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据

短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选

4

择A项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择B项：如果该句的信息文

章中没有提及，请选择C项。

CosmeticSurgery

Surgerythatcanimprovethewayapersonlooksisbecomingmore

andmorepopularintheUnitedStates.Thiskindofsurgeryiscalled

cosmeticsurgery,andbothmenandwomenareturningtothistreatment

asawayofkeepingtheirappearanceyoungaswellaskeepingcompetitive

（有竞争力的）intheirjobs.Menespeciallyarebeginningtoturnto

face-lifts（面部拉皮手术），liposuction（takingfatoutofthebody）,and

implants（puttingartificialpartsintotheirbodies）tohelpthemlook

younger.Ascompaniesdownsize（缩编）andmoveyoungeremployeesinto

higherpositions,olderemployeesintheirlatefortiesandearlyfifties

feeltheneedtolookandactyoungerinordertostaycompetitivE.These

operationsarenotwithoutdangers,however.

Oneyoungwomanhadaneyeoperationtogetridofthebagsunder

hereyes.ShedescribedherexperienceasterriblE.Shesaid,“Whenhe

startedcutting,IwasfullyawakE.Eventhoughhe'dgivenmeaninjection

nearmyeyes,Isaweverything.〃Shewentontoexplain,〃IknewIhad

tokeepstillbecauseofwhathewasdoing.Hewasscraping（舌ij）awayfat

underneathmyeyes.Ittookabouttenminutes.Afterhefinished,Ifelt

Icouldn'twalk.Iwassofaint.〃Hertroublesdidnotendafterthe

operationfortwoweeks.Hereyeswereswollen（肿胀的）andalmost

completelyclosed,andevendarkglassescouldnothidethesideeffects

oftheoperation.

Liposuction,takingfatoutofthebody,isprobablythemost

popularcosmeticoperationintheUnitedStates.Itseemssimpleenough.

First,asmallcutismadeovertheplacewherethepatientwantsthefat

removeD.Next,asmallpipeisputintothecut.Amachinelikeavacuum

cleaneristhenusedtosuckthefatoutofthebody.However,asonedoctor

explained,someproblemscallhappenaftertheoperation.Hewarned,

，zIrregularlumpsandlooseskincanresetfromthisoperation.Ifitis

notevenlydone,liposuctioncanproduceaverylumpyresult.〃

Patientsoftenmusthavemoreliposuctiontocorrectthe

problem.

第16题：

CosmeticsurgeryismorepopularintheUSthananywhereelse.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

5

第17题：

Thewayamanlookshaslittletodowiththejobopportunitieshemay

have.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

第18题：

Therearehardlyanyrisksinvolvedincosmeticoperations.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

第19题：

Theyoungwomanwasbynomeanssatisfiedwiththeeyeoperation.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

第20题：

Theeyeoperationwassuchafailurethatthewomanrefusedtopayfor

it.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

第21题：

Noteveryoneisagoodcandidateforliposuction.

6

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

第22题：

Sometimesliposuctionpatientsmayhavetoundergomorethanone

operation.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任

务：（1）1〜4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段选择1个

正确的小标题；（2）第5〜8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确

的选项，分别完成每个句子。

Cloning（克隆）:FuturePerfect?

1.Acloneisallexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfrom

anyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanaged

tocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997,researchintocloninghasgrown

rapidly.InMay1998,scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwo

identicalcalves（牛犊）usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeen

clonedsuccessfully.Butthedebateovercloninghumansreallystarted

whenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement:〃We

willhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears,，zhe

toldtheworld.

2.Seed'sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattention,most

ofitnegative.InEurope,nineteennationshavealreadysignedan

agreementbanninghumancloningandintheUSthePresidentannounced,

〃Wewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystates

intheUSwillhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.

3.Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning,theyare

wordedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.

InMarch,TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantoban

researchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalso

believethatinspiteofattemptstobanit,humancloningwillhavebecome

7

routineby2010becauseitisimpossibleto.stoptheprogressofscience.

4.Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmare

world?Thepublichasbeenbombarded（轰炸）withnewspaperarticles,

televisionshowsandfilms,aswellcartoons.Suchinformationisoften

misleading,andmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbe

doingnext.Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobably

havefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewill

beabletochoosethepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthow

woulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundreds,theanti-clonersask.Pretty

cool,answerthepro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.

23-26的选项

A.Whereyoustandwhilewaitingtocross

B.Whereyouwalk

C.Whereyousitonabus

D.Whenyougotobed

E.Whenpollutionlevelsrise

F.Whenyougetup

27-30的选项

A.duringrushhours

B.inspringandautumn

C.totoxicair

D.betweenautumnandwinter

E.asexposuretonuclearradiation

F.onthedownwindside

第23题：

Paragraph1.

参考答案：

D

详细解答：

第24题：

Paragraph2.

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

第25题：

Paragraph3.

8

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

第26题:

Paragraph4.

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

第27题:

RichardSeedclaimedtobeabletoclone

参考答案：

C

详细解答：

第28题:

RichardSeed'sannouncementreceived

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

第29题:

TheUnitedStateswillintroduce

参考答案:

D

详细解答:

第30题:

9

Withintenyearsscientistswillprobablyhave.

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4

个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4

个选项中选择1最佳答案。

CrystalEar

OnedayafriendaskedmywifeJillif1wantedahearingaid."He

certainlydoes."repliedJill.Afterhearingaboutaremarkablenew

product,JillfinallygotupmenervetoaskmeifI'deverthoughtabout

gettingahearingaid."Noway.“Isaid.^Itwouldmakemelook20years

older.”“No,no,vshereplied.^Thisisentirelydifferent.It'sCrystal

Ear!”Jillwasright.CrystalEarisdifferent一nottheold-styledbody

wornorover—the一earaid.butanadvancedpersonalsoundsystemsosmall

thatit'slikecontacts（隐形眼镜）foryourears.AndCrystalEarissuper

sensitiveandpowerful,too.Youwillhearsoundsyourearshavebeen

missingforyears.CrystalEarwillmakespeechlouder,andthe

soundispureandnatural.

Icouldn,tbelievehowtinyitis.Itissmallerthanthetip

ofmylittlefingerandit'salmostinvisiblewhenworn.Thereareno

wires,nobehind-the一eardevice.Putitinyourearanditsready,to

wearmold（形状）fitscomfortably.Sinceit'snottooloudortoofight,

youmayevenforgetthatyou'rewearingit!Useitatworkoratplay.And

ifyourhearingproblemisworseincertainsituations,useCrystalEar

onlywhenyouneedit.

Hearingloss,whichoccurstypicallypriortoteenageyears,

progressesthroughoutone'slifetime.Althoughhearinglossisnowthe

world,snumberonehealthproblem,nearly90percentofpeoplesuffering

hearinglosschoosetoleavetheproblemuntreated.Formanymillions,

treatinghearinglossinaconventionalwaycaninvolvenumerousoffice

visits,expensivetestingandadjustmentstofityourear.Thanksto

CrystalEar,theusoundsolution”isnowconvenient.Almost90percent

ofpeoplewithmildhearingloss,andmillionsmorewithjustalittle

hearingdrop一off,canbedramaticallyhelpedwithCrystal

Ear.Moreover,itssuperiordesignisenergy一efficient,so

batteriescanlastmonths.CrystalEarisnowavailabletohelpthese

peopletreattheirhearinglosswithasmallhearingamplifier（放大器）.

第31题：

io

Initiallythewriterdidnotwanttobuyahearingaidbecause

A.itwouldmakehimlookold

B.Itwouldmakehimnervous

C.itwastooexpensive

D.itwasold一styled

参考答案：A

第32题：

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofCrystalEar?

A.Itishighlysensitive.

B.Itispowerful.

C.Itisinvisible.

D.Itiswireless.

参考答案：C

第33题：

OnespecialfeatureofCrystalEaristhat

A.youcancontrolitsvolume

B.youneedn,ttakeitoffeveryday

C.itissolar,powered

D.itsavespower

参考答案：D

第34题：

Accordingtothepassage,hearinglossis

A.onlyaminorhealthproblem

B.theworld?smostcommonhealthproblem

C.merelyateenagedisease

D.anincurabledisease

参考答案：B

第35题:

11

Manypeopleleavetheirhearingproblemuntreated,because.

A.itisnotserious

B.CrystalEarisnotyetavailable

C.itisnoteasytohaveittreated

D.theydon'twanttolookold

参考答案：C

APhoneThatKnowsYou'reBusy

It'samodemproblem:you'retoobusytobedisturbedbyincessant

（连续不断的）phonecallssoyouturnyourcellphoneoff.Butifyoudon

'tremembertoturnitbackonwhenyou'relessbusy.Youcouldmisssome

importantcallsifonlythephoneknewwhenitwaswisetointerruptyou,

youwouldn'thavetoturnitoffatall.Instead,itcouldletcallsthrough

whenyouarenottoobusy.

Abunchofbehaviorsensors（传感器）andacleverpieceof

softwarecoulddojustthat,byanalyzingyourbehaviortodetermineif

it'sagoodtimetointerruptyou.Ifbuiltintoaphone,thesystemmay

decideyou'retoobusyandaskthecallertoleaveamessageorringback

later.

JamesFogartyandScottHudsonatCarnegieMellonUniversityin

Pennsylvaniabasedtheirsystemoiltinymicrophones,camerasandtouch

sensorsthatrevealbodylanguageandactivity.Firsttheyhadtostudy

differentbehaviorstofindoutwhichonesstronglypredictwhetheryour

mindisinterrupted.

Thepotential"busyness"signalstheyfocusedonincludedwhetherthe

officedoorswereleftopenorclosed,thetimeofday,ifotherpeople

werewiththepersoninquestion,howclosetheyweretoeachother,and

whetherornotthecomputerwasinuse.

Thesensorsmonitoredtheseandmanyotherfactorswhilefour

subjectswereatwork.Atrandomintervals,thesubjectsratedhow

interruptibletheywereonascalerangingfrom"highlyinterruptible”

to"highlynot-interruptible/z.Theirratingswerethencorrelatedwith

thevariousbehaviors.〃Itisashotgun（随意的）approach:weusedall

theindicatorswecouldthinkofandthenletstatisticsfindoutwhich

wereimportant,〃saysHudson.

Themodelshowedthatusingthekeyboard,andtalkingonalandline

ortosomeoneelseintheofficecorrelatedmoststronglywithhow

interruptiblethesubjectsjudgedthemselvestobe.Interestingly,

thecomputerwasactuallybetterthanpeopleatpredictingwhensomeone

wastoobusytobeinterrupted.Thecomputergotitright82percentof

thetime,humans77percent.Fogartyspeculatesthatthismightbebecause

12

peopledoingtheinterruptingareinevitablybiasedtowardsdelivering

theirmessage,whereascomputersdon'tcare.

ThefirstapplicationforHudsonandFogarty'ssystemislikely

tobeinaninstantmessagingsystem,followedbyofficephonesand

cellphones."Thereisnotechnologicalroadblock（障碍）toitbeing

deployedinacoupleofyears,〃saysHudson.

第36题：

Abigproblemfacingpeopletodayisthat.

A.theymusttoleratephonedisturbancesormissimportantcalls.

B.theymustturnofftheirphonestokeeptheirhomesquiet.

C.theyhavetoswitchfromadesktopphonetoacellphone.

D.theyaretoobusytomakephonecalls.

参考答案：A

第37题：

Thebehaviorsensorandsoftwaresystembuiltinaphone.

A.couldhelpstoremessages

B.couldsendmessagesinstantly

C.couldtellwhenitiswisetointerruptyou

D.couldidentifyimportantphonecalls

参考答案：C

第38题：

ScientistsatCarnegieMenonUniversitytriedtofindout.

A.whyofficedoorswereoftenleftopen

B.whenitwasagoodtimetoturnoffthecomputer

C.whatquestionsofficeworkerswerebotheredwith

D.whichbehaviorscouldtellwhetherapersonwasbusy

参考答案：D

第39题:

Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereasked.

A.tocontrolthesensorsandthecamera

B.toratethedegreestowhichtheycouldbeinterrupted

C.tocomparetheirbehaviorswithothers'

13

D.toanalyzealltheindicatorsofinterruption

参考答案：B

第40题：

Thecomputerperformedbetterthanpeopleinthestudybecause.

A.thecomputerworkedharder

B.thecomputerwasnotbusy

C.peopletendedtobebiased

D.peoplewerenotgoodatstatistics

参考答案：C

EffectsofEnvironmentalPollution

Ifpollutioncontinuestoincreaseatthepresentrate,formation

ofaerosols（浮质）intheatmospherewillcausetheonset（开始）ofan

iceageinaboutfiftyyears'time.Thisconclusion,reachedbyDr.S.I.

RasoolandDr.S.H.SchneideroftheUnitedStatesGoddardSpaceFlight

Centre,answerstheapparentlyconflictingquestionsofwhetheran

increaseinthecarbondioxide（二氧化碳）contentoftheatmospherewill

causetheEarthtowarmuporincreasingtheaerosolcontentwillcause

ittocooldown.TheAmericanshaveshownconclusivelythattheaerosol

questionisdominant.

Twospectershauntingconservationistshavebeentheprospect

thatenvironmentalpollutionmightleadtotheplanet'sbecoming

unbearablyhotorcold.Oneoftheseghostshasnowbeenlaid.Because

itseemsthatevenanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideinthe

atmospheretoeighttimesitspresentvaluewillproduceanincreasein

temperatureofonly2℃,whichwouldtakeplaceoverseveralthousand

years.Buttheotherproblemnowloomslargerthanever.

Aerosolsarecollectionsofsmallliquidorsolidparticles

dispersedinairorsomeothermedium.Theparticlesareallsotinythat

eachiscomposedofonlyafewhundredatoms.Becauseofthistheycan

floatintheairforaverylongtime.Perhapsthemostcommonly

experiencedaerosolisindustrialsmog（烟雾）ofthekindthatplagued

Londoninthe1950sandisanevengreaterprobleminLosAngelestoday.

ThesecollectionsofaerosolsreflecttheSun'sheatandtherebycause

theEarthtocool.

Dr.RasoolandDr.Schneiderhavecalculatedtheexacteffect

ofadustaerosollayerjustabovetheEarth'ssurfaceinthetemperature

14

oftheplanet.Asthelayerbuildsup,thepresentdelicatebalancebetween

theamountofheatabsorbedfromtheSunandtheamountradiatedfromthe

Earthisdisturbed.TheaerosollayernotonlyreflectsmuchoftheSun

'slightbutalsotransmitstheinfrared（红外线的）radiationfrom

below.So,whiletheheatinputtothesurfacedrops,thelossofheat

remainshighuntiltheplanetcoolstoanewbalancedstate.

Withinfiftyyears,ifnostepsaretakentostopthespreadof

aerosolsintheatmosphere,acoolingoftheEarthbyasmuchas3.5~C

seemsinevitable.Ifthatlastsforonlyafewyearsitwouldstartanother

iceage,andbecausethegrowingicecapsateachpolewouldthemselves

reflectmuchoftheSun'sradiationitwouldprobablycontinuetodevelop

eveniftheaerosollayerweredestroyed.

Theonlybrightspotinthisgloomyforecastliesinthehope

expressedbyDr.RasoolandDr.Schneiderthatnuclearpowermayreplace

fossilfuelsintimetopreventtheaerosolcontentoftheatmospherefrom

becomingcritical.

第41题：

Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticleistowarnof.

A.warmweather

B.hotweather

C.anewiceage

D.anewiceberg

参考答案：C

第42题：

Theword"specters"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaning

to.

A.pollution.

B.carbondioxide

C.aerosols

D.ghosts

参考答案：D

第43题:

Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat.

A.Londonwasplaguedwithratsinthe1950s

B.Londoniscoveredwithsmogtoday

C.Londonwaspollutedbysmoginthe1950s

15

D.LosAngelesisasheavilypollutedtodayasLondonwasinthe1950s

参考答案：C

第44题:

Whatwillhappenifthedustaerosollayerdevelops?

A.TheEarthwillgetextremelyhot.

B.ThebalancebetweentheamountofheatabsorbedfromtheSunand

theamountlostcouldhardlybemaintained.

C.ThelightoftheSuncouldnolongerreachthesurfaceoftheEarth.

D.InfraredradiationcouldnolongerbetransmittedfromtheEarth

toouterspace.

参考答案：C

第45题:

Theonlywaytostopthespreadofaerosolsintheatmosphere,according

Dr.RasoolandDr.Schneider,istouse

A.fossilfuels

B.electricpower

C.nuclearenergy

D.coalpower

参考答案：c

补全对话阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6

组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有的

位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案填在相应的横线上。

VirtualDriver

Drivinginvolvessharpeyesandkeenears,analyzingwitha

brain,andcoordinationbetweenhands,feetandbrain.Amanhassharp

eyesandkeenears,analyzesthroughhisbrain,andmaintainscoordination

（协调）betweenhishandsandbrains.Hecancontrolafast-movingcarwith

differentpartsofhisbody._46_Apparentlythereisn'tanyoneinthe

driver'scab（驾驶室），butthereisinfactavirtualdriver.Thisvirtual

driverhaseyes,brains,handsandfeettoo.Theminicamerasoneachside

16

ofthecarareitseyesandareresponsibleforobservingtheroad

conditionsaheadofitaswellasthetraffictoitsleftandright.If

youopentheboot（行李箱），youcanseethemostimportantpartofthe

automaticdrivingsystem:abuilt-incomputer._47_Thebrainofthe

carisresponsibleforcalculatingthespeedsobjectssurroundingthecar

aremovingat,analyzingtheirpositionontheroad,choosingtheright

path,andgivingorderstothewheelandthecontrolsystem.

Incomparisonwiththehumanbrain,thevirtualdriver'sbest

advantageisthatitreactsquickly._48_However,ittakestheworld

'sbestracecardriveratleastonesecondtoreact,andthisdoesn't

includethetimeheneedstotakeaction.

Withitsrapidreactionandaccuratecontrol,thevirtualdriver

canreducetheaccidentrateonexpresswaysconsiderably.Inthiscase,

isitpossibleforustoletitdriveatanytimeandinanyplace?_49_

Withitslimitedabilitytorecognizethings,thecarcannowonlytravel

onexpressways.

Theintelligentcardeterminesitsdirectionbytheclearlines

thatmarkthelanesclearlyandrecognizesvehiclesaccordingtotheir

regularshapes._50_Thisbeingthecase,peoplestillhavehighhopes

aboutdriverlesscars,andthinkhighlyintelligentcarsarewhatthecars

ofthefutureshouldbelike.

[A].Expertssaythatwecannotdothatjustyet.

[B].Inthenearfuture,intelligentcarswillbeputinto

commercialoperation.

[C].Thisisthebrainofthecar.

[D].Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself?

[E].Itcompletestheprocessingoftheimagessentbythe

cameraswithin100milliseconds.

[F].However,itcannotrecognizemovingpeopleandbicycles

onordinaryroadsthathavenoclearmarkingsonthem.

第46题：

参考答案:

D

详细解答:

第47题：

参考答案:

C

17

详细解答：

第48题:

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

第49题：

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

第50题:

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

完形填空阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出

了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScores

YoungadultswhoarefithaveahigherIQandaremorelikely

togoontouniversity,revealsamajornewstudy51outattheSahlgrenska

AcademyandSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital.

TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsofthe

NationalAcademyofSciences(PNAS).Thestudy521.2millionSwedishmen

doingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.Theresearch

groupanalysesthe53ofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstook

rightaftertheystartedservingthearmy.

Thestudyshowsaclearlink54goodphysicalfitnessandbetter

resultsfortheIQte